Star Alliance

Star Alliance
Launch date 14 May 1997 (1997-05-14)
Full members 27
Non-voting members 40 affiliates
Pending members 0
Destination airports 1,330[1]
Destination countries 192[1]
Annual passengers (M) 728[2]
Annual RPK (G) 1,364[1]
Fleet size 4,657[1]
Headquarters Frankfurt am Main, Germany[3]
Management Jeffrey Goh, CEO[4]
Calin Rovinescu, Chairman
Alliance slogan The Way the Earth Connects.
Website www.staralliance.com

Star Alliance is one of the world's largest global airline alliances. Founded on 14 May 1997, its current CEO is Jeffrey Goh[4] and its headquarters is located in Frankfurt am Main, Germany.[3] As of April 2018, Star Alliance is the second largest global alliance by passenger count with 728 million, behind SkyTeam (730 million) and ahead of Oneworld (528 million).[5][6] Its slogan is "The Way The Earth Connects".

Star Alliance's 27 member airlines operate a fleet of approximately 4,657 aircraft, serving more than 1,330 airports in 192 countries on more than 18,500 daily departures. The alliance has a two-tier rewards program, Silver and Gold, with incentives including priority boarding and upgrades. Like other airline alliances, Star Alliance airlines share airport terminals (known as co-location) and many member planes are painted in the alliance's livery.

History

1997–1999: First alliance

Air Canada A330 painted Star Alliance livery
Three United planes at San Francisco International Airport. One is wearing Star Alliance Livery.
Tails of four planes on the tarmac
Lufthansa is one of the alliance's founding members.
Logo with five pyramids over "Star Alliance"
First Star Alliance logo, still in use today

On 14 May 1997, an agreement was announced forming Star Alliance from five airlines on three continents: United Airlines, Scandinavian Airlines, Thai Airways, Air Canada, and Lufthansa.[7][8] The alliance chose Young & Rubicam for advertising, with a budget of $25 million (€18 million).[9] The airlines shared the star logo from the beginning, with its five points representing the founding airlines. The alliance adopted its first slogan, "The Airline Network for Earth",[7] with its goal "an alliance that will take passengers to every major city on earth".[8]

Additions

The now defunct Brazilian airline VARIG joined the Star Alliance network[7][10] on 22 October 1997, extending the alliance into South America. Also joining were Ansett Australia and Air New Zealand, expanding Star Alliance to Australia and the Pacific.[11] With the addition of the latter two carriers, the alliance served 720 destinations in 110 countries with a combined fleet of 1,650 aircraft. The next airline to join was All Nippon Airways (ANA), the group's second Asian airline, on 15 October 1999.[12][13]

2000–2006: Expansion

A South African Airways A340 in Star Alliance livery at Munich Airport

During the early 2000s, a number of airlines joined Star Alliance; the Austrian Airlines Group (Austrian Airlines, Tyrolean Airways and Lauda Air) joined on 26 March 2000[14][15] and Singapore Airlines on 1 April.[16] BMI (British Midland) and Mexicana Airlines joined on 1 July, bringing the alliance's membership to 13.[17] The addition of BMI made London Heathrow the only European hub with two alliances. During the year, Emirates considered joining Star Alliance, but decided against it.[18] That year the now-defunct BWIA West Indies Airways, which had entered an alliance with United Airlines, considered becoming a member but did not.[19] In 2000, the alliance also opened its first three business centers (in Los Angeles, Frankfurt, and Bangkok) and announced the formation of an Alliance Management Team (AMT), the partnership's executive body.[20] In September 2001, Ansett Australia (the alliance's only Australian member) left Star Alliance due to bankruptcy, giving most of the Australian market to Qantas (a Oneworld member). That year, Star Alliance announced the appointment of a new CEO, Jaan Albrecht.[20]

Asiana Airlines joined the alliance on 1 March 2003,[21] Spanair on 1 May,[22] and LOT Polish Airlines (Poland's flag carrier) in October.[23] Around this time, Mexicana Airlines left the alliance after deciding not to renew a codeshare agreement with United Airlines, later joining Oneworld.[20] US Airways joined the alliance in May 2004,[24] becoming its second US-based airline. In November Adria Airways, Blue1 and Croatia Airlines joined the alliance as its first three regional members.[25]

