List of Internet top-level domains
This list of Internet top-level domain (TLD) extensions contains top-level domains, which are those domains in the DNS root zone of the Domain Name System of the Internet. The official list of all top-level domains is maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) at the Root Zone Database.[1][2] IANA also oversees the approval process for new proposed top-level domains. As of April 2018, the root domain contains 1543 top-level domains,[3] while a few have been retired and are no longer functional.
Types
IANA distinguishes the following groups of top-level domains:[4]
- infrastructure top-level domain (ARPA)
- generic top-level domains (gTLD)
- restricted generic top-level domains (grTLD)
- sponsored top-level domains (sTLD)
- country code top-level domains (ccTLD)
- test top-level domains (tTLD)
Original top-level domains
Seven generic top-level domains were created early in the development of the Internet, and predate the creation of ICANN in 1998.
- Name: DNS names
- Entity: intended use
- Notes: general remarks
- IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
- DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions
Name | Entity | Administrator[5] | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.com | commercial | Verisign | This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Though originally intended for use by for-profit business entities, for a number of reasons it became the "main" TLD for domain names and is currently used by all types of entities including nonprofits, schools, and private individuals. Domain name registrations may be successfully challenged if the holder cannot prove an outside relation justifying reservation of the name, to prevent "squatting". It was originally administered by the United States Department of Defense. | Yes | Yes |
.org | organization | Public Interest Registry | This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Originally intended for use by non-profit organizations, and still primarily used by some. | Yes | Yes |
.net | network | Verisign | This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Originally intended for use by domains pointing to a distributed network of computers, or "umbrella" sites that act as the portal to a set of smaller websites. | Yes | Yes |
.int | international organizations | Internet Assigned Numbers Authority | The .int TLD is strictly limited to organizations, offices, and programs endorsed by a treaty between two or more nations. However, a few grandfathered domains do not meet these criteria. | No | Yes |
.edu | education | Educause (via Verisign) | The .edu TLD is limited to specific higher educational institutions such as, but not limited to, trade schools and universities. In the U.S., its use was restricted in 2001 to post-secondary institutions accredited by an agency on the list of nationally recognized accrediting agencies. This domain is therefore almost exclusively used by American colleges and universities. Some institutions, such as the Exploratorium, that do not meet the current registration criteria have grandfathered domain names. | No | Yes |
.gov | U.S. national and state government agencies | General Services Administration (via Verisign) | The .gov TLD is limited to United States governmental entities and agencies as well as qualifying state, county and local municipal government agencies. | No | Yes |
.mil | U.S. military | United States Department of Defense | The .mil TLD is limited to use by the United States military. | No | Yes |
Infrastructure top-level domain
Infrastructure | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|
.arpa | "Address and Routing Parameter Area" | Originally assigned to the Advanced Research Projects Agency in the early days on the Internet, .arpa is now exclusively used as an Internet infrastructure TLD. | No | Yes |
Country code top-level domains
As of May 20, 2017, there were 255 Country code top-level domains. (For comparison, at the same time the United Nations comprised 193 countries.)
Name | DNS name of the two-letter country-code top-level domain. They follow ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, with some exceptions. |
Entity | Country, dependency, or region |
Explanation | Explanation of the code when it is not self-evident from the English name of the country. These are usually domains that arise from native name of the country (e.g. .de for Deutschland, German name for Germany). |
Notes | General remarks |
IDN | Support for internationalized domain names (IDN) |
DNSSEC | Presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions |
SLD | Allows second-level domain registration (restrictions may apply) |
IPv6 | Registry fully supports IPv6 access |
A
Name | Entity | Explanation | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | SLD | IPv6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.ac | Commonly used for academic websites, such as universities. However, .ac is not to be confused with the official academic domains used by several countries such as the United Kingdom (.ac.uk), India (.ac.in) or Indonesia (.ac.id). Also used in the accounting, consulting, and air-conditioning industries. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
.ad | Local trademark, trade name or citizenship required[6][7] | Yes | Yes | ||||
.ae | No | Yes | |||||
.af | Yes | Yes | |||||
.ag | Also unofficially used by German businesses (where AG is an abbreviation of Aktiengesellschaft) | Yes | Yes | ||||
.ai | Also unofficially used by tech companies specializing in AI (Artificial Intelligence) | No | Yes | ||||
.al | Citizenship no longer required | No | Yes | ||||
.am | Also unofficially used by AM radio stations, podcasts or related business | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
.an | Local presence required; Netherlands Antilles were dissolved on 10 October 2010. | No | Yes | ||||
.ao | No | Unknown | |||||
.aq | Antarctique | Defined by the Antarctic Treaty as everything south of latitude 60°S. AQ domain names are available to government organizations who are signatories to the Antarctic Treaty and to other registrants who have a physical presence in Antarctica. | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | |
.ar | Spanish[cctld 1] | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
.as | Also unofficially used by the Principality of Asturias, Spain | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
.at | Yes[cctld 2] | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
.au | Restrictions apply. In general, registrants must be Australian, and can be registered anywhere between 1 and 5 years.[8] Includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands. | No | Yes | No | Yes | ||
.aw | Aruba, West Indies | Restricted to registered Aruban companies, organisations and citizens | Yes | Yes | |||
.ax | .al, .an, .ad already allocated | Yes | Yes | ||||
.az | Yes | Yes |
B
Name | Entity | Explanation | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | SLD | IPv6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.ba | Yes | Yes | |||||
.bb | No | Yes | |||||
.bd | Yes | No | Yes | ||||
.be | Also unofficially used in the canton of Bern, Switzerland | Latin[9] | Yes | Yes | Yes[10] | ||
.bf | No | Yes | |||||
.bg | See also .бг for IDN ccTLD | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
.bh | Yes | Yes | |||||
.bi | Yes | Yes | |||||
.bj | Yes | Yes | |||||
.bl | Not in use | ||||||
.bm | Local corporate registration required | Yes | Yes | ||||
.bn | Yes | No | |||||
.bo | Yes | Yes | |||||
.bq | .bo, .bn, .ba, .br, .bi, .be already allocated | Not yet assigned as of 1 December 2015 | |||||
.br | Restricted. Registration is done under several categories (i.e.: .edu.br for higher education institutions, .gov.br for government agencies, etc.)[11] | Yes[12] | Yes | No[cctld 3] | |||
.bs | Yes | Yes | |||||
.bt | Yes | No | |||||
.bv | Not in use (Norwegian dependency; see .no). | No | No | No | |||
.bw | Yes | Yes | |||||
.by | Byelarus’ | Also unofficially used to denote Bayern (Bavaria), Germany | Yes | Yes | |||
.bz | Also unofficially used in the province of Bozen (or South Tyrol, see .st) | Yes | Yes |
C
Name | Entity | Explanation | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | SLD | IPv6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.ca | Subject to Canadian Presence Requirements.[13] | French[cctld 4] | Yes | Yes | |||
.cc | Australian territory: not to be confused with Cocos islands in Guam. Currently marketed as global domain, registration allowed worldwide, local presence not required; the domain is currently operated by eNIC, a VeriSign company. | Yes | Yes | ||||
.cd | Congo, Democratic Republic | No | Yes | ||||
.cf | Also used as a free domain service to the public. | No | Yes | ||||
.cg | No | Yes | |||||
.ch | Confoederatio Helvetica | Yes[cctld 5] | Yes | Yes | |||
.ci | No | Yes | |||||
.ck | No | Yes | |||||
.cl | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
.cm | A local entity/company in Cameroon is required to register a domain name. | No | Yes | ||||
.cn | China | A local company in China is required to register a domain name, or for personal registrations a valid Resident Identity Card. See ICP license for more information regarding registrations. Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan also maintain TLDs. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
.co | Marketed as a global domain – recognized as a gccTLD by Google. Anyone can register. | Yes | Yes | ||||
.cr | Yes | Yes | |||||
.cu | No | Yes | |||||
.cv | No | Yes | |||||
.cw | Curaçao, West Indies | No | Unknown | ||||
.cx | Christmas Xmas | Yes | Yes | ||||
.cy | No | No | |||||
.cz | No[cctld 6] | Yes | Yes |
D
Name | Entity | Explanation | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | SLD | IPv6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.de | Deutschland | German postal address for administrative contact (admin-c) required. Proxy registrations are allowed. | Yes[cctld 7] | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
.dj | No | Yes | |||||
.dk | Denmark | Yes[cctld 8] | Yes | Yes | |||
.dm | No | Yes | |||||
.do | No | Yes | |||||
.dz | El Djazair | No | Yes |
E
Name | Entity | Explanation | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | SLD | IPv6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.ec | In Japan, "EC" is used as an acronym for "electronic commerce". Because of that, it's used unofficially by companies dedicated to provide online stores like BASE, a company that has two domains related to e-commerce: "base.in" and "official.ec".[15] | No | Yes | ||||
.ee | Eesti | Yes[cctld 9] | Yes | Yes | |||
.eg | No | Yes | |||||
.eh | Saguia el-Hamra | .eh is reserved for Western Sahara, but does not exist in the root. | |||||
.er | Inactive – The domain registrar Eritrea Telecommunication Services Corporation offers no services to register domains. | No | No | ||||
.es | España | Yes | Yes | ||||
.et | No | No | |||||
.eu | Restricted to legal and natural persons in European Union member states. Previously unofficially used for sites in the Basque language, but now .eus is in official use. | Yes[cctld 10] | Yes | Yes | Yes[16] |
F
Name | Entity | Explanation | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | SLD | IPv6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.fi | Registration allowed worldwide, local presence not required. | Yes[cctld 11] | Yes | Yes | |||
.fj | No | Yes | |||||
.fk | No | No | |||||
.fm | Also unofficially used by FM radio stations, podcasts or related business. | No | Yes | ||||
.fo | Føroyar | Yes | Yes | ||||
.fr | Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[cctld 12] | Yes[cctld 13] | Yes | Yes |
G
Name | Entity | Explanation | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | SLD | IPv6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.ga | Also used as a free domain service to the public. | No | Yes | ||||
.gb | Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Deprecated.[17] The primary ccTLD used for the United Kingdom is .uk. | No | No | |||
.gd | Yes | Yes | |||||
.ge | Available for registration for residents of Georgia (unlimited) or for foreign companies via representation of any local legal person (one domain name per registrant)[18] | No | No | Yes | |||
.gf | Guyane française | No | |||||
.gg | Guernsey / Guernesey | Commonly used in reference to the gamer slang for "good game". | No | Yes | |||
.gh | No | No | |||||
.gi | Yes | Yes | |||||
.gl | Previously also unofficially used in Galicia, Spain, but now .gal has been approved for such use and was implemented in mid-2014 | Yes | Yes | ||||
.gm | Domain name should match the domain owners name or trademarks. Common nouns are blocked. | No | Yes | ||||
.gn | A local contact is required | Yes | No | ||||
.gp | Still used for Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin | No | Yes | ||||
.gq | Guinée équatoriale | Also used as a free domain service to the public. | No | ||||
.gr | Yes[cctld 14] | Yes | Yes | ||||
.gs | Yes | Yes | |||||
.gt | Yes | No | Yes | ||||
.gu | No | No | |||||
.gw | No | Yes | |||||
.gy | No | Yes |
H
Name | Entity | Explanation | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | SLD | IPv6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.hk | Special administrative region of the People's Republic of China, former British Colony. | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
.hm | No | Yes | |||||
.hn | Yes | Yes | |||||
.hr | Hrvatska | Yes | Yes | ||||
.ht | Yes | No | Yes | ||||
.hu | Citizens of the European Union or entities established by law within the territory of the EU | Yes | Yes |
I, J
Name | Entity | Explanation | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | SLD | IPv6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.id | Restricted to Indonesian companies (co.id), organisations (or.id), academic (ac.id & sch.id) and citizens (biz.id, my.id & web.id). Second-level domains are becoming available now and opened to general registration on 17 August 2014.[19] | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
