List of active separatist movements in Oceania

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Oceania. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

1. They are active movements with living, active members.
2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
3. They are the citizen/peoples of the conflict area.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following (except for The United States which only has the last one):

• De facto state: for regions with de facto autonomy from the government
• Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state
• Proposed autonomous area: for movements toward greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession
  • De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region
  • Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control
  • Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession
  • Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations
  • Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities
  • Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s)

Australia

 Australia

• Ethnic group: Indigenous Australians
  • Proposed state: Various
  • Pressure groups: Aboriginal Tent Embassy, Murrawarri Republic

Torres Strait Islands

• Ethnic group: Torres Strait Islanders
  • Proposed state: Torres Strait Islands^[1][2][3]

 Norfolk Island

• Ethnic group: Norfolk Islanders
  • Proposed state: Norfolk Island

 Western Australia

• Proposed state: Western Australia

 Tasmania

• Proposed state: Tasmania
  • Pressure group: First Party of Tasmania

Chile

•  Rapa Nui (Easter Island)^[4][5]
  • Ethnic group: Rapa Nui

Fiji

Rotuma

• Ethnic group: Rotuman
  • Proposed state: Rotuma

France

•  French Polynesia
  • Political party: Tavini Huiraatira
• Moorea
  • Proposed state: Republic of Hau Pakumoto^[6]
•  New Caledonia
  • Political party: Kanak Socialist National Liberation Front (Caledonian Union, Party of Kanak Liberation), Kanak Socialist Liberation, Labour Party, Union of Pro-Independence Co-operation Committees, Renewed Caledonian Union
  • Proposed state: Kanaky

Indonesia

Aceh

• Proposed state: Republic of Aceh
  • Militant organisation: Free Aceh Movement (negotiated peace with the Indonesian government in 2005, and now it is a civil movement, but the separatism still has supporters)

Kalimantan

• Proposed state: Kalimantan Borneo or  Malaysia^{[7][8][9][10]}

South Moluccas

• Proposed state: South Moluccas
  • Government-in-exile: Republik Maluku Selatan (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Advocacy group: Maluku Sovereignty Front

Minahasa^[11][12]

• Proposed state: Gerakan Kemerdekaan Minahasa

West Papua

• Proposed state: Republic of West Papua or unification with  Papua New Guinea
• Militant organisation: Free Papua Movement

Riau

• Proposed state: Riau

West Timor

• Proposed state: unification with  East Timor

Kiribati

• Banaba Island^[13]

New Zealand

• Cook Islands
  • Proposed state: Sovereign Kingdom of the Cook Islands
  • Initiative by the Cook Islands Ariki which considers both the Cook Islands' previous status as a British protectorate and its current status as associated state of New Zealand to be illegitimate. Aims to set up the Cook Islands as a sovereign state independent of both the United Kingdom and New Zealand.^[14]
• Māori people
  • Main article: Māori protest movement
  • Political parties: Māori Party, Mana Party
  • Proposed state: Republic of New Zealand
• Nelson
  • Pressure groups: United Nelsonia^[15]
  • Proposed state: Nelsonia
• Ngāi Tūhoe (Māori iwi, northeastern North Island)
  • Proposed state: Tūhoe Nation
• Otago
  • Pressure groups: Otago Separatism Movement
  • Proposed state: Otago
• South Island
  • Main article: South Island nationalism
  • Political parties: South Island Party
  • Pressure groups: South Island Independence Movement^[16]
  • Proposed state: New Munster
  • Proposed autonomous region: New Munster Province

Papua New Guinea

•  Bougainville (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Political party: Bougainville Revolutionary Army^[17]
• Bougainville & Twin Kingdom of Papa'ala and Me'ekamui^[18]
  • Political group: Triune Government of Bougainville
•  New Ireland
  • Proposed autonomous province: New Ireland^[19]

United States

Hawaii

• Ethnic group: Native Hawaiians
  • Pressure groups (s): Nation of Hawaiʻi (organization), Office of Hawaiian Affairs, Ka Lāhui Hawaiʻi

(The purpose of these organizations and The Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement is to create Native Hawaiian nations within the State of Hawaii equal to Native American nations, or to obtain complete independence from the USA).

Vanuatu

• Malekula
  • Proposed state: N'Makiaute
• Northern islands
  • Proposed state: Federation Na Griamel

See also

• List of active separatist movements
• List of historical separatist movements

References