Although Star Alliance invited Lineas Aereas Azteca in 2005 to join in mid-2007, the airline filed for bankruptcy. TAP Air Portugal joined on 14 March 2005, adding African destinations to the network.[26][27] In April 2006 Swiss International Air Lines, the alliance's sixth European airline, and South African Airways (its first African carrier) became the 17th and 18th members.[28]

2007: First decade

By May 2007, Star Alliance's 10th anniversary, its members had a combined 16,000 daily departures to 855 destinations in 155 countries and served 406 million passengers annually. The alliance introduced Biosphere Connections, a partnership with UNESCO, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and the Ramsar Convention On Wetlands to promote environmental sustainability.[29][30]

Today, nearly 30% of global air travellers use the services of our member carriers or, looking at it from an overall industry perspective, two thirds of worldwide air travellers use one of the three airline alliances.

— Jaan Albrecht, former Star Alliance CEO[31]

VARIG left the alliance on 31 January 2007,[32] and the two Chinese airlines, Air China and Shanghai Airlines joined on 12 December.[33]

2008–2010: Second decade of operations

Aegean Airlines joined Star Alliance in 2010
Turkish Airlines Boeing 737-800 in star Alliance livery

On 1 April 2008, Turkish Airlines joined the alliance after a 15-month integration process beginning in December 2006, becoming its seventh European airline[34] and 20th member. EgyptAir, Egypt's national airline and Star Alliance's second African carrier, joined on 11 July 2008.[35]

On 27 October 2009, Continental Airlines became the 25th member of Star Alliance after leaving SkyTeam three days earlier. According to alliance CEO Jaan Albrecht, "Bringing Continental Airlines into Star Alliance has been a truly unique experience. This is the first time an airline has moved directly from one alliance to another and I would like to thank all those involved in ensuring a smooth switch". At the time, it was rumored that the switch was Continental's first move in a planned merger with United Airlines.[36] Two months later, Brussels Airlines joined the alliance.[37]

Brazilian carrier TAM Airlines joined Star Alliance on 13 May 2010,[38] increasing its foothold in South America.[39] Aegean Airlines, Greece's largest airline by number of passengers, joined on 30 June.[40]

Shanghai Airlines left the alliance on 31 October 2010 when it merged with China Eastern Airlines, a SkyTeam member.[41] On 29 September, the chief executive board approved Ethiopian Airlines as Star Alliance's 30th member.[42] In 2010 the alliance flew to 1,172 airports in 181 countries, with about 21,200 daily departures.[42]

2011–present: Further expansion and stability

Air India Boeing 787 in Star alliance Livery

Since 2011, the alliance has gained several large members but has lost others due to collapse or mergers. On 13 December 2011, Ethiopian Airlines joined, adding five countries and 24 destinations to the alliance's map.[43]

Star Alliance saw a tumultuous 2012–13, starting with two key departures but ending with a major move into Latin America. In Europe, Spanair ceased operations, and BMI left after being acquired by International Airlines Group (IAG), the parent company of Oneworld members Iberia and British Airways.BMI was integrated into British Airways.[44][45] In North America, Continental merged with United Airlines, reducing Star's membership further, even if it effectively stayed in the alliance after the merger.[46] On 21 June, though, Avianca, TACA Airlines and Copa Airlines joined, massively increasing the alliance's Latin American presence.[47] In November, Blue1 left after becoming an affiliate of parent Scandinavian Airlines.[48] and Shenzhen Airlines joined, augmenting Air China's Chinese network.[49] Taiwanese carrier EVA Air then joined on 18 June 2013, and after TACA's integration into Avianca, the alliance grew to 28 members, making it the largest of the three major airline alliances.[50][51] On 13 December, Air India was again invited to begin an integration process with Star Alliance and joined the alliance on 3 July 2014.[52]