.ie | In 2002, registration was expanded to include persons or businesses with a "real and substantive" connection with the island of Ireland (including Northern Ireland).[20][21] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
.il | Yes | Yes | No | ||||
.im | No | Yes | |||||
.in | Under INRegistry since April 2005 (except: gov.in, nic.in, mil.in, ac.in, edu.in, res.in). | Yes [cctld 15] | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
.io | Used unofficially by technology companies, startups, and web applications because IO can be an acronym for input/output that is useful for domain hacks. | Yes | Yes | ||||
.iq | Partial[22] | Yes | |||||
.ir | Yes | No | Yes | ||||
.is | Ísland | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
.it | Restricted to companies and individuals in the European Union. | Yes[cctld 16] | No | Yes | |||
.je | No | Yes | |||||
.jm | No | No | |||||
.jo | No | Yes | |||||
.jp | Restricted to individuals or companies with a physical address in Japan. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes[23] |
K
Name | Entity | Explanation | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | SLD | IPv6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.ke | Yes | No | |||||
.kg | Yes | Yes | |||||
.kh | Khmer | No | No | ||||
.ki | Yes | Yes | |||||
.km | Komori | No | Yes | ||||
.kn | No | Yes | |||||
.kp | Korea Democratic People's Republic | No | No | ||||
.kr | Korea Republic | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
.kw | No | No | |||||
.ky | Yes | Yes | |||||
.kz | No | Yes |
L
Name | Entity | Explanation | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | SLD | IPv6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.la | Currently being marketed as the unofficial domain for Los Angeles[24] | Yes | Yes | ||||
.lb | Restricted to registration with a company in Lebanon | Yes | No | ||||
.lc | Yes | Yes | |||||
.li | Also unofficially used by entities on Long Island, New York | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
.lk | Lanka | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
.lr | Partial[22] | No | |||||
.ls | No | No | |||||
.lt | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||
.lu | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||
.lv | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||
.ly | No | Yes |
M
Name | Entity | Explanation | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | SLD | IPv6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.ma | Maghrib | Partial[22] | Yes | ||||
.mc | Only for companies with a trademark registered in Monaco | No | Yes | ||||
.md | Restricted to individuals or companies with a physical address in Moldova. | No | Yes | ||||
.me | Also unofficially used and marketed as a domain hack (for example love.me, meet.me, etc.) | Yes | Yes | ||||
.mf | Martin, French | Not in use | |||||
.mg | Yes | Yes | |||||
.mh | No | ||||||
.mk | Makedonija | Restricted to registration with a company in Macedonia | No | Yes | |||
.ml | Also used as a free domain service to the public. | No | Yes | ||||
.mm | Yes | No | |||||
.mn | The second-level domains '.gov.mn', '.org.mn', and '.edu.mn' are reserved for special use. See .mn for more information. | Yes | Yes | ||||
.mo | Macao | Special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. Registrants must have a registered business in Macau, with the same name as the domain they wish to register.[25] | No | Yes | |||
.mp | Marianas Pacific | No | Yes | ||||
.mq | No | No | |||||
.mr | No | Yes | |||||
.ms | Unofficially used for Microsoft-related domains. | No | Yes | ||||
.mt | No | No | |||||
.mu | No | Yes | |||||
.mv | No | Yes | |||||
.mw | No | Yes | |||||
.mx | Yes | Yes | |||||
.my | Restricted to registration by an individual or company in Malaysia | Yes[cctld 17] | Yes | Yes | |||
.mz | No | No |
N
Name | Entity | Explanation | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | SLD | IPv6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.na | Yes | Yes | |||||
.nc | Restricted to companies that have a New Caledonian Business Registration Certificate or individuals living in New Caledonia for at least 6 months. | Yes | Yes | ||||
.ne | No | Yes | |||||
.nf | Yes | Yes | |||||
.ng | No | Yes | |||||
.ni | No | No | |||||
.nl | First official country code TLD.[26] | No | Yes | Yes | |||
.no | Businesses and professionals must be registered as an approved type of organization in the Brønnøysund Register Centre. Individual applicants must be of age (18 years) and be registered in the Folkeregisteret. All applicants must have a Norwegian postal address. | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
.np | All .np domains are free to register for individuals and registered businesses. Foreign businesses must provide proof of local presence in Nepal. | No | No | ||||
.nr | Was previously used as a free domain service to the public as co.nr.[27] | No | Yes | ||||
.nu | Commonly used by Danish, Dutch and Swedish websites, because in those languages "nu" means "now". | Yes[cctld 18] | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
.nz | Māori[cctld 19] | Yes | Yes[28] |
O, P, Q
Name | Entity | Explanation | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | SLD | IPv6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.om | Registrant must have company or trademark registered in Oman as well as a local administrative contact. | No | No | ||||
.pa | No | No | |||||
.pe | Yes[cctld 20] | Yes | Yes | ||||
.pf | Polynésie française | With Clipperton Island | No | Yes | |||
.pg | No | No | |||||
.ph | No | Yes | |||||
.pk | Operated by PKNIC since 1992 | No | Yes | ||||
.pl | Yes[cctld 21] | Yes | Yes | ||||
.pm | Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[cctld 12] | Yes | Yes | ||||
.pn | No | Yes | |||||
.pr | Yes | Yes | |||||
.ps | West Bank and Gaza Strip. | No | Yes | ||||
.pt | Portuguese | Yes | Yes | Yes[30] | |||
.pw | Pelew | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes[31] | ||
.py | No | No | |||||
.qa | No | No |
R
Name | Entity | Explanation | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | SLD | IPv6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.re | Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[cctld 12] | Yes[cctld 13] | Yes | Yes | |||
.ro | Yes[32] | Yes[33] | Yes | Yes[34] | |||
.rs | Republika Srbija | No | Yes | ||||
.ru | See also .su, still in use, and .рф, for IDN. | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
.rw | No | Yes |
S
Name | Entity | Explanation | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | SLD | IPv6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.sa | Registrant must have a registered trademark in Saudi Arabia matching the domain name to register or provide company incorporation documents of a company in Saudi Arabia or for personal registrations a copy of valid ID. A letter on the official letterhead of your organization addressed to SaudiNIC requesting the domain name registration is also required. Local administrative contact required. 2LD registrations rolled out in 2011.[35] | Arabic[9] | Yes[36] | Yes | Yes[37] | ||
.sb | Solomon Islands, British | Yes | No | ||||
.sc | Yes | Yes | |||||
.sd | No | Yes | |||||
.se | S/E are the only letters occurring in both Sverige and Sweden | Yes[cctld 22] | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
.sg | Yes | Yes | |||||
.sh | Yes[cctld 23] | Yes | Yes | ||||
.si | Yes[cctld 24] | Yes | Yes | ||||
.sj | Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no). | No | Yes[38] | No | |||
.sk | Restricted to Slovak companies, organisations and citizens | No | Yes | Yes | |||
.sl | No | Yes | |||||
.sm | Domain name must be same as company name or trademark | No | Yes | ||||
.sn | Registration allowed for companies only. Individuals are not allowed to register. | Yes | Yes | ||||
.so | Relaunched on 1 November 2010 | No | No | Yes | |||
.sr | No | Yes | |||||
.ss | Removed from the root DNS zone in April 2013 | ||||||
.st | Also unofficially used in South Tyrol (or province of Bozen, see .bz) | No | Yes | ||||
.su | Still in use. | Yes[cctld 25] | Yes | Yes | Yes[cctld 26] | ||
.sv | No | No | |||||
.sx | Yes | No | |||||
.sy | Yes | Yes | |||||
.sz | Registration is restricted to Swaziland organizations with Swaziland Trading Licenses. | No | No |
T
Name | Entity | Explanation | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | SLD | IPv6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.tc | .TC domains are also marketed in Turkey. The official abbreviation of 'Türkiye Cumhuriyeti' (Republic of Turkey) is TC. | No | Yes | ||||
.td | Tchad | Chadian (.td) domains are available for registration to entities connected with Chad only. | No | Yes | |||
.tf | Terres australes et antarctiques françaises | Seldom used. Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. It has also been adopted by the community of the game Team Fortress 2.[cctld 12] | Yes[cctld 13] | Yes | Yes | ||
.tg | No | Yes | |||||
.th | Yes | Yes | No | ||||
.tj | No | Yes | |||||
.tk | Also used as a free domain service to the public. | No | Yes | ||||
.tl | Timor-Leste | Old code .tp is deactivated since 2015. | Yes | Yes | |||
.tm | Yes[cctld 27] | Yes | Yes | ||||
.tn | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
.to | Often used unofficially for Torrent, Turin, Toronto, Tokyo, or Tocantins | Yes | No | Yes | |||
.tp | Timor Português | ISO code has changed to TL; .tl is now assigned and .tp is deactivated since 2015. | No | Yes | |||
.tr | .nc.tr used by Northern Cyprus | Yes[cctld 28] | No | Yes | Yes[39] | ||
.tt | Yes | Yes | |||||
.tv | Used as an abbreviation of television, the domain is currently operated by dotTV, a VeriSign company; the Tuvalu government owns twenty percent of the company. | Yes | Yes | ||||
.tw | Registration allowed worldwide, local presence not required. In line with ISO 3166-1, IANA's official position is that “TW” is "designated for use to represent "Taiwan."[40] | Yes[cctld 29] | Yes | Yes | |||
.tz | Must have a presence in Tanzania | Yes | No |
U, V
Name | Entity | Explanation | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | SLD | IPv6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.ua | Ukraina | Ukrainian trademark required | Yes | Yes | |||
.ug | Yes | Yes | |||||
.uk | The ISO 3166-1 code for the United Kingdom is GB. UK is a specially reserved ISO 3166-1 code. However, the creation of the .uk TLD predates the ISO 3166-1 list of ccTLD and is the primary TLD for the United Kingdom.[17] | Yes | Yes | ||||
.um | Not in use | ||||||
.us | Registrants must be United States citizens, residents, or organizations, or a foreign entity with a presence in the United States. Formerly commonly used by U.S. State and local governments, see also .gov TLD | Yes | Yes | ||||
.uy | 2LD rollout began on 10 July 2012.[41] | Yes | Yes | ||||
.uz | No | Yes | |||||
.va | Limited to the official sites of the Holy See (including those of the Vatican City State) | No | No | ||||
.vc | Partial[22] | Yes | |||||
.ve | No | No | |||||
.vg | No | Yes | |||||
.vi | No | Yes | |||||
.vn | Yes[cctld 30] | Yes | Yes | ||||
.vu | Yes | Yes |
W, Y, Z
Name | Entity | Explanation | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | SLD | IPv6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.wf | Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[cctld 12] | Yes[cctld 13] | Yes | Yes | |||
.ws | Western Samoa | Marketed for use in general WebSites | Yes | Yes[42] | Yes | ||
.ye | No | No | |||||
.yt | Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, Great Britain and Liechtenstein.[cctld 12] | Yes[cctld 13] | Yes | Yes | |||
.za | Zuid-Afrika | Yes | No | ||||
.zm | Yes | Yes[cctld 31] | |||||
.zw | No | No |
Notes
- ↑ (17 November 2009) Spanish-Portuguese specific characters (á, â, ã, à, é, ê, í, ó, ô, õ, ú, ü, ñ, ç) allowed, as approved by law
- ↑ Mostly latin characters (à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ø ù ú û ü ý þ ÿ œ š ž), see IDN Zeichentabelle (PDF, in german language).
- ↑ Currently not allowed, but some higher-learning institutions were grandfathered in.
- ↑ "About Internationalized Domain Names" (PDF). Cira.ca. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ Since March 2004, see details
- ↑ IDN not adopted due to lack of public and corporate interest[14]
- ↑ 93 non-ASCII characters, see details
- ↑ (1 January 2004), (æ, ø, å, ö, ä, ü, & é): see details Archived 19 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Estonian domain names to incorporate diacritics (IDN) Starting from 13 June 2011 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
- ↑ Supported characters (Latin, Greek, Cyrillic): see details Archived 20 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ (September 2005) Supported characters (Latin): see details
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 (6 December 2011) "Opening to Europe of the .fr, .wf, .re, .yt, .pm, and .tf TLDs".
.
Before restricted to residents of the corresponding French territory. - 1 2 3 4 5 "Availability of IDN on the .fr, .yt, .pm, .wf, .tf, and .re TLDs". Afnic.fr. Archived from the original on 6 August 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ Support for Greek characters since July 2005, see details Archived 5 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Now, get Internet domain names in regional languages". The Hindu. The Hindu. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
- ↑ "Idn: un successo". Nic.it. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ ".my Domain Registry". Domainregistry.my. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ see
- ↑ "F.A.Q. for Domain Names with macrons (IDNs) - .nz Domain Name Commission". Archived from the original on 5 June 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
- ↑ (8 December 2007): see details
- ↑ "www.dns.pl: IDN". Retrieved 11 September 2003.
- ↑ (October 2003), for Swedish characters, summer 2007 also for Finnish, Meänkieli, Romani, Sami, and Yiddish: see details
- ↑ "IDN Code Points Policy for the .SH Top Level Domain" (PDF). Nic.sh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 September 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ Since October 2010, see details
- ↑ (28 April 2008) see details Archived 19 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "ccTLD.su". Retrieved 23 February 2015.
