List of active separatist movements in Asia

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Asia. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

  1. They are active movements with current, active members.
  2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
  3. They are the citizen/peoples of the conflict area and not comes from other country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

Azerbaijan

Breakaway state:

 Artsakh

Bangladesh

Chittagong Hill Tracts

Bangabhumi (বঙ্গভূমি)

Burma/Myanmar

Arakan

  • Ethnic group: Rakhine
    • Proposed state: [[Rakhine State|Arakan Federation][Freedom from Burma (Myanmar)]
    • Advocacy group: Arakan Independence Alliance[Arakan Army]

Zo Asia

Kachin

  • Ethnic group: Kachin
    • Proposed state: Kachinland
    • Political party: Kachin National Organization

Kawthoolei

Karenni

Kokang

Mon State

Northern Arakan (Rohang State)

Shan States

Wa State

Zale'n-gam

Zogam

  • Ethnic group: Zomi
    • Proposed state: Republic of Zogam or Federated State of Zomi
    • Political parties: Zomi National Congress, Zomi Reunification Organization
    • Militant organisations: Zomi National Front/Army, Zomi Revolutionary Army,
    • Advocacy group: Global Zomi Alliance
    • Government in exile: Republic of Zogam

Cyprus

Self-declared state:

 Northern Cyprus

China

The China People's Republic of China (China, PRC) considers itself the sole legitimate state representing China. The PRC's territory consists of Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau. The PRC also claims the ROC-controlled area to be its territory. The PRC established the Special Administrative Region in Hong Kong and Macau under one country, two systems policy.

The Taiwan Republic of China (Taiwan, ROC) also identifies itself as the sole legitimate state representing China. The ROC's territory consists of the island of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and nearby islands. The ROC also constitutionally claims the PRC-controlled area to be its territory.

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Tibet

Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region

 Hong Kong Special Administrative Region[7][8]

Georgia

Breakaway states:

Abkhazia

 South Ossetia

Proposed autonomous movements:

Armenia Armenians in Samtskhe-Javakheti

India

Kashmir

Khalistan


Nagaland

Tripura

Manipur

Assam

Bodoland

Kamtapur

Indonesia

Aceh

  • Proposed state: Republic of Aceh
    • Militant organisation: Free Aceh Movement (negotiated peace with the Indonesian government in 2005, and now it is a civil movement, but the separatism still has supporters)

Kalimantan

South Moluccas

Minahasa[17][18]

  • Proposed state: Gerakan Kemerdekaan Minahasa

West Papua

Riau

  • Proposed state: Riau
    • Advocacy group: Gerakan Riau Merdeka[19]

Iran

Azerbaijan (Iran)

Turkmen Sahra

Khūzestān

Iranian Kurdistan

Balochistan

Iraq

See: Minorities in Iraq

Proposed states:

 Kurdistan

 Assyria

Turkmeneli

Sinjar

Japan

Hokkaido[23][24]

  • Ethnic group: Ainu
    • Proposed state: Republic of Ainu
    • Political parties: Ainu Party (アイヌ民族党, Ainu minzoku tō)
    • Political group: Ainu independence movement

Okinawa

Laos

ChaoFa

Member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization

Malaysia

Sarawak Sarawak[25][26]

  • Proposed state: Sarawak
  • Advocacy group: Borneo Heritage Foundation (BHF), Sarawak Association of People's Aspirations (SAPA), Sarawak Sovereignty Movement, Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia (SSKM), Sarawak Liberation Movement[25][27]

Sabah Sabah[25][26]

Nepal

Madhesh

Pakistan

Balochistan[30]

Sindh[31]

Gilgit-Baltistan

Palestine

See: International recognition of Palestine/currently mostly occupied by Israel as part of the Palestinian territories

State of Judea

Philippines

Bangsamoro Region

Cordillera Administrative Region

National Capital Region

Russia

Siberian regionalism

 Sakha Republic

Tuva

  • Ethnic group: Tuvans
  • Proposed state: Tuva
    • Political parties: People's Party of Sovereign Tuva, People's Front "Free Tuva"