Following this string of expansions, 2014 opened with two major departures through mergers. First, Brazilian carrier TAM Airlines merged with LAN Airlines to become LATAM Airlines Group, leaving the alliance without a presence in the world's fifth-largest country.[53] Next, US Airways completed its merger with American Airlines and also left the alliance.[54] Both parent companies stayed with Oneworld. On 24 June, though, the alliance finally approved Air India which joined on 11 July, leaving the alliance at 27 members, where it stands today.[55][56][57][58]

Future expansion centers around the addition of Connecting Partners, subsidiaries or partners of alliance members which will add connectivity to the alliance without becoming full members. Avianca Brazil joined in this way on 22 July 2015, bringing the alliance back into the Brazilian market partially filling the void left by TAM.[59] South African Airways' low-cost subsidiary, Mango, was initially announced to join as a Connecting Partner in Q3 2016[60] but has since been delayed. Juneyao Airlines, which codeshares with Shenzhen Airlines, joined as a Connecting Partner on 23 May 2017.[61][62][63]

Member airlines and affiliates

Air Canada plane landing
Lufthansa plane at airport
Scandinavian Airlines plane taking off
Thai Airways plane taking off.
United Airlines plane in flight
Air Canada, Lufthansa, Scandinavian Airlines, Thai Airways International and United Airlines are the five founding members of the alliance.

Members and affiliates

Member Joined Affiliates
Slovenia Adria Airways[64] 18 November 2004 N/A
Greece Aegean Airlines[64] 30 June 2010 Greece Olympic Air
Canada Air Canada[A][64] 14 May 1997 Canada Air Canada Express[B][D]
Canada Air Canada Rouge
China Air China[64] 12 December 2007 China Dalian Airlines
India Air India[64] 3 July 2014 India Alliance Air
New Zealand Air New Zealand[64] 3 May 1999 New Zealand Air New Zealand Link[B][F]
Japan All Nippon Airways[64] 15 October 1999 Japan Air Japan
Japan ANA Wings
South Korea Asiana Airlines[64] 28 March 2003 South Korea Air Seoul
South Korea Air Busan
Austria Austrian Airlines[64] 26 March 2000 N/A
Colombia Avianca[64] 21 June 2012 Argentina Avianca Argentina
Brazil Avianca Brazil
Costa Rica Avianca Costa Rica
Ecuador Avianca Ecuador
El Salvador Avianca El Salvador
Guatemala Avianca Guatemala
Honduras Avianca Honduras
Peru Avianca Peru
Belgium Brussels Airlines[64] 9 December 2009 N/A
Panama Copa Airlines[64] 21 June 2012 Colombia Copa Airlines Colombia
Croatia Croatia Airlines[64] 18 November 2004 N/A
Egypt EgyptAir[64] 11 July 2008 Egypt EgyptAir Express
Ethiopia Ethiopian Airlines[64] 13 December 2011 N/A
Taiwan EVA Air[64] 18 June 2013 Taiwan UNI Air[L]
Poland LOT Polish Airlines[64] 26 October 2003 Estonia Nordica Airlines
Germany Lufthansa[A][64] 14 May 1997 Italy Air Dolomiti
Germany Lufthansa Regional[B][C][G]
Germany Lufthansa CityLine
Germany SunExpress Deutschland[J]
Sweden
Norway Scandinavian Airlines[A][64]
Denmark		 14 May 1997 Republic of Ireland Scandinavian Airlines Ireland
China Shenzhen Airlines[64] 29 November 2012 China Kunming Airlines[M]
Singapore Singapore Airlines[64] 1 April 2000 Singapore Silkair
South Africa South African Airways[64] 10 April 2006 South Africa Airlink
South Africa Mango[I]
South Africa South African Express
Switzerland Swiss International Air Lines[64] 1 April 2006 Switzerland Edelweiss Air[O]
Portugal TAP Air Portugal[64] 14 March 2005 Portugal TAP Express
Thailand Thai Airways[A][64] 14 May 1997 Thailand Thai Smile[N]
Turkey Turkish Airlines[64] 1 April 2008 Turkey AnadoluJet
Turkey SunExpress[J]
United States United Airlines[A][64] 14 May 1997 United States United Express[B][H]