- ↑ "IDN Code Points Policy for the .TM Top Level Domain" (PDF). Nic.tm. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ (14 November 2006): see details
- ↑ Traditional Chinese characters: see details
- ↑ "TRUNG TÂM INTERNET VIÊT NAM – Tên mien tieng viet". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 23 January 2007. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ Restricted to ISPs and other undefined entities. See .zm
Internationalized country code top-level domains
Source:[46]
Proposed internationalized ccTLDs
ICANN-era generic top-level domains
- Name: DNS name
- Target market: intended use
- Restrictions: restrictions, if any, on who can register, and how the domain can be used
- Operator: entity the registry has been delegated to
- IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
- DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions
English
A
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.academy | academic institutes | — | Donuts[donuts 1] | Yes | Yes |
.accountant | accountants and accounting firms | — | Famous Four Media | Unknown | Yes |
.accountants | accountants and accounting firms | — | Donuts[donuts 2] | Yes | Yes |
.active | general | — | The Active Network | Unknown | Yes |
.actor | actors | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.ads | Charleston Road Registry Inc.[47] | ||||
.adult | adult entertainment (pornography) | For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. | Yes | Yes | |
.aero | air-transport industry | Must verify eligibility for registration; only those in various categories of air-travel-related entities may register. | SITA | No | No |
.agency | business associations | — | Donuts[donuts 3] | Yes[9] | Yes |
.airforce | defense contractors | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Unknown | Yes |
.analytics | Campus IP LLC [47] | ||||
.apartments | apartments | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.app | Apps[48] | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.archi | architects and architect firms[49] | Restricted to individuals and organizations that can verify participation in architecture industry.[50] | STARTING DOT LIMITED | Unknown | Yes |
.army | defense contractors | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Unknown | Yes |
.art | artists, museums, art galleries, dealers, service providers and contractors | — | UK Creative Ideas | Yes | Yes |
.associates | business associations | — | Donuts[donuts 4] | Yes | Yes |
.attorney | attorneys and legal organizations | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Unknown | Yes |
.auction | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Unknown | Yes | |
.audible | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.audio | stereo/sound systems, music | — | Uniregistry | Yes[51] | Yes |
.author | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.auto | Cars Registry Limited[47] | ||||
.autos | — | DERAutos | Unknown | Yes | |
.aws | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] |
B
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.baby | Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.band | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Unknown | Yes | |
.bank | banks | Restricted to banks and savings associations | fTLD Registry Services, LLC | Unknown | Yes |
.bar | Bars and related industry | — | Punto 2012 | Yes | Yes |
.barefoot | Gallo Vineyards, Inc.[47] | ||||
.bargains | coupons and online sellers | — | Donuts[donuts 5] | Yes | Yes |
.baseball | MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC[47] | ||||
.basketball | Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA) [47] | ||||
.beauty | L'Oréal[47] | ||||
.beer | breweries and beer aficionados | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Unknown | Yes |
.best | — | BestTLD Pty Ltd | Unknown | Yes | |
.bestbuy | BBY Solutions, Inc.[47] | ||||
.bet | Afilias plc[47] | ||||
.bible | American Bible Society [47] | ||||
.bid | auctions | — | dot Bid Limited | Yes | Yes |
.bike | bicycles | — | Donuts[donuts 6] | Yes[52] | Yes |
.bingo | bingo | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.bio | biodiversity, biographies | May require compliance with organic agriculture principles.[53] | STARTING DOT LIMITED | Unknown | Yes |
.biz | business | Open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrations may be challenged later if they are not held by commercial entities in accordance with the domain's charter. This TLD was created to provide relief for the .com TLD, where many names have already been taken. | NeuStar | Yes[9] | Yes |
.black | those who like the color black[54] | — | Afilias | Yes | Yes |
.blackfriday | Black Friday, retail | — | Uniregistry | Yes[51] | Yes |
.blockbuster | Dish DBS Corporation[47] | ||||
.blog | Blogs | — | Automattic [55] | Unknown | Yes |
.blue | those who like the color blue[56] | — | Afilias | Yes | Yes |
.boo | - | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.book | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.boots | THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC [47] | ||||
.bot | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.boutique | specialized businesses | — | Donuts[donuts 7] | Yes | Yes |
.box | individuals and businesses, in order to promote personal cloud storage | — | NS1 Limited | Yes | Yes |
.broadway | Celebrate Broadway, Inc.[47] | ||||
.broker | DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD[47] | ||||
.build | construction industry | Open Top Level Domain—[57] | Plan Bee LLC | Yes | Yes |
.builders | construction workers | — | Donuts[donuts 8] | Yes | Yes |
.business | businesses | — | Donuts[donuts 9] | Yes | Yes |
.buy | Amazon Registry Services, INC[47] | ||||
.buzz | marketing and social networking | — | DOTSTRATEGY | Yes | Yes |
C
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.cab | cabs and taxi companies | — | Donuts[donuts 10] | Yes | Yes |
.cafe | coffee industry | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.call | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.cam | entertainment[58] | — | Acwebconnecting—[59] | Yes | Yes |
.camera | camera-related businesses | — | Donuts[donuts 11] | Yes | Yes |
.camp | camps and camping | — | Donuts[donuts 12] | Yes | Yes |
.cancerresearch | Organizations, research institutes and individuals interested in ending cancer through research [60] | — | Australian Cancer Research Foundation | Unknown | Yes |
.capital | financial firms | — | Donuts[donuts 13] | Yes | Yes |
.car | Cars Registry Limited [47] | ||||
.cards | general | — | Donuts[donuts 14] | Yes | Yes |
.care | healthcare industry | — | Donuts[donuts 15] | Yes | Yes |
.career | — | dotCareer LLC | Yes | Yes | |
.careers | Employment | — | Donuts[donuts 16] | Yes | Yes |
.cars | Automotive | — | Uniregistry | Yes | Yes |
.case | CNH Industrial N.V.[47] | ||||
.cash | financial | — | Donuts[donuts 17] | Yes | Yes |
.casino | casinos | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.catering | Food service | — | Donuts[donuts 18] | Yes | Yes |
.catholic | Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communications)[47] | ||||
.center | general | — | Donuts[donuts 19] | Yes | Yes |
.cern | CERN | — | CERN | Unknown | Unknown |
.ceo | CEOs | —[61] | CEOTLD Pty Ltd | Unknown | Yes |
.cfd | DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD[47] | ||||
.channel | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes | |
.chat | online chat | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.cheap | Resellers | — | Donuts[donuts 20] | Yes | Yes |
.christmas | Christmas | — | Uniregistry | Yes[51] | Yes |
.church | churches | — | Donuts[donuts 21] | Yes | Yes |
.cipriani | Hotel Cipriani Srl [47] | ||||
.circle | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.city | general | — | Donuts[donuts 22] | Yes | Yes |
.claims | retail, auctions | — | Donuts[donuts 23] | Yes | Yes |
.cleaning | Cleaning services | — | Donuts[donuts 24] | Yes | Yes |
.click | — | Uniregistry | Yes[51] | Yes | |
.clinic | healthcare clinics | — | Donuts[donuts 25] | Yes | Yes |
.clothing | Apparel | — | Donuts[donuts 26] | Yes | Yes |
.cloud | — | Aruba S.p.A. | |||
.club | groups, organizations, assemblies, communities, general | —[62] | .CLUB DOMAINS | Yes[63] | Yes |
.coach | travel (flights and motor coaches) | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.codes | computer and/or encryption code enthusiasts | — | Donuts[donuts 27] | Yes | Yes |
.coffee | cafés and coffee aficionados | — | Donuts[donuts 28] | Yes | Yes |
.college | Educational | — | XYZ.com | Yes | Yes |
.community | social groups, neighborhoods | — | Donuts[donuts 29] | Yes | Yes |
.company | business associations | — | Donuts[donuts 30] | Yes | Yes |
.compare | iSelect Ltd [47] | ||||
.computer | Technology | — | Donuts[donuts 31] | Yes | Yes |
.condos | Real estate | — | Donuts[donuts 32] | Yes | Yes |
.construction | Construction industry | — | Donuts[donuts 33] | Yes | Yes |
.consulting | hired advisors | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.contact | Top Level Spectrum, Inc.[47] | ||||
.contractors | Remodeling and independent businesses | — | Donuts[donuts 34] | Yes | Yes |
.cooking | sharing recipes | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.cool | General interests | — | Donuts[donuts 35] | Yes | Yes |
.coop | cooperatives | The .coop TLD is limited to cooperatives as defined by the Rochdale Principles. | DotCooperation | No | Yes |
.country | general | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.coupon | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.coupons | coupons | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.courses | OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD[47] | ||||
.credit | Financial institutions | — | Donuts[donuts 36] | Yes | Yes |
.creditcard | Financial institutions | — | Donuts[donuts 37] | Yes | Yes |
.cruise | Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.[47] | ||||
.cricket | cricket | — | Famous Four Media[ffm 1] | Unknown | Yes |
.cruises | cruise businesses and travel | — | Donuts[donuts 38] | Yes | Yes |
D
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.dad | families | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.dance | Dance studios and companies | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.data | Dish DBS Corporation [47] | ||||
.date | online dating | — | Unknown | Yes | |
.dating | online dating | — | Donuts[donuts 39] | Yes | Yes |
.day | general | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.deal | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.deals | online shopping and couponing | — | Donuts[donuts 40] | Yes | Yes |
.degree | general | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Unknown | Yes |
.delivery | general | — | Donuts[donuts 41] | Yes | Yes |
.democrat | Democratic Party politics | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.dental | dentists | — | Donuts[donuts 42] | Yes | Yes |
.dentist | dentists | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Unknown | Yes |
.design | graphic art and fashion | — | Top Level Design | Yes | Yes |
.dev | development | - | Unknown | Unknown | |
.diamonds | diamond and jewelry industry | — | Donuts[donuts 43] | Yes | Yes |
.diet | — | Uniregistry | Yes[51] | Yes | |
.digital | general | — | Donuts[donuts 44] | Yes | Yes |
.direct | general | — | Donuts[donuts 45] | Unknown | Yes |
.directory | general directory | — | Donuts[donuts 46] | Yes | Yes |
.discount | general | — | Donuts[donuts 47] | Yes | Yes |
.diy | Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[47] | ||||
.docs | Charleston Road Registry Inc.[47] | ||||
.doctor | Brice Trail, LLC[47] | ||||
.dog | dog stores and owners | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.domains | domain registries | — | Donuts[donuts 48] | Yes | Yes |
.dot | Dish DBS Corporation [47] | ||||
.download | technology | — | Famous Four Media | Unknown | Yes |
.drive | Charleston Road Registry Inc.[47] | ||||
.duck | Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.[47] |
E
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.earth | Interlink Co., Ltd.[47] | ||||
.eat | restaurants and foodies | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.eco | Sustainability minded companies, non-profits and professionals.[64] | Open to anyone pledging a commitment to sustainability action.[65] | Big Room Inc.[66] | No | Yes |
.education | educational institutes | — | Donuts[donuts 49] | Yes | Yes |
— | Donuts[donuts 50] | Yes | Yes | ||
.energy | energy industry and marketing | — | Donuts[donuts 51] | Yes | Yes |
.engineer | engineers and engineering firms | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.engineering | engineering firms | — | Donuts[donuts 52] | Yes | Yes |
.enterprises | business associations | — | Donuts[donuts 53] | Yes | Yes |
.equipment | equipment-related businesses | — | Donuts[donuts 54] | Yes | Yes |
.esq | lawyers, law firms, legal professionals | To be restricted to verified lawyers and attorneys[67] | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.estate | real estate businesses | — | Donuts[donuts 55] | Yes | Yes |
.events | happenings | — | Donuts[donuts 56] | Yes | Yes |
.exchange | generic trade | — | Donuts[donuts 57] | Yes | Yes |
.expert | generic expertise | — | Donuts[donuts 58] | Yes | Yes |
.exposed | general interest | — | Donuts[donuts 59] | Yes | Yes |
.express | shipping | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
F
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.fail | general | — | Donuts[donuts 60] | Yes | Yes |
.faith | religion and churches | — | Unknown | Yes | |
.family | families | — | Unknown | Yes | |
.fan | Asiamix Digital Ltd[47] | ||||
.fans | general | — | Unknown | Yes | |
.farm | farms and agriculture | — | Donuts[donuts 61] | Yes | Yes |
.fashion | clothing industry | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.fast | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.feedback | — | Top Level Spectrum | Unknown | Yes | |
.film | Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd[47] | ||||
.final | Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br[47] | ||||
.finance | financial | — | Donuts[donuts 62] | Yes | Yes |
.financial | financial | — | Donuts[donuts 63] | Yes | Yes |
.fire | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.fish | fishing businesses, sports, and interests | — | Donuts[donuts 64] | Yes | Yes |
.fishing | fishing businesses, sports, and interests | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.fit | Fitness and exercise | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Unknown | Yes |
.fitness | Fitness and exercise | — | Donuts[donuts 65] | Yes | Yes |
.flights | airline businesses and travel | — | Donuts[donuts 66] | Yes | Yes |
.florist | florists | — | Donuts[donuts 67] | Yes | Yes |
