List of active separatist movements in Africa

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Africa. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

  1. They are active movements with living, active members.
  2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
  3. They are the citizen/inhabitants of the conflict area and do not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

Algeria

  • Ethnic group: Kabyle people[1]
    • Proposed state: Republic of Kabylia (Berber language: Tagduda Taqbaylit).
    • Official flag of Kabylia:
    • Government-in-exile: Provisional Government of Kabylia (ANAVAD AQVAYLI UΣTIL).[2]
    • Movement leader: Ferhat Mehenni.[3]
    • Political party: Kabylian Movement for Self-Determination (Mak-Anavad).[4]

Angola

  • Ethnic group: Lunda-Tchokwé people
  • Proposed state: Democratic Republic of Lunda-Tchokwé (República Democrática da Lunda-Tchokwé) (RDLT)
  • Government-in-exile: Partido Democrático da Defesa do Estado Lunda-Tchokwé (PDDELT)
  • Claimant group: Manifesto Jurídico Sociológico do Povo Lunda-Tchokwé (MJSPL), also an Advocacy group
  • Political party: Partido Democrático da Defesa do Estado Lunda-Tchokwé (PDDELT)
  • Traditional Kingdom: Lunda-Tchokwe Kingdom
  • Status: Juridical Fight on ICC
  • Leaders: Dr. Jota Filipe Malakito (The Founder Leader)
  • Movements: Mulher Unida da Lunda-Tchokwé (MULT), Pioneiros Unidos da Lunda-Tchokwé (PULT), Juventude Unida da Lunda-Tchokwé(JULT)
  • News Broadcast: www.diariodomanifestojuridicosociologicodopovolundes.com
  • Vindicating area: The Forgotten Portuguese Protectorate of Lunda (The entire East Part of current Angola) or current North-Lunda, South-Lunda, Moxico and Kuando-Kubango
  • Extension Vindicating area: 602.709 Km2
  • Population: 2.692.723 ( Since the 2014 )

Cabinda

Cameroon

Southern Cameroons/Former British Southern Cameroons/Ambazonia

  • Separatist group: The Anglophones or two English Speaking (North West and South West) regions of Cameroons with over 80 ethnic groups
    • Population: 8 million people.
    • Proposed state: The Federal Republic of Ambazonia[6]
    • Pressure group: Southern Cameroons Independence Restoration Movement
    • Militant organization: Ambazonia Defence Forces (ADF), Ambazonia Tigers, Southern Cameroons Defence Forces (SOCADEF), Boki Local Self Defense group

Ambazonia (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization and Organization of Emerging African States)

Central African Republic

Northern Muslim regions

Comoros

  • Anjouan
  • Ethnic group:
    • Proposed state: Anjouan
    • Political parties: Anjouan People's Movement, Mouvement Populaire Anjouanais, Mawana[11]
  • Mohéli
  • Ethnic group:
    • Proposed state: Democratic Republic of Mwali[12]

Republic of the Congo

  • South Congo (Brazzaville)
    • Pressure group: Provisional Assembly and governance of the State of South Congo
    • Proposed state: State of South Congo[13][14]
  • Loango

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Equatorial Guinea

Bioko

Ethiopia

France

Secessionist movements:
  • Mayotte continues to have autonomist movements despite the island having voted to become France's 101st department in 2011.[20]

Kenya

Libya

Proposed states:

 Cyrenaica

  • Ethnic group: Libyan
    • Proposed autonomous area: Semi-autonomous "State of Cyrenaica"
    • Political Groups: Movement for Federal Libya, National Union Party, Cyrenaica Youth Movement
    • Senior Leaders: Dr. Abubakr Buera, Mr.Faraj Kezza, Dr.Azza Huwati, Ms.Najat Obedi, Mr. Mohamed Buisir, Mr. Ahmad Sannusi, Ms.Sarah Ali
    • Youth Leaders: Fathi Agori, Enas AlJazwi, Muheddine Mansuri, Osama Buera, Essa Arabi, Zeid Erragas, Mohamed Ali, Mustafa Orefy, Mabrooka Najm

 Toubouland

Mali

Azawad

Mauritius

Morocco

Rif

  • Ethnic group: Riffian
    • Proposed state: Rif
    • Political party: RIM
    • Militant organisation(s): RIM
  • Rif Independence Movement – occurred in Morocco during the 1920s,[25][26] and was revitalized in 2013.[27] Rif Independence Movement is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States.[27]

Namibia

Caprivi

Niger

Agadez

Nigeria

Biafra

Rwanda

Senegal

Casamance

Somalia

 Somaliland

South Africa

Boer/Afrikaner homeland

KwaZulu Natal

Cape Republic

South Sudan

Nuerland

Spain

 Canary Islands (Main article: Canarian nationalism)