A Founding member.
B Airlines operating under Air Canada Express, Air New Zealand Link, Cimber A/S, Lufthansa Regional and United Express are not necessarily members of Star Alliance. However, flights are operated on behalf of the respective member airlines, carry their designator code and are Star Alliance flights.
C Members of Lufthansa Regional that are fully owned by Deutsche Lufthansa AG.
D Air Canada Express flights are operated by[65][66] Air Georgian, EVAS Air, Jazz Aviation, Sky Regional Airlines.
E Air India Regional flights are operated by Alliance Air.
F Air New Zealand Link flights are operated by Air Nelson and Mount Cook Airline.
G Lufthansa Regional flights are operated by Air Dolomiti and Lufthansa CityLine.
H United Express flights are operated by Air Wisconsin, CommutAir, ExpressJet, GoJet Airlines, Mesa Airlines, Republic Airline, SkyWest Airlines and Trans States Airlines.
I South African low-cost airline Mango will join the alliance as a Connecting Partner but until now the new date is still unannounced.[60]
J SunExpress (owned by member airlines Turkish Airlines and Lufthansa) and SunExpress Deutschland (owned by SunExpress) is not part of Star Alliance
L UNI Air is a wholly owned subsidiary of Eva Air, although it is not a part of Star Alliance.
M Kunming Airlines is a wholly owned subsidiary of Shenzhen Airlines, although it is not a part of Star Alliance.
N Thai Smile is a subsidiary of Thai Airways but not a Star Alliance member.
O Edelweiss Air is a subsidiary of Swiss International Air Lines but not a Star Alliance member.[67]

Connecting Partners

Connecting Partner Joined Fleet size
China Juneyao Airlines[61] 23 May 2017 64
Greece Olympic Air[68] 24 May 2018[69] 12

Former members

Former member Joined Exited Affiliates Notes
Australia Ansett Australia 3 May 199912 September 2001Australia Aeropelican Air Services
Australia Hazelton Airlines
Australia Kendell Airlines
Australia Skywest Airlines		 Left the alliance on 12 September 2001 after suffering financial collapse.[70] Ansett resumed operations on 1 October 2001, but would permanently cease operations on 4 March 2002.
Finland Blue13 November 20041 November 2012N/A Left the alliance on 1 November 2012 after SAS took over mainline operations, was a member affiliate of Scandinavian Airlines, and is now a part of CityJet.[48][71]
United Kingdom British Midland International1 July 200020 April 2012United Kingdom BMI Regional
United Kingdom Bmibaby		 Left the alliance on 20 April 2012 as a result of its merger into International Airlines Group, a Oneworld alliance member[44]
United States Continental Airlines 27 October 20093 March 2012 United States Continental Connection
United States Continental Express
United States Continental Micronesia		 Merged with United Airlines on 3 March 2012.[72]
Mexico Mexicana1 July 200031 March 2004Mexico Aerocaribe Left the alliance in 2004 after deciding not to renew a codeshare alliance with United Airlines, opting instead to codeshare with American Airlines[73]
China Shanghai Airlines12 December 200731 October 2010China China United Airlines Left the alliance on 31 October 2010 as a result of its merger with China Eastern Airlines, a SkyTeam member.[74]
Spain Spanair1 May 200327 January 2012Spain AeBal Ceased operations on 27 January 2012.[75]
El Salvador TACA Airlines21 June 201227 May 2013El Salvador TACA Regional Merged with Avianca on 27 May 2013; renamed Avianca El Salvador.
Brazil TAM Airlines13 May 201030 March 2014Paraguay TAM Paraguay Left the alliance on 30 March 2014 as a result of its merger with LAN Airlines, a Oneworld member.[76]
United States US Airways4 May 200430 March 2014United States US Airways Express
United States US Airways Shuttle		 Left the alliance on 30 March 2014 as a result of its merger with American Airlines, a Oneworld member.[77]
Brazil VARIG22 October 199731 January 2007Brazil Nordeste
Brazil Rio Sul
Uruguay PLUNA		 Ceased operations on 20 July 2006.[32]