Sri Lanka

 Tamil Eelam

Syria

Rojava

Proposed states:

As-Suwayda

Aram

 Assyria

Syrian Turkmen

Tajikistan

Badakhshan

  • Ethnic group: Pamiri
    • Proposed state: United Badakhshan Peoples Republic[45]
    • Political party: Lali Badakhshon[45]

Thailand

Patani

Turkey

Northern Kurdistan[47]

Vietnam

South Vietnam South Vietnam

  • Ethnic group: The Vietnamese hated the communist regime

Uzbekistan

Karakalpakstan

Yemen

South Yemen

Hadhramaut

See also

References

  1. ↑ "The Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam". tgte-us.org. Archived from the original on 21 September 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
  2. ↑ ""Inner Mongolian People's Party" and the basic facts about its key members". Southern Mongolian Human Rights Information Center. Archived from the original on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2009.
  3. ↑ "モンゴル自由連盟党". Archived from the original on 26 July 2010. Retrieved 22 November 2010. (JP)
  4. ↑ "Speech of His Holiness the Dalai Lama to the European Parliament, Strasbourg". The Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. 14 October 2001. Archived from the original on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2009.
  5. ↑ "INTERNATIONAL TIBET INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT". International Tibet Independence Movement. Archived from the original on 16 April 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2009.
  6. ↑ "Al-Qaeda and Islamic State Take Aim at China. Why have both groups turned their attention to Beijing?". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
  7. ↑ "HK 'Independence' party slammed, could cause trouble in the region". Global Times. Archived from the original on 26 November 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  8. ↑ "Determined". The Economist. Archived from the original on 9 December 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  9. ↑ "Index". hkfront.org. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
  10. ↑ "South Ossetia, former part of Georgia, to hold 'special' referendum to join Russia". RT. 20 February 2016. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  11. ↑ "Russia's Javakhk Diaspora demands autonomous region status for Samtskhe-Javakhk". Times.am. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
  12. ↑ "US State Department and Javakhk: The WikiLeaks Cables Part I". Asbarez. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  13. ↑ "Perhatian Buruk! Warga Perbatasan Ancam Kibarkan Bendera Malaysia" (in Indonesian). Tribun News. 4 August 2011. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  14. ↑ "Duh, WNI di Perbatasan Ancam Gabung ke Malaysia" (in Indonesian). I Today. 1 May 2012. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  15. ↑ "Sejumlah Kecamatan Perbatasan Ingin Gabung Malaysia" (in Indonesian). JPNN. 11 May 2011. Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  16. ↑ "Warga Sebatik Ingin Gabung ke Malaysia, NKRI Diambang Kehancuran?" (in Indonesian). Jawaban News. 12 May 2011. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  17. ↑ "Minahasa Nationalism". Indonesia Matters. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  18. ↑ "Christian Sulawesi (Minahasa) seeks independence from Muslim Indonesia". Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  19. ↑ Basista, Ronny. "Tabrani Rab dan Gerakan Riau Merdeka". —. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  20. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  21. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 August 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2010. National Libration [sic] Movement of Ahwaz
  22. ↑ "Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan". Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan. Archived from the original on 1 April 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2009.
  23. ↑ Donahue, Chris. "FULFORD: An Independent Movement Has Started in Japan's Northern Island of Hokkaido >> Four Winds 10 – Truth Winds". fourwinds10.net. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
  24. ↑ Legendre, Joel (7 February 2010). "Asian Gazette Blog ✍ Joël Legendre-Koizumi: Ainu claim independence to Prime Minister Hatoyama". Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
  25. 1 2 3 4 "Group draws up self determination petition for Sarawak and Sabah". Borneo Post. 13 August 2014. Archived from the original on 12 November 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  26. 1 2 "Many in Sabah, Sarawak don't want to be part of Malaysia, claims analyst". The Rakyat Post. 16 February 2014. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  27. 1 2 "Sabahan secession instigator unfazed by impending probe". The Star. 6 September 2014. Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  28. ↑ "Madhesis in Nepal to continue protests till next election, says separatist leader". Catch News. 3 February 2016. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