.flowers | florists and gardens | — | Uniregistry | Yes | Yes |
.fly | travel | To be restricted to verified airlines, travel agencies and travel resellers[68] | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.foo | web development | —[69] | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.food | Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[47] | ||||
.foodnetwork | Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[47] | ||||
.football | soccer and American football | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.forsale | online retail | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Unknown | Yes |
.forum | Fegistry, LLC[47] | ||||
.foundation | charitable organizations | — | Donuts[donuts 68] | Yes | Yes |
.free | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.frontdoor | Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[47] | ||||
.fun | — | Radix Registry | Unknown | Unknown | |
.fund | financial | — | Donuts[donuts 69] | Yes | Yes |
.furniture | furniture businesses | — | Donuts[donuts 70] | Yes | Yes |
.fyi | "for your information" | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
G
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.gallery | photo and art galleries | — | Donuts[donuts 71] | Yes | Yes |
.game | Uniregistry, Corp.[47] | ||||
.games | United TLD Holdco Ltd.[47] | ||||
.garden | gardening | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.gdn | none, anyone | — | GDN Registry | Unknown | Unknown |
.gift | gift-giving | — | Uniregistry | Yes[51] | Yes |
.gifts | gift-giving | — | Donuts[donuts 72] | Yes | Yes |
.gives | charities and gift-giving | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Unknown | Yes |
.glass | window sales and repairs | — | Donuts[donuts 73] | Yes | Yes |
.global | general | — | Dot GLOBAL | Yes | Yes |
.gold | gold and luxury | — | Donuts | Unknown | Yes |
.golf | golf | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.gop | Republican Party politics | — | Republican State Leadership Committee | Spanish[70] | Yes |
.graphics | graphics | — | Donuts[donuts 74] | Yes | Yes |
.green | the environmentally-focused | "As a Registrant you may not ... use a .green name or its content in a way that negatively affects the mission, purpose of the .green TLD, or its brand."[71] | Afilias | Unknown | Yes |
.gripe | opinion sites | — | Donuts[donuts 75] | Yes | Yes |
.grocery | Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.[47] | ||||
.group | Romeo Town, LLC[47] | ||||
.guide | help sites | — | Donuts[donuts 76] | Yes | Yes |
.guitars | Guitars | — | Uniregistry | Yes[51] | Yes |
.guru | generic expertise | — | Donuts[donuts 77] | Yes[72] | Yes |
H
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.hair | L'Oreal[47] | ||||
.hangout | Charleston Road Registry Inc.[47] | ||||
.health | DotHealth, LLC[47] | ||||
.healthcare | healthcare industry | — | Donuts[donuts 78] | Unknown | Yes |
.help | help sites | — | Uniregistry | Yes[51] | Yes |
.here | generic geographic | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.hiphop | Hip hop culture | — | Uniregistry | Yes[51] | Yes |
.hiv | AIDS and HIV | — | dotHIV | Unknown | Yes |
.hockey | hockey | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.holdings | real estate or financial business | — | Donuts[donuts 79] | Yes | Yes |
.holiday | holiday gift industry | — | Donuts[donuts 80] | Yes | Yes |
.homegoods | The TJX Companies, Inc.[47] | ||||
.homes | real estate professionals | — | Dominion Enterprises | Unknown | Yes |
.homesense | The TJX Companies, Inc.[47] | ||||
.horse | horse-related businesses and interest | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.hospital | Ruby Pike, LLC [47] | ||||
.host | network companies | — | Radix Registry | Unknown | Yes |
.hosting | — | Uniregistry | Yes[51] | Yes | |
.hot | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.hotels | Booking.com B.V.[47] | ||||
.house | real estate and construction businesses | — | Donuts[donuts 81] | Yes | Yes |
.how | how-to guides | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
I
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.ice | IntercontinentalExchange, Inc.[47] | ||||
.icu | entrepreneurs and business owners | — | ShortDot SA | ||
.industries | industrial businesses | — | Donuts[donuts 82] | Yes | Yes |
.info | information | — | Afilias | German[9] | Yes |
.ing | Verbal suffix: e.g., "jump.ing". | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.ink | creative printing or tattooing[73] | — | Top Level Design | Yes | Yes |
.institute[74] | — | Donuts[donuts 83] | Yes | Yes | |
.insurance | fTLD Registry Services LLC[47] | ||||
.insure | Insurance companies | — | Donuts[donuts 84] | Yes | Yes |
.international | international entities | — | Donuts[donuts 85] | Yes | Yes |
.investments | financial | — | Donuts[donuts 86] | Yes | Yes |
J, K
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jewelry | jewelry stores | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.jobs | Employment | For websites with job opportunities and job listings.[75] | Employ Media | No | Yes |
.joy | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.kim | Kim (Korean surname) | — | Afilias | Unknown | Yes |
.kitchen | food industry and remodeling | — | Donuts[donuts 87] | Yes | Yes |
L
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.land | real estate | — | Donuts[donuts 88] | Yes | Yes |
.latino | Dish DBS Corporation[47] | ||||
.law | Restricted to qualified lawyers, courts of law, law schools, and legal regulators.[76] | Minds + Machines Group Limited[47] | |||
.lawyer | lawyers and legal organizations | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Unknown | Yes |
.lease | financing | — | Donuts[donuts 89] | Yes | Yes |
.legal | lawyers and legal organizations | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.lgbt | the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community | "Registrants are prohibited from using the .LGBT domain in a manner that is harmful, threatening, abusive, harassing, defamatory, or hateful with respect to the LGBT community."[77] | Afilias | Unknown | Yes |
.life | general | — | Donuts[donuts 90] | Yes | Yes |
.lifeinsurance | American Council of Life Insurers[47] | ||||
.lighting | lighting | — | Donuts[donuts 91] | Yes | Yes |
.like | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.limited | general | — | Donuts[donuts 92] | Yes | Yes |
.limo | limousine businesses | — | Donuts[donuts 93] | Yes | Yes |
.link | connecting to information[78] | — | Uniregistry | Yes[51] | Yes |
.live | United TLD Holdco Ltd.[47] | ||||
.living | Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[47] | ||||
.loan | banks and lenders | — | Famous Four Media | Unknown | Yes |
.loans | banks and lenders | — | Donuts[donuts 94] | Yes | Yes |
.locker | Dish DBS Corporation[47] | ||||
.lol | LOL: laughing out loud | — | Uniregistry[79] | Unknown | Yes |
.lotto | — | Afilias | Unknown | Yes | |
.love | dating sites | — | Unknown | Yes | |
.luxury | businesses catering to the wealthy | — | Luxury Partners | Yes | Yes |
M
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.makeup | L'Oréal[47] | ||||
.management | business management | — | Donuts[donuts 95] | Yes | Yes |
.map | Charleston Road Registry Inc.[47] | ||||
.market | marketing services and retailers | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Unknown | Yes |
.marketing | marketing services | — | Donuts[donuts 96] | Yes | Yes |
.markets | financial and stock markets | — | IG Group | Unknown | Yes |
.mba | Masters in Business Administration | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.med | Medistry LLC [47] | ||||
.media | general media interests | — | Donuts[donuts 97] | Yes | Yes |
.meet | social gatherings, meeting new people | — | Afilias | Unknown | Yes |
.meme | Internet memes | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.memorial | memorial sites | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.men | men | — | Famous Four Media | Unknown | Yes |
.menu | restaurants | — | Wedding TLD2 | Yes | Yes |
.mint | Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.mobi | mobile devices | Must be used for mobile-compatible sites in accordance with standards. | Afilias | Yes | Yes |
.mobile | Dish DBS Corporation [47] | ||||
.mobily | GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.[47] | ||||
.moe | Japanese otaku culture; see moe (slang) | — | Interlink | Yes | Yes |
.mom | Uniregistry, Corp.[47] | ||||
.money | financial | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.mortgage | mortgage lenders | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Unknown | Yes |
.motorcycles | motorcycles | — | DERMotorcycles | Unknown | Yes |
.mov | Digital video | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.movie | movies and cinemas | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.museum | museums | Must be verified as a legitimate museum. | Museum Domain Management Association | Latin script[9] | Yes |
N, O
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.name | individuals, by name | Open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrations may be challenged later if they are not by individuals (or the owners of fictional characters) in accordance with the domain's charter. | Verisign | Yes[9] | Yes |
.navy | defense contractors | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Unknown | Yes |
.network | general | — | Donuts[donuts 98] | Yes | Yes |
.new | general | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.news | news sites | — | Unknown | Yes | |
.ngo | Non-governmental organizations. Sold packaged with .ong. | Restricted to validated NGOs, as determined by PIR. See the eligibility requirements. | Public Interest Registry | Unknown | Yes |
.ninja | general expertise | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.now | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.observer | news organizations | — | Top Level Spectrum, Inc. | ||
.off | Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.[47] | ||||
.one | general | — | .one (top-level domain) | Unknown | Yes |
.ong | Non-governmental organizations. Sold packaged with .ngo. | Restricted to validated NGOs, as determined by PIR. See the eligibility requirements. | Public Interest Registry | Unknown | Yes |
.onl | short for "online" | — | I-REGISTRY | Unknown | Yes |
.online | generic | — | Radix Registry | Unknown | Yes |
.ooo | general | — | Infibeam | No | Yes |
.open | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.[47] | ||||
.organic | organic gardeners, farmers, foods, etc. | Registrants must be verified as a member of the organic community.[80] | Afilias | Unknown | Yes |
.origins | The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.[47] |
P, Q
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.page | Charleston Road Registry Inc.[47] | ||||
.partners | businesses | — | Donuts[donuts 99] | Yes | Yes |
.parts | manufacturing and consumer auto | — | Donuts[donuts 100] | Yes | Yes |
.party | nightclubs and social gatherings | — | Famous Four Media[ffm 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.pay | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.pet | Afilias plc[47] | ||||
.pharmacy | pharmacies | "All registrants within the .pharmacy gTLD are vetted prior to registration to confirm that they meet all applicable regulatory standards, including pharmacy licensure and valid prescription requirements, in the jurisdictions where they are based and where they serve patients."[81] | National Association of Boards of Pharmacy | Unknown | Yes |
.phone | Dish DBS Corporation [47] | ||||
.photo | photography and photo-sharing | — | Uniregistry | Yes[51] | Yes |
.photography | photography and photo-sharing | — | Donuts[donuts 101] | Yes | Yes |
.photos | photography and photo-sharing | — | Donuts[donuts 102] | Yes | Yes |
.physio | physical therapists | Must be eligible for membership within an association that is a member of the World Confederation for Physical Therapy, have proper training as a physical therapist outside WCPT's reach, or otherwise supports physical therapy.[82][83] | PhysBiz | Unknown | Yes |
.pics | photography and photo-sharing | — | Uniregistry | Yes[51] | Yes |
.pictures | photography and photo-sharing | — | Donuts[donuts 103] | Yes | Yes |
.pid | — | Top Level Spectrum | Unknown | Yes | |
.pin | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.pink | those who like the color pink | — | Afilias | Yes | Yes |
.pizza | pizza parlors | — | Donuts[donuts 104] | Yes | Yes |
.place | general | — | Donuts[donuts 105] | Yes | Yes |
.plumbing | plumbing businesses | — | Donuts[donuts 106] | Yes | Yes |
.plus | generic | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.poker | Poker players and sites | — | Afilias[n 4] | Unknown | Yes |
.porn | adult entertainment (pornography) | For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. | Yes | Yes | |
.post | postal services | The .post TLD is restricted to Postal Administrations as defined in the Universal Postal Union constitution, and their large customers who wish to provide "Trusted Postal Services".[84] | Universal Postal Union | No[85] | Yes |
.press | publishing and journalism | — | Radix Registry | Unknown | Yes |
.prime | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.pro | professions/professionals | — | Registry Services Corporation | No | Yes |
.productions | studio/art businesses | — | Donuts[donuts 107] | Yes | Yes |
.prof | Professors, teachers and learning | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.promo | Afilias plc[47] | ||||
.properties | real estate | — | Donuts[donuts 108] | Yes | Yes |
.property | real estate | — | Uniregistry | Yes[51] | Yes |
.protection | XYZ.COM LLC[47] | ||||
.pub | bars and pubs | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.qpon | coupons | — | dotCOOL | Unknown | Yes |
R
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.racing | racing | — | Famous Four Media | Unknown | Yes |
.radio | European Broadcasting Union (EBU)[47] | ||||
.read | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.realestate | dotRealEstate LLC[47] | ||||
.realtor | realtors | To be restricted to members of the National Association of Realtors and the Canadian Real Estate Association, and related associations.[86] | Real Estate Domains | Unknown | Yes |
.realty | Fegistry, LLC[47] | ||||
.recipes | recipes and cooking | — | Donuts[donuts 109] | Yes | Yes |
.red | those who like the color red[87] Also Spanish variant of .net Also likely to be attractive for domain hacks for words that end with '-red'. | — | Afilias | Yes | Yes |
.rehab | Rehab centers and support sites | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Unknown | Yes |
.reit | real estate investment trusts | Restricted to REITs, as determined by national law.[88] | National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts | Unknown | Yes |