Former affiliates of current members

Former affiliate Joined Left Affiliate of Notes
Canada Air Canada Tango
2001
2004
Canada Air Canada Now part of Air Canada.[78]
Canada Air Nova
1997
2001
Canada Air Canada Now known as Air Canada Express, a subsidiary of Air Canada.[79]
Japan Air Next
2004
2010
Japan All Nippon Airways Now part of ANA Wings, a subsidiary of ANA.[80]
Japan Air Nippon
1999
2012
Japan All Nippon Airways Merged with ANA Wings.[80]
Canada Air Ontario
1997
2001
Canada Air Canada Branded as Air Canada Express, a subsidiary of Air Canada.[79]
Finland Blue1
2012
2015
Sweden
Norway Scandinavian Airlines
Denmark		 Now part of Cityjet after ceasing operations.[48][71]
Poland Centralwings
2004
2009
Poland LOT Polish Airlines Now part of LOT Polish Airlines, ceased operations.[81]
Northern Cyprus Cyprus Turkish Airlines
2008
2010
Turkey Turkish Airlines Now part of Turkish Airlines after going bankrupt.[82]
Switzerland Darwin Airline
2004
2017
Slovenia Adria Airways Went bankrupt after its licence was voided.
Democratic Republic of the Congo Korongo Airlines
2009
2015
Belgium Brussels Airlines Now part of Brussels Airlines after not gaining enough traction.[83]
Austria Lauda Air
2000
2013
Austria Austrian Airlines Replaced by Austrian Airlines operations, now known as Austrian myHoliday.[84]
Italy Lufthansa Italia
2009
2011
Germany Lufthansa Now part of Lufthansa.[85]
United States United Shuttle
1997
2001
United States United Airlines Became part of United Airlines.[86]
Switzerland Swiss Global Air Lines
2007
2018
Switzerland Swiss International Air Lines Operations now folded into Swiss International Air Lines after being dissolved
Switzerland Swiss Private Aviation
2007
2011
Switzerland Swiss International Air Lines Absorbed into Swiss International Air Lines.[87]
Singapore Tigerair
2003
2017
Singapore Singapore Airlines Merged with Scoot under Scoot brand.[88]
Austria Tyrolean Airways
2000
2015
Austria Austrian Airlines Now part of Austrian Airlines.[89]
Canada ZIP
2002
2004
Canada Air Canada Absorbed into Air Canada.[90]
United States TED
2004
2009
United States United Airlines Became part of United Airlines.[91]

Customer service

Codeshare flights of Star Alliance airlines are consistent. This cooperation led to suspicions of anti-competitive behavior; the alliance was suspected by the European Union of being a virtual merger of its members, and speculation existed that if government regulations were relaxed the members would merge into one corporation.[92]

Star Alliance developed a "regional" concept in 2004, which helped it penetrate markets with participation by smaller regional carriers. Regional Star Alliance members had to be sponsored by an alliance member. The alliance no longer designates airlines as "regional" members, now referring to its 27 airlines as "members".[93]

In 2007, alliance members flew 18,521 daily flights to 1,321 airports in 193 countries with a fleet of 4,025 aircraft. Its members carried a total of 627.52 million passengers, with revenue of US$156.8 billion (€145 billion). It had 28 percent of the global market based on revenue passenger kilometers (RPK), greater than the combined market share of all airlines not in one of the three major alliances. All alliance carriers combined employed over 405,000 pilots, flight attendants, and other staff.

