General aviation

General aviation aircraft at Cheb Airport

General aviation (GA) is all civil aviation operations other than scheduled air services and non-scheduled air transport operations for remuneration or hire.[1] General aviation flights range from gliders and powered parachutes to rotorcraft and corporate business jets. The majority of the world's air traffic falls into this category, and most of the world's airports serve general aviation exclusively.[2]

General aviation covers a large range of activities, both commercial and non-commercial, including flying clubs, flight training, agricultural aviation, light aircraft manufacturing and maintenance. It includes recreational flying for sport or pleasure, as well as aircraft homebuilding[3] and aviation for means of philanthropy.[4][5]

Globally

The GA Cessna 172 is the most produced aircraft in history[6]
The Cirrus SR22, a popular modern GA aircraft
General aviation aircraft at Helsinki-Malmi Airport, Finland
The General Aviation Terminal at Raleigh-Durham International Airport

Europe

In 2003 the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) was established as the central EU regulator, taking over responsibility for legislating airworthiness and environmental regulation from the national authorities.[7]

United Kingdom

Of the 21,000 civil aircraft registered in the UK,[8] 96 percent are engaged in GA operations, and annually the GA fleet accounts for between 1.25 and 1.35 million hours flown. There are 28,000 Private Pilot Licence holders, and 10,000 certified glider pilots. Some of the 19,000 pilots who hold professional licences are also engaged in GA activities. GA operates from more than 1,800 airports and landing sites or aerodromes, ranging in size from large regional airports to farm strips.

GA is regulated by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), although regulatory powers are being increasingly transferred to the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). The main focus is on standards of airworthiness and pilot licensing, and the objective is to promote high standards of safety.

In North America

General aviation is particularly popular in North America, with over 6,300 airports available for public use by pilots of general aviation aircraft (around 5,200 airports in the U.S., and over 1,000 in Canada[9]). In comparison, scheduled flights operate from around 560 airports in the U.S.[10] According to the U.S. Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, general aviation provides more than one percent of the United States' GDP, accounting for 1.3 million jobs in professional services and manufacturing.[11]

Regulation and safety

Most countries have authorities that oversee all civil aviation, including general aviation, adhering to the standardized codes of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Examples include the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in the United States, the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) in the United Kingdom, Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe (CAAZ) in Zimbabwe, the Luftfahrt-Bundesamt (LBA) in Germany, the Bundesamt für Zivilluftfahrt in Switzerland, Transport Canada in Canada, the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) in Australia, the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) in India and Iran Civil Aviation Organization in Iran.

Aviation accident rate statistics are necessarily estimates. According to the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board, in 2005 general aviation in the United States (excluding charter) suffered 1.31 fatal accidents for every 100,000 hours of flying in that country, compared to 0.016 for scheduled airline flights.[12] In Canada, recreational flying accounted for 0.7 fatal accidents for every 1000 aircraft, while air taxi accounted for 1.1 fatal accidents for every 100,000 hours.[13] More experienced GA pilots appear generally safer, although the relations between flight hours, accident frequency, and accident rates are complex and often difficult to assess.[14][15][16]

See also

Associations

References

  1. ↑ "Glossary". Transport Canada. 14 March 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  2. ↑ iaopa.org, "What is GA?" Archived 20 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved 17 November 2012
  3. ↑ Crane, Dale: Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, third edition, pp. 238–239. Aviation Supplies & Academics, 1997. ISBN 1-56027-287-2
  4. ↑ "Guide to Charitable/Nonprofit/Community event sightseeing flights". AOPA. Retrieved September 24, 2018.
  5. ↑ "Aviation Charities". Flying. April 2009. Retrieved September 24, 2018.
  6. ↑ Robert Goyer (January 19, 2012). "Cessna 172: Still Relevant". Retrieved September 21, 2018.
  7. ↑ "5". Strategic Review of General Aviation in the UK (PDF). CAA. July 2006. pp. 52–53, paras. 5.18–5.24. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  8. ↑ "UK Registered Aircraft January 2010" (PDF). CAA. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  9. ↑ Nav Canada: Canada Flight Supplement - Canada and North Atlantic Terminal and Enroute Data Nav Canada, 2010.
  10. ↑ FAA Administrator's Fact Book (PDF). U.S. Department of Transportation. March 2010. p. 16.
  11. ↑ AOPA USA's General Aviation website Archived 14 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine..
  12. ↑ "NTSB accident rates by flying category" (PDF). Ntsb.gov. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  13. ↑ "Aviation Safety Program Manual for the Civil Aviation Directorate". Tc.gc.ca. 2015-12-31. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  14. ↑ Knecht, WR (2012). DOT/FAA/AM-12/15 "Predicting general aviation accident frequency from pilot total flight hours" (Technical Report). Washington, D.C.: Federal Aviation Administration.
  15. ↑ Knecht, WR (2015). "The 'killing zone' revisited: Serial nonlinearities predict general aviation accident rates from pilot total flight hours". Accident Analysis & Prevention, 60, 50–56.
  16. ↑ Knecht, WR (2015). DOT/FAA/AM-15/3 "Predicting accident rates from general aviation pilot total flight hours" (Technical Report). Washington, D.C.: Federal Aviation Administration.
  • International Aircraft Owners and Pilots Associations
  • European General Aviation Safety Team (EGAST)
  • "No Plane No Gain" site about business aviation
  • Save-GA.org Site concerned with General Aviation in the United States
  • "GA price index". Flight International. 13 Oct 1979.
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