.ren | Renren users (ren means "people/person" in Mandarin Chinese pinyin) | Restricted TLD[89] | Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co. | Unknown | Yes |
.rent | Real estate professionals and small businesses | — | xyz.xyz | Unknown | Yes |
.rentals | short-term ownership | — | Donuts[donuts 110] | Yes | Yes |
.repair | general repair/maintenance businesses | — | Donuts[donuts 111] | Yes | Yes |
.report | business services | — | Donuts[donuts 112] | Yes | Yes |
.republican | Republican Party politics | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Unknown | Yes |
.rest | Restaurants and related industry | — | Punto 2012 | Yes[90] | Yes |
.restaurant | restaurants | — | Donuts[donuts 113] | Yes | Yes |
.review | public reviews | — | Unknown | Yes | |
.reviews | public reviews | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.rich | businesses catering to the wealthy | — | I-REGISTRY | Unknown | Yes |
.rip | memorial sites[91] | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Unknown | Yes |
.rocks | general | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.rodeo | Rodeo interest | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.room | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.rugby | World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited [47] | ||||
.run | running and jogging | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
S
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.safe | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.sale | retail | — | Unknown | Yes | |
.save | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.scholarships | scholarship related | — | Scholarships.com[92][93] | Unknown | Unknown |
.school | schools | — | Donuts[donuts 114] | Yes | Yes |
.science | science-related sites | — | dot Science | Unknown | Yes |
.search | Charleston Road Registry Inc.[47] | ||||
.secure | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.security | XYZ.COM LLC[47] | ||||
.select | iSelect Ltd[47] | ||||
.services | business services | — | Donuts[donuts 115] | Yes | Yes |
.sex | adult entertainment (pornography) | For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. | Yes | Yes | |
.sexy | adult entertainment | — | Uniregistry | Yes[51] | Yes |
.shoes | shoes | — | Donuts[donuts 116] | Yes | Yes |
.shop | GMO Registry, Inc.[47] | ||||
.shopping | Over Keep, LLC[47] | ||||
.show | entertainment and vlogs | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.showtime | CBS Domains Inc.[47] | ||||
.silk | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.singles | online dating | — | Donuts[donuts 117] | Yes | Yes |
.site | general | — | Unknown | Yes | |
.ski | STARTING DOT LIMITED[47] | ||||
.skin | L'Oréal[47] | ||||
.sky | Sky International AG[47] | ||||
.sling | Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation [47] | ||||
.smile | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.soccer | soccer | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.social | general interest | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.software | computer software | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Unknown | Yes |
.solar | solar-power | — | Donuts[donuts 118] | Yes | Yes |
.solutions | business services | — | Donuts[donuts 119] | Yes | Yes |
.song | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.space | as a creative space | — | Radix Registry | Unknown | Yes |
.spot | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.spreadbetting | DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD[47] | ||||
.storage | Self Storage Company LLC [47] | ||||
.store | stores | — | Radix Registry | Yes | Yes |
.stream | dot Stream Limited[47] | ||||
.studio | art, fitness, & entertainment | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.study | OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD[47] | ||||
.style | fashion | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.sucks | gripe sites | — | Vox Populi | Unknown | Yes |
.supplies | manufacturing industries | — | Donuts[donuts 120] | Yes | Yes |
.supply | manufacturing industries | — | Donuts[donuts 121] | Yes | Yes |
.support | help pages | — | Donuts[donuts 122] | Yes[94] | Yes |
.surf | surfing | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Unknown | Yes |
.surgery | healthcare industry | — | Donuts[donuts 123] | Yes | Yes |
.systems | technology | — | Donuts[donuts 124] | Yes | Yes |
T, U, V
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.talk | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.tattoo | tattoo aficionados | — | Uniregistry | Yes[51] | Yes |
.tax | financial | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.taxi | taxi services | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.team | team sports | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.tech | technology | — | Radix Registry | Yes | Yes |
.technology | technology | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.tel | Internet communication services | A contact directory housing all types of contact information directly in the Domain Name System. | Yes[95] | Yes | |
.tennis | tennis | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.theater | theaters and cinemas | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.theatre | XYZ.COM LLC[47] | ||||
.tickets | Accent Media Limited[47] | ||||
.tips | general help topics | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.tires | tire manufacturers | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.today | general | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.tools | manufacturing industries | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.top | general | — | Jiangsu Bangning | Unknown | Yes |
.tours | tourism | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.town | generic geographic | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.toys | toy businesses | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.trade | businesses | — | Yes | Yes | |
.trading | DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD[47] | ||||
.training | sports and fitness | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.travel | travel and tourism industry related sites | Must be verified as a legitimate travel-related entity. | No | Yes | |
.travelersinsurance | Travelers TLD, LLC[47] | ||||
.trust | Artemis Internet Inc[47] | ||||
.tube | Latin American Telecom LLC[47] | ||||
.tunes | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.uconnect | FCA US LLC[47] | ||||
.university | young adults, university life | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.vacations | travel | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.ventures | funding for start-ups | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.vet | veterans and veterinarians | — | Yes | Yes | |
.video | video sharing | — | Unknown | Yes | |
.villas | real estate and/or travel businesses | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.vip | Minds + Machines Group Limited[47] | ||||
.vision | eye-care businesses | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.vodka | Vodka-related businesses and interest | — | Yes | Yes | |
.vote | democratic elections and campaign websites | Must use the domain in connection with a "clearly identified political/democratic process."[96] | Afilias | Unknown | Yes |
.voting | polling sites | — | Latin and Cyrillic scripts[9] | Yes | |
.voyage | travel | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
W, X, Y, Z
Name | Target market | Restrictions | Operator/Registry | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.wang | general Wǎng is a Chinese Mandarin pinyin rendering of 网 (traditional 網) meaning "web" or "portal".[97] Wang is also a common surname in mainland China. | — | Yes[98] | Yes | |
.watch | Watches | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.watches | Richemont DNS Inc.[47] | ||||
.weather | International Business Machines Corporation[47] | ||||
.webcam | Web cam shows and video sharing | — | Yes | Yes | |
.website | general | — | Radix Registry | Unknown | Yes |
.wed | engaged couples and wedding-oriented businesses | This TLD is intended primarily for engaged couples on a short-term basis (two years with prohibitive third-year renewal fees for second-level domains).[99] And although the registry is advertising for multiple world languages, all domains appear to need to be in Latin script.[100] | No | Yes | |
.wedding | wedding-oriented businesses | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.whoswho | general | An open TLD, any person or entity is permitted to register. Conceived for those cited in one of the Who's Who reference titles published around the world, the registry was opened for use by private individuals, and for-profit and nonprofit entities, including those with social media aspirations. Registry policies allow for rapid takedown of non-compliant domains, for violations including imposturous registration of another's names, and proscribed uses, including pornography or adult services/applications. | Who's Who Registry | Yes | Yes |
.wiki | wikis | "An open TLD for anyone interested in community resource creation" | Top Level Design | Yes | Yes |
.win | games, Microsoft Windows | — | Famous Four Media | Unknown | Yes |
.wine | Wine | — | — | Unknown | Unknown |
.winners | The TJX Companies, Inc.[47] | ||||
.work | general | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.works | general | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.world | general | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.wow | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.wtf | general | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
.xxx | adult entertainment (pornography) | For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. | Uniregistry | Yes | Yes |
.xyz | general | — | XYZ.com | Yes[101] | Yes |
.yachts | DERYachts, LLC | [47] | |||
.yoga | yoga | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.you | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.zero | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | ||||
.zone | general | — | Donuts | Yes | Yes |
Chinese
Name | Chinese term | Translation | Restrictions | Operator | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.shouji | 手机 shŏujī | mobile phone | QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. | |||
.tushu | 图书 túshū | books | Amazon Registry Services, Inc. | |||
.wanggou | 网购 wǎnggòu | online shopping | Amazon Registry Services, Inc. | |||
微博 wēibó | microblogging | Sina Corporation | ||||
.xihuan | 喜欢 xǐhuān | like | QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. |
French
Name | Translation | Restrictions | Operator | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.arte | Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E. | [47] | |||
.clinique | "hospital" | The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. | [47] | ||
.luxe | "luxury" | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Unknown | Yes |
.maison | "house" | — | Donuts[donuts 125] | Chinese, French, German, Spanish[102] | Yes |
.moi | "me" | Amazon Registry Services, Inc. | [47] | ||
.rsvp | Invitations and replies | — | Google[n 2] | Unknown | Yes |
.sarl | Société à responsabilité limitée, Francophone Limited liability company | — | Donuts[donuts 126] | Yes | Yes |
German
Name | Translation | Restrictions | Operator | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.epost | Deutsche Post AG | ||||
.gmbh | GmbH | Upon request, you will be required to demonstrate current or pending designation as a GmbH company whose existence can be validated with the respective public authorities in Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein or Switzerland. | Extra Dynamite, LLC | ||
.haus | "house" | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.immobilien | "real estate" | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | German[9] | Yes |
.jetzt | "now" | — | New TLD Company | Yes | Yes |
.kaufen | "buy" | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | German[9] | Yes |
.kinder | children | Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. | |||
.reise | "travel" | Must be an eligible member of the travel business community; also, domain must be used for travel-related purposes.[103] | dotreise | Latin script[9] | Yes |
.reisen | "traveling" | — | Donuts[donuts 127] | German[9] | Yes |
.schule | "school" | — | Donuts[donuts 128] | Yes | Yes |
.versicherung | "insurance" | — | Latin script[9] | Yes |
Hindi
Name | Translation | Restrictions | Operator | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.desi | Hindi for the peoples and cultures of South Asia See also Desi | — | Desi Networks | Unknown | Yes |
.shiksha | Hindi for "education". | — | Afilias | Unknown | Yes |
Italian
Name | Translation | Restrictions | Operator | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.casa | "house" | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes |
.immo | French, German,[104] and Italian abbreviation for "real estate" | — | Donuts[donuts 129] | Yes | Yes |
.moda | "fashion" | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Spanish[9] | Yes |
.voto | "vote", for election and campaign websites | Must use the domain in connection with a "clearly identified political/democratic process."[105] Initially only available to registrations in the United States.[106] | Afilias | Unknown | Yes |
Portuguese
Name | Translation | Restrictions | Operator | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.bom | good | Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br | |||
.passagens | ticket | Travel Reservations SRL |
Spanish
Name | Translation | Restrictions | Operator | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.abogado | "lawyer" | To be restricted to licensed lawyers or law firms.[107] | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Unknown | Yes |
.gratis | "free" | — | Donuts[donuts 130] | Yes | Yes |
.futbol | Football (soccer for United States) | — | Rightside Group[n 1] | Yes | Yes |
.hoteles | hotels | Travel Reservations SRL | |||
.juegos | "games" | — | Uniregistry | Yes[51] | Yes |
.ltda | companies in South America | Domains are limited to registered LTDAs (like LLCs) in Brazil, Colombia, Chile, and Ecuador.[108] | InterNetX | Unknown | Yes |
.soy | "I am" Also refers to the soybean and its food derivatives | — | Google[n 2] | Latin script, Japanese[109] | Yes |
.tienda | "shop", "store" | — | Donuts | Spanish | Yes |
.uno | "one", for websites targeting Spanish speaking consumers | — | Spanish | Yes | |
.viajes | "travel" | — | Donuts | Spanish | Yes |
.vuelos | flights | Travel Reservations SRL |
Internationalized generic top-level domains
All of these TLDs are internationalized domain names (IDN) and support second-level IDNs.