Member hubs

Members Hubs Focus cities
Adria Airways Slovenia Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport[94] N/A
Aegean Airlines Greece Athens International Airport
Greece Thessaloniki International Airport
Cyprus Larnaca International Airport[95]		 Greece Chania International Airport
Greece Corfu International Airport
Greece Heraklion International Airport
Greece Kalamata International Airport
Greece Rhodes International Airport[95]
Air Canada Canada Calgary International Airport
Canada Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport
Canada Toronto Pearson International Airport
Canada Vancouver International Airport[96]		 Canada Halifax Stanfield International Airport
Canada Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport
Air China China Beijing Capital International Airport
China Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport
China Shanghai Pudong International Airport[97]		 China Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport
China Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport
China Hohhot Baita International Airport
China Tianjin Binhai International Airport
Air India India Indira Gandhi International Airport
India Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport
 India Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport
India Chennai International Airport
India Kempegowda International Airport
India Rajiv Gandhi International Airport
India Cochin International Airport
India Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport
India Trivandrum International Airport
Air New Zealand New Zealand Auckland Airport
New Zealand Christchurch International Airport
New Zealand Wellington International Airport		 United States Los Angeles International Airport
Australia Sydney Airport
All Nippon Airways Japan Kansai International Airport
Japan Haneda Airport
Japan Narita International Airport
Japan Osaka International Airport		 Japan Chūbu Centrair International Airport
Japan New Chitose Airport
Asiana Airlines South Korea Incheon International Airport
South Korea Gimpo International Airport		 South Korea Gimhae International Airport
South Korea Jeju International Airport
Austrian Airlines Austria Vienna International Airport Austria Innsbruck Airport
Avianca Colombia El Dorado International Airport
El Salvador El Salvador International Airport
Peru Jorge Chávez International Airport		 Costa Rica Juan Santamaría International Airport
Ecuador Mariscal Sucre International Airport
Colombia Alfonso Bonilla Aragón International Airport
Colombia José María Córdova International Airport
Guatemala La Aurora International Airport
Nicaragua Augusto C. Sandino International Airport
United States Miami International Airport
Brazil São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport
Brussels Airlines Belgium Brussels Airport N/A
Copa Airlines Panama Tocumen International Airport
Colombia El Dorado International Airport
 Colombia José María Córdova International Airport
Colombia Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport
Costa Rica Juan Santamaría International Airport
Guatemala La Aurora International Airport
Nicaragua Augusto C. Sandino International Airport
Croatia Airlines Croatia Franjo Tuđman Airport Croatia Dubrovnik Airport
Croatia Split Airport
Croatia Zadar Airport
EgyptAir Egypt Cairo International Airport Egypt Borg El Arab Airport
Egypt Hurghada International Airport
Egypt Sharm El Sheikh International Airport
Ethiopian Airlines Ethiopia Bole International Airport N/A
EVA Air Taiwan Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport Taiwan Kaohsiung International Airport
Thailand Suvarnabhumi Airport
LOT Polish Airlines Poland Warsaw Chopin Airport Poland Copernicus Airport Wrocław
Poland John Paul II International Airport Kraków-Balice
Lufthansa Germany Frankfurt Airport
Germany Munich Airport		 Germany Düsseldorf Airport
Austria Vienna Airport
Switzerland Zurich Airport[98]
Scandinavian Airlines Denmark Copenhagen Airport
Norway Oslo Gardermoen Airport
Sweden Stockholm Arlanda Airport		 Norway Bergen Airport, Flesland
Sweden Göteborg Landvetter Airport
Norway Stavanger Airport, Sola
Norway Trondheim Airport, Værnes
Finland Helsinki Airport
Shenzhen Airlines China Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport China Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport
China Nanjing Lukou International Airport
China Nanning Wuxu International Airport
China Shenyang Taoxian International Airport
China Sunan Shuofang International Airport
Singapore Airlines Singapore Singapore Changi Airport N/A
South African Airways South Africa O.R. Tambo International Airport South Africa Cape Town International Airport
Swiss International Air Lines Switzerland Zürich Airport Switzerland Geneva Airport
TAP Air Portugal Portugal Lisbon Portela Airport
Portugal Porto Airport		 Portugal Cristiano Ronaldo International Airport
Thai Airways Thailand Suvarnabhumi Airport Thailand Chiang Mai International Airport
South Korea Incheon International Airport
Thailand Phuket International Airport
Turkish Airlines Turkey Istanbul Atatürk Airport TurkeyAdnan Menderes Airport
Turkey Antalya Airport
Turkey Esenboğa International Airport
Turkey Sabiha Gökçen International Airport
United Airlines Guam Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport
United States Denver International Airport
United States George Bush Intercontinental Airport
United States Los Angeles International Airport
United States Newark Liberty International Airport
United States O'Hare International Airport
United States San Francisco International Airport
United States Washington Dulles International Airport		 Germany Frankfurt Airport
Hong Kong Hong Kong International Airport
United Kingdom Heathrow Airport
Japan Narita International Airport[99]

Co-location at airports (under one roof)