  29. ↑ "Nepal Terrorist Groups – Madheshi Armed Outfits". satp.org. Archived from the original on 15 September 2017. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
  30. ↑ "Baloch Voice – Beginner SEO Blog & Tips". balochvoice.com. Archived from the original on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
  31. ↑ Bansal, Alok. "Violent Sindhi nationalism raises its head again". South Asia Monitor. Archived from the original on 23 November 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  32. ↑ Regelado, Edith (4 November 2014). "MILF organizing political party for 2016 and beyond". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on 1 December 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
  33. ↑ Pike, John. "Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG)". FAS Intelligence Resource Program. Archived from the original on 4 May 2006. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  34. ↑ Chido, Diane. "Intel Brief: The Abu Sayyaf model". International Relations and Security Network. International Relations and Security Network. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  35. 1 2 "BIFF, Abu Sayyaf pledge allegiance to Islamic State jihadists". GMA News. Agence France-Presse. 16 August 2014. Archived from the original on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  36. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  37. 1 2 Sabillo, Kristine Angeli (20 February 2015). "BIFF only wants Islamic state". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  38. ↑ "Cordillera Solons expressed views on regional autonomy". National Economic and Development Authority – Cordillera Administrative Region. 12 August 2013. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
  39. ↑ Ponciano, Mark Allen (24 March 2017). "Cordi autonomy bill filed as HB 5343". National Economic and Development Authority – Cordillera Administrative Region. Archived from the original on 19 July 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  40. ↑ Dumlao, Artemio (11 February 2014). "Autonomy movement revived in Cordillera". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  41. ↑ Dumlao, Artemio (31 January 2013). "Rebels still dream of Cordillera's autonomy". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on 3 October 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  42. ↑ Bitog, Rubyloida (21 April 2013). "Elders unite Bodong factions". Sun Star Baguio. Archived from the original on 6 October 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  43. ↑ "QC mayor Bautista seeks 'independent Metro Manila state'". Rappler. 17 August 2017. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  44. ↑ "STATEMENT ON DECLARATION OF SHAN STATE INDEPENDENCE Boxun News". peacehall.com. Archived from the original on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
  45. 1 2 "Roots of the Conflict". El Gringo. Archived from the original on 23 October 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2009.
  46. ↑ "Pattani United Liberation Organization (PULO)". GlobalSecurity.org. Archived from the original on 10 March 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2009.
  47. ↑ Pike, John (21 May 2004). "Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)". Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 28 April 2008. Retrieved 23 July 2008.
  48. ↑ "Tường trình về các hoạt động cho VNCH trở lại. (access to Vietnamese)". Nguoi Viet Online. 2017-11-02. Retrieved 2018-09-07.
  49. ↑ "Uzbekistan: Shadowy Group Agitates For 'Free Karakalpakstan'". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 5 April 2008. Archived from the original on 17 February 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2009.
  50. ↑ "Five killed at secessionist protest in south Yemen". London: BBC. 25 November 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2009.
  51. ↑ The New Arab. "GCC: Aden-based Southern Transitional Council 'doomed to fail'". alaraby.co.uk. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  52. ↑ The New Arab. "Banished Aden governor forms independent 'South Yemen' council". alaraby.co.uk. Archived from the original on 11 May 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  53. ↑ Saudi Research & Marketing (uk) Ltd. "Thirty Southern Figures Reject Transitional Council in Aden – ASHARQ AL-AWSAT English". Asharq Al-Awsat. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  54. ↑ "Yemen's Beleaguered Al Mahrah Seeks Autonomy". Archived from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  55. ↑ "Revolution in Socotra – Middle East Research and Information Project". merip.org. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  56. ↑ "Yemen Times [ Offline ]". yementimes.com. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
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