- Notes: general remarks and intended use
- DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions
Arabic script
DNS Name | IDN | Language | Script | Transliteration | English Translation | Notes | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
xn--4gbrim[110] | موقع. | Arabic | Arabic | mawqiʿ | "site" or "location" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--fhbei[110] | .كوم | Arabic | kūm | com | Owned by: VeriSign Sarl [47] | ||
xn--mgbb9fbpob[110] | .موبايلي | Arabic | mūbāylī | My mobile (phone) | Owned by: GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.[47] | ||
xn--mgbi4ecexp[110] | .كاثوليك | Arabic | kāthūlīk | Catholic | Owned by: Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) [47] | ||
xn--ngbc5azd[110] | شبكة. | Arabic | Arabic | shabaka | "network" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--ngbe9e0a[110] | .بيتك | Arabic | baytak | your home | Owned by: Kuwait Finance House [47] | ||
xn--mgbab2bd[110] | بازار. | Persian | Arabic | bâzâr | "market", "bazaar" | Open TLD | Yes |
Chinese characters
DNS Name | IDN | Language | Script | Transliteration | English Translation | Notes | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
xn--3ds443g[110] | .在线 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | zàixiàn | "online" | Open TLD. The Chinese Government quickly bought 20,000 internationalized subdomains for localities.[111] | Yes |
xn--fiq228c5hs[110] | .中文网 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | Zhōngwén wǎng | "(written) Chinese (language) network" | Open TLD. The Chinese Government quickly bought 20,000 IDN for localities.[111] | Yes |
xn--ses554g[110] | .网址 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | wǎngzhǐ | "network address" or "website" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--5tzm5g[110] | .网站 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | wǎngzhàn | "website" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--io0a7i[110] | .网络 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | wǎngluò | "network" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--55qx5d[110] | .公司 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) | gōngsī | "business organization" or "company" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--czru2d[110] | .商城 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) | shāngchéng | "mall" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--nqv7f[110] | .机构 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | jīgòu | "agency" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--6qq986b3xl[110] | .我爱你 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | wǒ ài nǐ | "I love you" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--czr694b[110] | .商标 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | shāngbiāo | "trademark" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--rhqv96g[110] | .世界 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) | shìjiè | "world" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--3bst00m[110] | .集团 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | jítuán | "conglomerate" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--30rr7y[110] | .慈善 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | Císhàn | "philanthropy" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--45q11c[110] | .八卦 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | Bāguà | "gossip" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--55qw42g[110] | .公益 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | Gōngyì | "philanthropy" | Open TLD | Yes |
Cyrillic script
DNS Name | IDN | Language | Script | Transliteration | English Translation | Notes | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
xn--d1acj3b[110] | .дети | Russian | Cyrillic (Russian) | dyeti | "kids" or "children" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--80aqecdr1a[110] | .католик | Cyrillic | Katolik | Catholic | Owned by: Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (Pontifical Council for Social Communications) [47] | ||
xn--j1aef[110] | .ком | Russian | Cyrillic (Russian) | kom | com | ||
xn--80asehdb[110] | .онлайн | Russian | Cyrillic (Russian) | onlain | "online" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--c1avg[110] | .орг | Russian | Cyrillic (Russian) | org | "org" or "organization" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--80aswg[110] | .сайт | Russian | Cyrillic (Russian) | sait | "site" | Open TLD | Yes |
Other script
DNS Name | IDN | Language | Script | Transliteration | English Translation | Notes | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
xn--i1b6b1a6a2e[110] | .संगठन | Hindi | Devanagari | saṅgaṭhana | "organization" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--11b4c3d[110] | .कॉम | Hindi | Devanagari | kom | com | ||
xn--c2br7g[110] | .नेट | Hindi | Devanagari | net | net | ||
xn--mk1bu44c[110] | .닷컴 | Korean | Hangul | datkeom / tatk'ŏm | dotcom | ||
xn--t60b56a[110] | .닷넷 | Korean | Hangul | datnet / tatnet | dotnet | ||
xn--9dbq2a[110] | .קום | Hebrew | Hebrew | qwm | "com" | Open TLD | Yes |
xn--q9jyb4c[110] | .みんな | Japanese | Hiragana | minna | everyone | Open TLD [112] | Yes |
xn--1ck2e1b[110] | .セール | Japanese | Katakana | sēru | sale | Owned by: Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[47] | |
xn--bck1b9a5dre4c[110] | .ファッション | Japanese | Katakana | fasshon | fashion | ||
xn--cck2b3b[110] | .ストア | Japanese | Katakana | sutoa | store | ||
xn--eckvdtc9d[110] | .ポイント | Japanese | Katakana | pointo | point | ||
xn--gckr3f0f[110] | .クラウド | Japanese | Katakana | kuraudo | cloud | ||
xn--tckwe[110] | .コム | Japanese | Katakana | komu | com | Owned by: VeriSign Sarl [47] | |
xn--42c2d9a[110] | .คอม | Thai | Thai | khom | com |
Geographic top-level domains
- Name: DNS name
- Entity: Target geographic area
- Notes: general remarks
- IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
- DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions
Africa
Name | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|
.africa | Africa | [47] | ||
.capetown | Cape Town, South Africa | [113] | Unknown | Yes |
.durban | Durban, South Africa | [114] | Unknown | Yes |
.joburg | Johannesburg, South Africa | [115] | Unknown | Yes |
Asia
Name | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|
.abudhabi | Abu Dhabi | [47] | ||
.arab | League of Arab States | [47] | ||
.asia | Asia-Pacific region | This is a TLD for companies, organizations, and individuals based in the region of Asia, Australia, and the Pacific. | Chinese, Japanese, Korean[9] | Yes |
.doha | Doha | [47] | ||
.dubai | Dubai | [47] | ||
.krd | This is a TLD for companies, organizations, and individuals based in the region of Kurdistan [116][117] | Kurdish | Yes | |
.kyoto | Kyoto, Japan | [118] | ||
.nagoya | Nagoya, Japan | [119] | Japanese[9] | Yes |
.okinawa | Okinawa, Japan | Japanese | Yes | |
.osaka | Osaka, Japan | [47] | ||
.ryukyu | Ryukyu Islands, Japan | [120] | Unknown | Yes |
.taipei | Taipei, Taiwan | Introduced in September, 2014[121] | Unknown | Yes |
.tatar | Tatar peoples and places | Tatarstan is a region in Russia, though this TLD is meant for the global Tatar community.[122] | Unknown | Yes |
.tokyo | Tokyo, Japan | [123] | Yes | Yes |
.yokohama | Yokohama, Japan | [124] | Japanese | Yes |
Europe
Name | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|
.alsace | [125] | Unknown | Yes | |
.amsterdam | Amsterdam, The Netherlands | [126] | Unknown | Yes |
.bcn | Barcelona, Spain | [47] | ||
.barcelona | Barcelona, Spain | Unknown | Yes | |
.bayern | [127] | Yes | Yes | |
.berlin | [128] | Latin and Cyrillic scripts[9] | Yes | |
.brussels | Brussels, Belgium | [129] | Latin script[9] | Yes |
.budapest | Budapest, Hungary | [130] | Unknown | Yes |
.bzh | Breizh in Breton.[131] This is a TLD for Web sites in the Breton language or related to Breton culture | French[9] | Yes | |
.cat | This is a TLD for Web sites in the Catalan language or related to Catalan culture.[132] | Catalan[9] | Yes | |
.cologne | Cologne, Germany | [133] | Yes | Yes |
.corsica | TLD Related to Corsican Culture | Unknown | Yes | |
.cymru | [134] | Welsh[9] | Yes | |
.eus | Basque, Spain and France | Euskal Herria in Basque. Web sites must be in the Basque language and are checked periodically.[135] | Unknown | Yes |
.frl | Fryslân in (West) Frisian, one of the twelve provinces in the Netherlands.[136] | Unknown | Yes | |
.gal | Galicia, Spain | This is a TLD for Web sites in the Galician language or related to Galician culture.[137] | Unknown | Yes |
.gent | Ghent, Belgium | [138] | Unknown | Yes |
.hamburg | Hamburg, Germany | Latin script[9] | Yes | |
.helsinki | Helsinki | |||
.irish | Unknown | Yes | ||
.ist | İstanbul, Turkey | Unknown | Unknown | |
.istanbul | İstanbul, Turkey | Unknown | Unknown | |
.koeln | Cologne, Germany | [139] | Yes | Yes |
.london | London, United Kingdom | [140] | Yes | Yes |
.madrid | Madrid, Spain | [141] | Unknown | Yes |
.moscow | Moscow, Russia | [142] | Yes | Yes |
.nrw | North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | [143] | Yes | Yes |
.paris | Paris, France | [144] | French[9] | Yes |
.ruhr | Ruhr, Germany | [145] | German[9] | Yes |
.saarland | [146] | Unknown | Yes | |
.scot | [147] | Unknown | Yes | |
.stockholm | Stockholm | [47] | ||
.swiss | [47] | |||
.tirol | [148] | Yes[9] | Yes | |
.vlaanderen | [149] | Latin script[9] | Yes | |
.wales | [134] | Welsh[9] | Yes | |
.wien | Vienna, Austria | [150] | Latin script[9] | Yes |
.zuerich | Zurich, Switzerland | [151] | Unknown | Yes |
North America
Name | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC | Alternatives |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
.boston | Boston, Massachusetts | [47] | .boston.ma.us | ||
.miami | Miami, Florida | [152] | Unknown | Yes | |
.nyc | New York City, New York | [153] | Spanish[9] | Yes | .new-york.ny.us |
.quebec | Québec, Canada | [154] | Unknown | Yes | .qc.ca |
.vegas | Las Vegas, Nevada | [155] | Yes | Yes | .las-vegas.nv.us |
Oceania
Name | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|
.kiwi | New Zealanders | [156] | Latin script[9] | Yes |
.melbourne | Melbourne, Australia | [157] | Unknown | Yes |
.sydney | Sydney, Australia | [158] | Unknown | Yes |
South America
Name | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|
.lat | Latin America | [159] | Spanish[160] | Yes |
.rio | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | [161] | Unknown | Yes |
Internationalized geographic top-level domains
DNS name | IDN | Entity | Language | Script | Transliteration | Notes | Other TLD | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
xn--1qqw23a[110] | .佛山 | Foshan, China | Chinese | Chinese | fóshān | [162] | Yes | Yes | |
xn--xhq521b[110] | .广东 | Guangdong, China | Chinese | Chinese | guǎngdōng | [47] | |||
xn--80adxhks[110] | .москва | Moscow, Russia | Russian | Cyrillic (Russian) | moskva | [163] | .moscow | Russian[9] | Yes |
xn--p1acf[110] | .рус | Russia | Russian | Cyrillic (Russian) | rus | [47] | .ru / .рф | ||
xn--mgbca7dzdo[110] | .ابوظبي | Abu Dhabi | Arabic | Arabic | Abū Ẓabī | [47] | .abudhabi | ||
xn--ngbrx[110] | .عرب | Arab | Arabic | Arabic | ‘Arab | [47] |
Brand top-level domains
- Name: DNS name
- Entity: company and/or brand
- Notes: general remarks
- IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
- DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions
Name | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|
.aaa | American Automobile Association, Inc. | [47] | ||
.aarp | AARP | [47] | ||
.abarth | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. (Abarth) | [47] | ||
.abb | ABB Ltd | [47] | ||
.abbott | Abbott Laboratories, Inc. | [47] | ||
.abbvie | AbbVie Inc. | [47] | ||
.abc | American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.[164] | [47] | ||
.accenture | Accenture plc | [47] | ||
.aco | ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG | [47] | ||
.aeg | Aktiebolaget Electrolux | [47] | ||
.aetna | Aetna Life Insurance Company | [47] | ||
.afl | Australian Football League | [47] | ||
.agakhan | Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) | [47] | ||
.aig | American International Group, Inc. | [47] | ||
.aigo | aigo Digital Technology Co, Ltd. | [47] | ||
.airbus | Airbus S.A.S. | [47] | ||
.airtel | Bharti Airtel Limited | [47] | ||
.akdn | Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) | [47] | ||
.alfaromeo | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. (Alfa Romeo) | [47] | ||
.alibaba | Alibaba Group Holding Limited | [47] | ||
.alipay | Alibaba Group Holding Limited | [47] | ||
.allfinanz | Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft | [165] | Unknown | Yes |
.allstate | Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company | [47] | ||
.ally | Ally Financial Inc. | [47] | ||
.alstom | ALSTOM | [47] | ||
.americanexpress | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | [47] | ||
.amex | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | [47] | ||
.amica | Amica Mutual Insurance Company | [47] | ||
.android | Google (Android) | [166] | Unknown | Yes |
.anz | Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited | [47] | ||
.aol | AOL Inc. | [47] | ||
.apple | Apple Inc. | [47] | ||
.aquarelle | Aquarelle.com Group | [167] | Unknown | Yes |
.aramco | Aramco Services Company | [47] | ||
.audi | AUDI Aktiengesellschaft | [47] | ||
.auspost | Australian Postal Corporation | [47] | ||
.axa | AXA | [168] | Yes[9] | Yes |
.azure | Microsoft Corporation | [47] | ||
.baidu | Baidu, Inc. | [47] | ||
.bananarepublic | The Gap, Inc. | [47] | ||
.barclaycard | Barclays | [169] | Unknown | Yes |
.barclays | Barclays | [169] | Unknown | Yes |
.basketball | FIBA | [170] | ||
.bauhaus | Werkhaus GmbH | [47] | ||
.bbc | British Broadcasting Corporation | [47] | ||
.bbt | BB&T Corporation | [47] | ||
.bbva | Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. | [47] | ||
.bcg | The Boston Consulting Group, Inc. | [47] | ||
.bentley | Bentley Motors Limited | [47] | ||
.bharti | Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited | [47] | ||
.bing | Microsoft Corporation | [47] | ||
.blanco | BLANCO GmbH + Co KG | [47] | ||
.bloomberg | Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC | [171] | Unknown | Yes |
.bms | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | [47] | ||
.bmw | Bayerische Motoren Werke AG | [172] | No | Yes |
.bnl | Banca Nazionale del Lavoro | [173] | Unknown | Yes |
.bnpparibas | BNP Paribas | [174] | Unknown | Yes |
.boehringer | Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH | [47] | ||
.bond | Bond University Limited | [47] | ||
.booking | Booking.com B.V. | [47] | ||
.bosch | Robert Bosch GmbH | [47] | ||
.bostik | Bostik SA | [47] | ||
.bradesco | Bradesco | [175] | Unknown | Yes |
.bridgestone | Bridgestone Corporation | [47] | ||
.brother | Brother Industries, Ltd. | [47] | ||
.bugatti | Bugatti International SA | [47] | ||
.cal | Google (Google Calendar) | [176] | Unknown | Yes |
.calvinklein | PVH gTLD Holdings LLC | [47] | ||
.canon | Canon Inc. | [47] | ||
.capitalone | Capital One Financial Corporation | [47] | ||
.caravan | Caravan International, Inc. | [177] | Unknown | Yes |
.cartier | Richemont DNS Inc. | [47] | ||
.cba | Commonwealth Bank Of Australia | [47] | ||
.cbn | The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc. | [47] | ||
.cbre | CBRE, Inc. | [47] | ||
.cbs | CBS Domains Inc. | [47] | ||