Overhead view of airport terminal, with planes at the gate and on the tarmac
Star Alliance members Scandinavian Airlines, Lufthansa, Austrian Airlines (with Star Alliance livery), and Air China (in the field) using Terminal 3E of Beijing Capital International Airport as part of the "Move Under One Roof" program to co-locate alliance members
City Airport IATA Terminal Exceptions
Barcelona Barcelona–El Prat Airport BCN Terminal 1
Beijing Beijing Capital International Airport PEK Terminal 3(E)
Cairo Cairo International Airport CAI Terminal 3
Chongqing Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport CKG Terminal 3[100]
Delhi Indira Gandhi International Airport DEL Terminal 3
Dublin Dublin Airport DUB Terminal 1 United Airlines (Terminal 2)
Frankfurt Frankfurt Airport FRA Terminal 1 "Star Alliance Terminal"
Guangzhou Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport CAN Terminal 1 Singapore Airlines, Thai Airways (Terminal 2)
Hong Kong Hong Kong International Airport HKG Terminal 1 Thai Airways (Terminal 2)
London London Heathrow Airport LHR Terminal 2 ( The Queen's Terminal) "Star Alliance Terminal"
Manchester, UK Manchester Airport MAN Terminal 1 (Lufthansa, Austrian Airlines, Scandinavian Airlines, Aegean Airlines, Turkish Airlines and Brussels Airlines) Singapore Airlines, United Airlines and Air Canada Rouge (Terminal 2)

Adria Airways (Terminal 3)

Mexico City Benito Juárez International Airport MEX Terminal 1 Copa Airlines (Terminal 2)
Miami Miami International Airport MIA Concourse J United Airlines (Concourse G)
Munich Munich Airport MUC Terminal 2 Turkish Airlines (Terminal 1)
Moscow Domodedovo International Airport DME Concourse A Adria Airways, Air China, Ethiopian Airlines and Scandinavian Airlines at (Sheremetyevo Airport)
Turkish Airlines at (Vnukovo Airport)
Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport CDG Terminal 1 Adria Airways, Austrian Airlines, Croatia Airlines (Terminal 2D)
Air Canada and Ethiopian Airlines (Terminal 2A)
Air India (Terminal 2C)
Phuket Phuket International Airport HKT Terminal 1 Thai Airways International (partially in Terminal 2)
São Paulo São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport GRU Terminal 3 Avianca and Copa Airlines (Terminal 2)
Seoul Incheon International Airport ICN Terminal 1
Shanghai Shanghai Pudong International Airport PVG Terminal 2
Stockholm Stockholm-Arlanda Airport ARN Terminal 5 Scandinavian Airlines domestic flights (Terminal 4)
Taipei Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport TPE Terminal 2 Thai Airways International (Terminal 1)
Tokyo Narita International Airport NRT Terminal 1 – South Wing Air India (Terminal 2)
Toronto Toronto Pearson International Airport YYZ Terminal 1
Vienna Vienna International Airport VIE Austrian Star Alliance Terminal (Check-in 3)[101] Aegean Airlines and Turkish Airlines (Check-in 1)

Premiums

Star Alliance has two premium levels (Silver and Gold), based on a customer's status in a member's frequent-flyer program. Member and regional airlines recognize Star Silver and Gold status, with a few exceptions mostly pertaining to airport lounge access. Membership is based on the frequent-flyer programs of the individual airlines. Many members have a premium status beyond Gold, which is not recognized across the alliance.

Star Alliance Silver

Star Alliance Silver status is given to customers who have reached a premium level of a member carrier's frequent-flyer program. Benefits are priority reservation wait-listing and airport stand-by. Some airlines also offer priority airport check-in, baggage handling and boarding; preferred seating; an additional checked-luggage allowance, and waived fees for two checked bags.

Star Alliance Gold

Star Alliance Gold status is given to customers who have reached a higher level of a member airline's frequent-flyer program. Benefits are priority reservations wait-listing, airport stand-by and check-in and baggage handling; an additional checked luggage allowance of 20 kg (or one extra piece, where the piece rule applies), and access to designated Star Alliance Gold lounges the day and place of departure with the presentation of a Star Alliance boarding pass. Some airlines also offer preferred seating (an exit seat or a special section of the plane); guaranteed seating on fully booked flights, subject to the booking class code and notice period, and free upgrades in the form of a voucher, certificate or automatic upgrade at check-in. United restricts US lounge access for their Gold Members to long-haul international passengers; Gold members from other carriers are welcome in US lounges run by United on all itineraries.