Sudan

Darfur

Eastern Front

Tanzania

Zanzibar

Uganda

Buganda

Rwenzururu

Zambia

Barotse

  • Ethnic group: Lozi
    • Proposed state: Barotseland
    • Militant organization: Barotse Royal Establishment[39]

Zimbabwe

Matabeleland

  • Ethnic group: Matabele
    • Proposed state: Matabeleland, Mthwakazi Free State
    • Militant organization: Mthwakazi Liberation Front (M.L.F.)[40]
    • Political party: Matabeleland Freedom Party[41]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Grace Young. "Kabyle people". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  2. ↑ The 2nd Kabylian Movement for Self-Determination Congress (10 December 2011). "Kabylian Movement for Self-Determination Status" (Chapter VIII): Art. 19. 21. 22. 23.
  3. ↑ Ferhat Mehenni. "Blog". Mak-Anavad Leader Blog. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  4. ↑ MAK- Mouvement pour l'Autodétermination de la Kabylie. "Official Website".
  5. ↑ "Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
  6. ↑ Official Website of the Government of the Federal Republic of Ambazonia (2016). "Government of Ambazonia". Government of Ambazonia Official Website. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
  7. ↑ Government of Ambazonia Official Website (2016). "Government of Ambazonia". Government of Ambazonia.
  8. ↑ "Southern Cameroons National Council plans street protests to have activists freed". The Post News. 2005-11-27. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
  9. ↑ "Central African Republic rebels declare autonomous state in north". The Washington Post. 15 December 2015. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
  10. ↑ Chris Roth. "Springtime of Nations". Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  11. ↑ "MPA - Mouvement Populaire Anjouanais". MweziNet. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
  12. ↑ "World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Comoros : Overview". UNHCR. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
  13. ↑ "ETAT DU SUD CONGO". ETAT DU SUD CONGO. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  14. ↑ "(Congo-Brazzaville) Etat du Sud-Congo : drapeau, devise, armoiries et limites géographiques". Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  15. ↑ Patrick, André. "Site Officiel du Royaume Loango - Soyez les Bienvenus !". www.royaumeloango.org. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  16. ↑ "SPECIAL INQUIRY INTO THE BAS CONGO EVENTS OF FEBRUARY AND MARCH 2008" (PDF). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. May 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 30, 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-10.
  17. ↑ "United Republic of Kivu". Federation of Free States of Africa. Retrieved 2015-11-05.
  18. ↑ Iain Dalton (2008-11-19). "Democratic republic of Congo: Civil war erupts once again". The Socialist (UK). Retrieved 2009-04-12.
  19. ↑ "CASE N° GEQ/07 - MARCELO LOHOSO - EQUATORIAL GUINEA". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
  20. ↑ http://mayotte.rfo.fr/infos/dossiers/politique-quand-mayotte-deviendra-departement_1706.html
  21. ↑ http://theafricareport.com/index.php/20120517501811752/east-horn-africa/kenya-s-mombasa-republican-council%E2%80%A9-the-coast-calls-for-freedom-501811752.html
  22. ↑ Luc Torres. "The separatist map of Africa: interactive". the Guardian. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  23. ↑ In Fula: Fulɓe; in French: Peul
  24. ↑ "Cri de Liberté". Mathaba News Network. 2008-04-21. Archived from the original on 2015-06-19. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
  25. ↑ White Gypsies: Race and Stardom in Spanish Musical Films - Eva Woods Peiró. p. 46.
  26. ↑ What the Arabs think - William Roe Polk. p. 52.
  27. 1 2 "The Rif Independence Movement Joins OEAS". Scribd. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  28. ↑ "Caprivi Liberation Front". Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
  29. ↑ Forrest, Joshua B. (2003). Subnationalism in Africa: Ethnicity, Alliances, and Politics. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 188. ISBN 1-58826-227-8.
  30. ↑ "Voice of Biafra International". www.biafraland.com. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  31. ↑ "Why we want Oduduwa Republic?".
  32. ↑ "Mouvement des Forces Démocratiques du le Casamance (MFDC)". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
  33. ↑ "'Ek is wit en trots daarop'". Mail & Guardian. 2008-10-12. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
  34. ↑ Members: Afrikaner, Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  35. ↑ https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1969893/zwelithini-threatens-zulus-will-leave-sa-and-take-kzn-with-them/
  36. ↑ "An independent Western Cape? - OPINION - Politicsweb". www.politicsweb.co.za. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  37. ↑ "Cape Party still wants to 'free' Western Cape from rest of SA". Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  38. ↑ "Contagion of discontent: Muslim extremism spreads down east Africa coastline". The Economist. 3 November 2012.
  39. ↑ "Assessment for Lozi in Zambia". Minorities at Risk. Archived from the original on 2010-06-03. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
  40. ↑ "Bulawayo24 NEWS -". Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  41. ↑ "Matabeleland Freedom Party". Archived from the original on 19 March 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
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