.cern | CERN | [178] | Unknown | Yes |
.cfa | CFA Institute | [47] | ||
.chanel | Chanel International B.V. | [47] | ||
.chase | JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association | [47] | ||
.chintai | Chintai Corporation | [47] | ||
.chrome | Google (Google Chrome) | [179] | Unknown | Yes |
.chrysler | FCA US LLC | [47] | ||
.cisco | Cisco Technology, Inc. | [47] | ||
.citadel | Citadel Domain LLC | [47] | ||
.citi | Citigroup Inc. | [47] | ||
.citic | CITIC Group | [180] | No | Yes |
.clubmed | Club Méditerranée S.A. | [47] | ||
.comcast | Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC | [47] | ||
.commbank | Commonwealth Bank Of Australia | [47] | ||
.creditunion | CUNA Performance Resources, LLC | [47] | ||
.crown | Crown Equipment Corporation | [47] | ||
.crs | Federated Co-operatives Limited (Co-Operative Retailing System) | [181] | Unknown | Yes |
.csc | DXC Technology (Formerly CSC) | |||
.cuisinella | Société Alsacienne de Meubles (Cuisinella) | [182] | Unknown | Yes |
.dabur | Dabur India Limited | [47] | ||
.datsun | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | [47] | ||
.dealer | Dealer Dot Com, Inc. | [47] | ||
.dell | Dell Inc. | [47] | ||
.deloitte | Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu | [47] | ||
.delta | Delta Air Lines, Inc. | [47] | ||
.dhl | Deutsche Post AG | [47] | ||
.discover | Discover Financial Services | [47] | ||
.dish | Dish DBS Corporation | [47] | ||
.dnp | Dai Nippon Printing Co. | [183] | Unknown | Yes |
.dodge | FCA US LLC (Dodge) | [47] | ||
.dunlop | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | [47] | ||
.dupont | E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company | [47] | ||
.dvag | Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft | [184] | Unknown | Yes |
.edeka | Edeka | [185] | Unknown | Yes |
.emerck | Merck KGaA | [186] | Unknown | Yes |
.epson | Seiko Epson Corporation | [47] | ||
.ericsson | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson | [47] | ||
.erni | ERNI Group Holding AG | [47] | ||
.esurance | Esurance Insurance Company | [47] | ||
.etisalat | Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat) | [47] | ||
.eurovision | European Broadcasting Union (EBU) | [47] | ||
.everbank | EverBank | [187] | Unknown | Yes |
.extraspace | Extra Space Storage LLC | [47] | ||
.fage | Fage International S.A. | [47] | ||
.fairwinds | FairWinds Partners, LLC | [47] | ||
.farmers | Farmers Insurance Exchange | [47] | ||
.fedex | FedEx Corporation | [47] | ||
.ferrari | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. (Ferrari) | [47] | ||
.ferrero | Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. | [47] | ||
.fiat | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. | [47] | ||
.fidelity | Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC | [47] | ||
.firestone | Bridgestone Licensing Services, Inc. | [47] | ||
.firmdale | Firmdale Holdings | [188] | Unknown | Yes |
.flickr | Yahoo! Domain Services Inc. | [47] | ||
.flir | FLIR Systems, Inc. | [47] | ||
.flsmidth | FLSmidth A/S | [189] | Unknown | Yes |
.ford | Ford Motor Company | [47] | ||
.fox | FOX Registry, LLC | [47] | ||
.fresenius | Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH | [47] | ||
.forex | Dotforex Registry Ltd | [47] | ||
.frogans | OP3FT | Solely for use by the Frogans technology[190] | Yes[9] | Yes |
.frontier | Frontier Communications Corporation | [47] | ||
.fujitsu | Fujitsu Limited | [47] | ||
.fujixerox | Xerox DNHC LLC | [47] | ||
.gallo | Gallo Vineyards, Inc. | [47] | ||
.gallup | Gallup, Inc. | [47] | ||
.gap | The Gap, Inc. | [47] | ||
.gbiz | [191] | Unknown | Yes | |
.gea | GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft | [47] | ||
.genting | Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd. | [47] | ||
.giving | Giving Limited | [47] | ||
.gle | [192] | Unknown | Yes | |
.globo | Grupo Globo | [193] | No | Yes |
.gmail | Google (Gmail) | [194] | Unknown | Yes |
.gmo | GMO Internet | [195] | Unknown | Yes |
.gmx | 1&1 Mail & Media (Global Message Exchange) | [196] | Unknown | Yes |
.godaddy | Go Daddy East, LLC | [47] | ||
.goldpoint | Yodobashi Camera Co., Ltd. | [47] | ||
.goodyear | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | [47] | ||
.goog | [197] | Unknown | Yes | |
[198] | Unknown | Yes | ||
.grainger | Grainger Registry Services, LLC | [47] | ||
.guardian | The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America | [47] | ||
.gucci | Guccio Gucci S.p.a. | [47] | ||
.hbo | HBO Registry Services, Inc. | [47] | ||
.hdfc | Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited | [47] | ||
.hdfcbank | HDFC Bank Limited | [47] | ||
.hermes | Hermes International | [47] | ||
.hisamitsu | Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc. | [47] | ||
.hitachi | Hitachi, Ltd. | [47] | ||
.hkt | PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited | [47] | ||
.honda | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | [47] | ||
.honeywell | Honeywell GTLD LLC | [47] | ||
.hotmail | Microsoft Corporation | [47] | ||
.hsbc | HSBC | [199] | Unknown | Yes |
.hughes | Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation | [47] | ||
.hyatt | Hyatt GTLD, L.L.C. | [47] | ||
.hyundai | Hyundai Motor Company | [47] | ||
.ibm | IBM | [200] | Unknown | Yes |
.ieee | IEEE Global LLC | [47] | ||
.ifm | ifm electronic gmbh | [47] | ||
.ikano | Ikano S.A. | [47] | ||
.imdb | Amazon Registry Services, Inc. | [47] | ||
.infiniti | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. (Infiniti) | [47] | ||
.intel | Intel Corporation | [47] | ||
.intuit | Intuit Administrative Services, Inc. | [47] | ||
.ipiranga | Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A. | [47] | ||
.iselect | iSelect Ltd | [47] | ||
.itau | Itau Unibanco Holding S.A. | [47] | ||
.itv | ITV Services Limited | [47] | ||
.iveco | CNH Industrial N.V. | [47] | ||
.jaguar | Jaguar Land Rover Ltd | [47] | ||
.java | Oracle Corporation | [47] | ||
.jcb | JCB Co., Ltd. | [47] | ||
.jcp | JCP Media, Inc. | [47] | ||
.jeep | FCA US LLC (Jeep) | [47] | ||
.jpmorgan | JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association | [47] | ||
.juniper | Juniper Networks, Inc. | [47] | ||
.kddi | KDDI Corporation | [47] | ||
.kerryhotels | Kerry Trading Co. Limited | [47] | ||
.kerrylogistics | Kerry Trading Co. Limited | [47] | ||
.kerryproperties | Kerry Trading Co. Limited | [47] | ||
.kfh | Kuwait Finance House | [47] | ||
.kia | Kia Motors Corporation | [47] | ||
.kindle | Amazon Registry Services, Inc. | [47] | ||
.komatsu | Komatsu Ltd. | [47] | ||
.kpmg | KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft) | [47] | ||
.kred | KredTLD | [201] | Unknown | Yes |
.kuokgroup | Kerry Trading Co. Limited | [47] | ||
.lacaixa | Caixa d’Estalvis i Pensions de Barcelona | [202] | Unknown | Yes |
.ladbrokes | Ladbrokes International PLC | [47] | ||
.lamborghini | Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. | [47] | ||
.lancaster | Lancaster | [47] | ||
.lancia | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. (Lancia) | [47] | ||
.lancome | L'Oréal | [47] | ||
.landrover | Jaguar Land Rover Ltd | [47] | ||
.lanxess | Lanxess Corporation | [47] | ||
.lasalle | Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated | [47] | ||
.latrobe | La Trobe University | [203] | Unknown | Yes |
.lds | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)[204] | [205] | Unknown | Yes |
.lego | LEGO Juris A/S | [47] | ||
.liaison | Liaison Technologies, Incorporated | [47] | ||
.lexus | Toyota Motor Corporation (Lexus) | [47] | ||
.lidl | Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG | [47] | ||
.lifestyle | Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. | [47] | ||
.lilly | Eli Lilly and Company | [47] | ||
.lincoln | Ford Motor Company (Lincoln) | [47] | ||
.linde | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | [47] | ||
.lipsy | Lipsy Ltd | [47] | ||
.lixil | LIXIL Group Corporation | [47] | ||
.locus | Locus Analytics LLC | [47] | ||
.lotte | Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd. | [47] | ||
.lpl | LPL Holdings, Inc. | [47] | ||
.lplfinancial | LPL Holdings, Inc. | [47] | ||
.lundbeck | H. Lundbeck A/S | [47] | ||
.lupin | Lupin Limited | [47] | ||
.macys | Macy's, Inc. | [47] | ||
.maif | Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF) | [47] | ||
.man | MAN SE | [47] | ||
.mango | MANGO | [206] | Latin script[9] | Yes |
.marriott | Marriott Worldwide Corporation | [47] | ||
.maserati | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. (Maserati) | [47] | ||
.mattel | Mattel Sites, Inc. | [47] | ||
.mckinsey | McKinsey Holdings, Inc. | [47] | ||
.metlife | MetLife Services and Solutions, LLC | [47] | ||
.microsoft | Microsoft Corporation | [47] | ||
.mini | BMW (Mini) | [207] | No | Yes |
.mit | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | [47] | ||
.mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Corporation | [47] | ||
.mlb | MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC | [47] | ||
.mma | MMA IARD | [47] | ||
.monash | Monash University | [208][209] | No | Yes |
.mormon | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)[204] | [210] | Unknown | Yes |
.moto | Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC | [47] | ||
.movistar | Telefónica S.A. | [47] | ||
.msd | MSD Registry Holdings, Inc. | [47] | ||
.mtn | MTN Dubai Limited | [47] | ||
.mtr | MTR Corporation Limited | [47] | ||
.mutual | Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC | [47] | ||
.nadex | Nadex Domains, Inc | [47] | ||
.nationwide | Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company | [47] | ||
.natura | Natura Cosméticos S.A. | [47] | ||
.nba | NBA Registry, LLC | [47] | ||
.nec | NEC Corporation | [47] | ||
.netflix | Netflix, Inc. | [47] | ||
.neustar | Neustar | [211] | No | Yes |
.newholland | CNH Industrial N.V. | [47] | ||
.nexus | Google (Google Nexus) | [212] | Unknown | Yes |
.nfl | NFL Reg Ops LLC | [47] | ||
.nhk | NHK | [213] | Unknown | Yes |
.nico | Dwango Co., Ltd. (Niconico) | [214] | Unknown | Yes |
.nike | Nike, Inc. | [47] | ||
.nikon | Nikon Corporation | [47] | ||
.nissan | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | [47] | ||
.nissay | Nippon Life Insurance Company | [47] | ||
.nokia | Nokia Corporation | [47] | ||
.northwesternmutual | Northwestern Mutual Registry, LLC | [47] | ||
.norton | Symantec Corporation | [47] | ||
.nra | National Rifle Association | [215] | Unknown | Yes |
.ntt | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | [47] | ||
.obi | OBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA | [47] | ||
.office | Microsoft Corporation | [47] | ||
.omega | The Swatch Group Ltd | [47] | ||
.oracle | Oracle Corporation | [47] | ||
.orange | Orange Brand Services Limited | [47] | ||
.otsuka | Otsuka Holdings | [216] | Unknown | Yes |
.ovh | OVH | [217] | French[9] | Yes |
.panasonic | Panasonic Corporation | [47] | ||
.pccw | PCCW Enterprises Limited | [47] | ||
.pfizer | Pfizer Inc. | [47] | ||
.philips | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | [47] | ||
.piaget | Piaget SA | [218] | Unknown | Yes |
.pictet | Pictet Europe S.A. | [47] | ||
.ping | Ping Registry Provider, Inc. | [47] | ||
.pioneer | Pioneer Corporation | [47] | ||
.play | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google) | [47] | ||
.playstation | Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. | [47] | ||
.pohl | Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft (founder Reinfried Pohl) | [219] | Unknown | Yes |
.politie | Politie Nederland | [47] | ||
.praxi | Praxi | [220] | Unknown | Yes |
.prod | Google (products) | [221] | Unknown | Yes |
.progressive | Progressive Casualty Insurance Company | [47] | ||
.pru | Prudential Financial, Inc. | [47] | ||
.prudential | Prudential Financial, Inc. | [47] | ||
.pwc | PwC | [222] | Unknown | Yes |
.quest | Quest ION Limited | [47] | ||
.qvc | QVC, Inc. | [47] | ||
.redstone | Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd. | [47] | ||
.reliance | Reliance Industries Limited | [47] | ||
.rexroth | Robert Bosch GmbH | [47] | ||
.ricoh | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | [47] | ||
.rmit | Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology | [47] | ||
.rocher | Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. | [47] | ||
.rogers | Rogers Communications Canada Inc. | [47] | ||
.rwe | RWE AG | [47] | ||
.safety | Safety Registry Services, LLC. | [47] | ||
.sakura | SAKURA Internet Inc. | [47] | ||
.samsung | SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD | [47] | ||
.sandvik | Sandvik AB | [47] | ||
.sandvikcoromant | Sandvik Coromant | [223] | Unknown | Unknown |
.sanofi | Sanofi | [47] | ||
.sap | SAP SE | [224] | ||
.saxo | Saxo Bank A/S | [47] | ||
.sbi | State Bank of India | [47] | ||
.sbs | Special Broadcasting Service Corporation | [47] | ||
.sca | Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget | [225] | Unknown | Yes |
.scb | Siam Commercial Bank | Thai[9] | Yes | |
.schaeffler | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | [47] | ||
.schmidt | Société Alsacienne de Meubles (Cuisines Schmidt) | [226] | Unknown | Yes |
.schwarz | Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG | [47] | ||
.scjohnson | Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. | [47] | ||
.scor | SCOR SE | [47] | ||
.seat | SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal) | [47] | ||
.sener | Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A. | [47] | ||
.ses | SES | [47] | ||
.sew | SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co KG | [47] | ||
.seven | Seven West Media Ltd | [47] | ||
.sfr | Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR | [47] | ||
.seek | Seek Limited | [227] | No | Unknown |
.shangrila | Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited | [47] | ||
.sharp | Sharp Corporation | [47] | ||
.shaw | Shaw Cablesystems G.P. | [47] | ||
.shell | Shell Information Technology International Inc | [47] | ||
.shriram | Shriram Capital Ltd. | [47] | ||
.sina | Sina Corporation | [47] | ||
.sky | Sky plc | [47] | ||
.skype | Microsoft Corporation | [47] | ||
.smart | Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART) | [47] | ||
.sncf | SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français) | [47] | ||
.softbank | SoftBank Group Corp. | [47] | ||
.sohu | Sohu | [228] | Unknown | Yes |
.sony | Sony Corporation | [47] | ||
.spiegel | Spiegel-Verlag | [229] | Unknown | Yes |
.stada | STADA Arzneimittel AG | [47] | ||
.staples | Staples, Inc. | [47] | ||
.star | Star India Private Limited | [47] | ||
.starhub | StarHub Limited | [47] | ||
.statebank | State Bank of India | [47] | ||
.statefarm | State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company | [47] | ||
.statoil | Statoil ASA | [47] | ||
.stc | Saudi Telecom Company | [47] | ||
.stcgroup | Saudi Telecom Company | [47] | ||
.suzuki | Suzuki Motor Corporation | [230] | Unknown | Yes |
.swatch | The Swatch Group Ltd | [47] | ||
.swiftcover | Swiftcover Insurance Services Limited | [47] | ||
.symantec | Symantec Corporation | [47] | ||
.taobao | Alibaba Group Holding Limited | [47] | ||
.target | Target Domain Holdings, LLC | [47] | ||
.tatamotors | Tata Motors Ltd | [47] | ||
.tdk | TDK Corporation | [47] | ||
.telecity | TelecityGroup International Limited | [47] | ||
.telefonica | Telefónica S.A. | [47] | ||
.temasek | Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited | [47] | ||