Qualifying tiers by airline

Member airline Mileage program Star Silver
(qualifying tiers)		 Star Gold
(qualifying tiers)
Adria
Austrian Airlines
Brussels Airlines
Croatia Airlines
LOT Polish Airlines
Lufthansa
Swiss International Air Lines		 Miles & More Frequent Traveller Senator
HON Circle
Aegean Airlines Miles+Bonus Silver Gold
Air Canada Aeroplan/Air Canada Altitude[102] Prestige 25K
Elite 35K		 Elite 50K
Elite 75K
Super Elite 100K
Air China
Shenzhen Airlines		 Phoenix Miles Silver Gold
Platinum
Air India Flying Returns Silver Edge Club Golden Edge Club
The Maharajah Club[103]
Air New Zealand Airpoints Silver Gold
Elite
All Nippon Airways ANA Mileage Club Bronze Super Flyers
Diamond
Platinum
Asiana Airlines Asiana Club Gold Diamond
Diamond Plus
Platinum
Avianca LifeMiles Silver Gold
Diamond
Cenit
Avianca Brazil Amigo Silver Gold
Diamond
Copa Airlines ConnectMiles Silver Gold
Platinum
Presidential Platium
EgyptAir EgyptAir Plus Silver Gold
Platinum
Ethiopian Airlines Sheba Miles Silver Club Gold Club
EVA Air Infinity MileageLands Infinity MileageLands Silver Infinity MileageLands Gold
Infinity MileageLands Diamond
Scandinavian Airlines EuroBonus Silver Gold
Diamond
Pandion
Singapore Airlines KrisFlyer Elite Silver Elite Gold
PPS Club
Solitaire PPS Club
South African Airways Voyager Silver Gold
Platinum
TAP Air Portugal Victoria Silver Gold
Thai Airways International Royal Orchid Plus Silver Gold, Platinum
Turkish Airlines Miles & Smiles Classic Plus Elite
Elite Plus
United Airlines MileagePlus Premier Silver Premier Gold
Premier Platinum
Premier 1K
Global Services

Some Star Alliance members paint some of their aircraft with the alliance livery, usually a white fuselage with "Star Alliance" across it and a black tail fin with the alliance logo; the color or design of the engine cowlings or winglets remains, depending on the member's livery. Singapore Airlines is the only exception, formerly keeping its own logo on the tails of its aircraft but now using the Star Alliance logo on white tails. Asiana Airlines was the first Star Alliance member to paint its aircraft in the current Star Alliance livery.[104] Aircraft painted in an airline's regular livery have the Star Alliance logo between the cockpit and the first set of cabin doors.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Star Alliance Facts & Figures". Star Alliance. July 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  2. ↑ "Star Alliance Facts and Figures – Star Alliance Employees". portal.staralliance.com.
  3. 1 2 "Impressum". Star Alliance. Archived from the original on 2015-10-17. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
  4. 1 2 "Star Alliance Management". www.staralliance.com.
  5. ↑ "SkyTeam Alliance | About Us | SkyTeam". www.skyteam.com. Retrieved 2018-07-22.
  6. ↑ "Network and Operations – Marketing, Financial, Corporate". www.oneworld.com. Retrieved 2018-07-22.
  7. 1 2 3 Bryant, Adam (14 May 1997). "United and 4 Others to Detail Air Alliance Today". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  8. 1 2 Tagliabue, John (15 May 1997). "5 Airlines Extend Limits of Alliances". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  9. ↑ Meredith, Robyn (15 May 1997). "Airline Alliance Picks Y.& R." The New York Times. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  10. ↑ "5 Airlines In 'Global Branding' Alliance". Bloomberg News. nwsource.com. 14 May 1997. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  11. ↑ "Star Alliance Welcomes New Members of the Team" (PDF). SAS. SAS Press Release. 3 May 1999. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
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