.teva | Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited | [47] | ||
.tiffany | Tiffany and Company | [47] | ||
.tjx | The TJX Companies, Inc. | [47] | ||
.toray | Toray Industries, Inc. | [47] | ||
.toshiba | TOSHIBA Corporation | [47] | ||
.total | Total SA | [47] | ||
.toyota | Toyota Motor Corporation | [47] | ||
.travelchannel | Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. | [47] | ||
.travelers | Travelers TLD, LLC | [47] | ||
.tui | TUI AG | [231] | Unknown | Yes |
.tvs | T V Sundram Iyengar & Sons Private Limited | [47] | ||
.ubs | UBS AG | [47] | ||
.unicom | China United Network Communications Corporation Limited | [47] | ||
.uol | Universo Online | Delegated to UOL subsidiary UBN Internet.[232] | Unknown | Yes |
.ups | UPS Market Driver, Inc. | [47] | ||
.vanguard | The Vanguard Group, Inc. | [47] | ||
.verisign | VeriSign, Inc. | [47] | ||
.vig | Vienna Insurance Group AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe | [47] | ||
.viking | Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd. | [47] | ||
.virgin | Virgin Enterprises Limited | [47] | ||
.visa | Visa Worldwide Pte. Limited | [47] | ||
.vista | Vistaprint Limited | [47] | ||
.vistaprint | Vistaprint Limited | [47] | ||
.vivo | Telefónica Brasil S.A. | [47] | ||
.volkswagen | Volkswagen Group of America Inc. | [47] | ||
.volvo | Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag | [47] | ||
.walmart | Walmart, Inc. | [47] | ||
.walter | Sandvik AB | [47] | ||
.weatherchannel | International Business Machines Corporation (The Weather Company) | [47] | ||
.weber | Saint-Gobain Weber SA | [47] | ||
.weir | Weir Group IP Limited | [47] | ||
.williamhill | William Hill | [233] | Unknown | Yes |
.windows | Microsoft Corporation | [47] | ||
.wme | William Morris Endeavor Entertainment | [234] | Unknown | Yes |
.wolterskluwer | Wolters Kluwer N.V. | [47] | ||
.woodside | Woodside Petroleum Limited | [47] | ||
.wtc | World Trade Centers Association | [235] | Unknown | Yes |
.xbox | Microsoft Corporation | [47] | ||
.xerox | Xerox DNHC LLC | [47] | ||
.xfinity | Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC | [47] | ||
.yahoo | Yahoo! Domain Services Inc. | [47] | ||
.yamaxun | Amazon Registry Services, Inc. | [47] | ||
.yandex | Yandex | [236] | Unknown | Yes |
.yodobashi | YODOBASHI CAMERA CO., LTD. | [47] | ||
.youtube | Google (YouTube) | [237] | Unknown | Yes |
.zappos | Amazon Registry Services, Inc. | [47] | ||
.zara | Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.) | [47] | ||
.zip | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google) | [47] | ||
.zippo | Zadco Company | [47] |
Internationalized brand top-level domains
DNS name | IDN TLD | Entity | Script | Transliteration | Comments | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
xn--mgba3a3ejt | .ارامكو | Aramco Services Company | Arabic | [47] | ||
xn--mgbaakc7dvf | .اتصالات | Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat) | Arabic | [47] | ||
xn--8y0a063a | .联通 | China United Network Communications Corporation Limited | Chinese | Liántōng | [47] | |
xn--6frz82g | .移动 | China Mobile Communications Corporation | Chinese | Yídóng | ||
xn--fiq64b | .中信 | CITIC Group | Chinese | zhōngxìn | [238] | Yes |
xn--5su34j936bgsg | .香格里拉 | Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited | Chinese | Xiānggélǐlā | [47] | |
xn--b4w605ferd | .淡马锡 | Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited | Chinese | Dànmǎxī | [47] | |
xn--3oq18vl8pn36a | .大众汽车 | Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd. | Chinese | Dàzhòngqìchē | [47] | |
xn--vermgensberater-ctb | .vermögensberater | Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft | Latin | [239] | Yes | |
xn--vermgensberatung-pwb | .vermögensberatung | Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft | Latin | [240] | Yes | |
xn--qcka1pmc | .グーグル | Katakana | gūguru | [241] | Yes | |
xn--flw351e | .谷歌 | Chinese (Simplified) | gǔgē | [242] | Yes | |
xn--estv75g | .工行 | Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited | Chinese | Gōngháng | [47] | |
xn--w4rs40l | .嘉里 | Kerry Trading Co. Limited | Chinese | Jiālǐ | [47] | |
xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra | .嘉里大酒店 | Kerry Trading Co. Limited | Chinese | Jiālǐdàjiǔdiàn | [47] | |
xn--kcrx77d1x4a | .飞利浦 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Chinese | Fēilìpǔ | [47] | |
xn--jlq61u9w7b | .诺基亚 | Nokia Corporation | Chinese | Nuòjīyà | [47] | |
xn--fzys8d69uvgm | .電訊盈科 | PCCW Enterprises Limited | Chinese | [47] | ||
xn--cg4bki | .삼성 | Samsung | Hangul | samseong | [243] | Yes |
Special-Use Domains
ICANN/IANA has created some Special-Use domain names which are meant for special technical purposes. ICANN/IANA owns all of the Special-Use domain names.[244]
Name | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC |
---|---|---|---|---|
.example | Not installed as a domain name, but usable in text as an example. example.com, example.net and example.org are also reserved for this purpose but are active sites. |
Unknown | ||
.invalid | Not installed as a domain name, but usable in testing as a domain which wouldn't work. | Unknown | ||
.local | Local network | Unknown | ||
.localhost | Points back to own computer | Unknown | ||
.onion | Connection to the Tor network | Unknown | ||
.test | Meant for testing DNS software | Unknown |
See also
- Country code top-level domain
- Generic top-level domain
- IDN Test TLDs
- ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, the standard for two-letter country codes, which most ccTLDs are based on
- Proposed top-level domain
- Second-level domain, information about .co.jp, .co.uk, .co.kr, .co.nf, etc.
Notes
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Domain registry is operated by United TLD Holdco Ltd. t/a Rightside Registry, a subsidiary of the Rightside Group.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Operated by Charleston Road Registry, Inc., a subsidiary of Google. See .
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 A subsidiary of Minds + Machines Group (formerly Top Level Domain Holdings.)
- ↑ Operating as Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited.
- ↑ Operating as Half Oaks, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Knob Town, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Steel Falls, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Baxter Hill, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Half Hallow, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Grand Hollow, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Over Galley, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Atomic Madison, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Spring Cross, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Half Sunset, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Atomic Maple, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Delta Dynamite, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Delta Mill, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Foggy Hollow, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Goose Cross, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Wild Corner, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Delta Lake, LLC
- ↑ Operating as New Falls, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Tin Mill, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Sand Cover, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Holly Fields, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Snow Sky, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Black Corner, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Fox Shadow, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Goose Park, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Steel Lake, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Puff Willow, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Trixy Cover, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Fox Orchard, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Silver Avenue, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Pine Mill, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Pine House, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Fox Dynamite, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Magic Woods, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Koko Lake, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Snow Shadow, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Binky Frostbite, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Spring Way, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Pine Fest, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Sand Sunset, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Steel Station, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Tin Birch, LLC
- ↑ Operating as John Edge, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Dash Park, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Half Trail, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Extra Madison, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Holly Hill, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Sugar Cross, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Brice Way, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Spring Madison, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Binky Birch, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Romeo Canyon.
- ↑ Operating as Snow Oaks, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Corn Station, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Trixy Park, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Pioneer Maple, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Spring Falls, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Magic Pass, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Victor Beach, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Atomic Pipe, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Just Maple, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Cotton Cypress, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Just Cover, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Fox Woods, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Brice Orchard, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Fox Station, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Half Cypress, LLC
- ↑ Operating as John Dale, LLC
- ↑ Operating as John Castle, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Lone Fields, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Sugar House, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Goose Sky, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Black Cover, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Over Madison, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Corn Sunset, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Snow Moon, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Pioneer Cypress, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Silver Glen, LLC
- ↑ Operating as John Madison, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Goose Woods, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Sugar Park, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Outer House, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Outer Maple, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Pioneer Willow, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Wild Way, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Holly Glen, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Just Goodbye, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Pine Moon, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Victor Trail, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Trixy Oaks, LLC
- ↑ Operating as John McCook, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Big Fest, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Hidden Frostbite, LLC
- ↑ Operating as June Woods, LLC
- ↑ Operating as John Goodbye, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Fern Pass, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Grand Glen, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Trixy Manor, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Magic Glen, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Sea Goodbye, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Sugar Glen, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Sea Corner, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Foggy Sky, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Foggy Moon, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Snow Galley, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Spring Tigers, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Magic Birch, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Big Pass, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Grand Island, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Big Hollow, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Lone Sunset, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Binky Glen, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Snow Avenue, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Little Galley, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Fox Castle, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Binky Galley, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Fern Madison, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Ruby Town, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Silver Cover, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Atomic Fields, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Half Falls, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Grand Orchard, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Tin Avenue, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Dash Cypress, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Victor Frostbite, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Delta Orchard, LLC
- ↑ Operating as New Cypress, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Outer Moon, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Auburn Bloom, LLC
- ↑ Operating as Pioneer Tigers, LLC
References
- ↑ "IANA — Root Zone Database". www.iana.org. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
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- ↑ "Daily TLD DNSSEC Report". icann.org. ICANN. 23 April 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
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- 1 2 Milton Mueller (2002), Ruling the Root: Internet Governance and the Taming of Cyberspace, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, p. 79, ISBN 9780262632980
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- ↑ (21 July 2015), see details
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- 1 2 ccTLD applicants who have requested the second and final review Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
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- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 "IANA Root Zone Database". Iana.org. Retrieved 2018-07-25.
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- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 "Uniregistry IDN Policy". Uniregistry.link. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
- ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
- ↑ "Starting Dot Registry Policies". startingdot.com. Archived from the original on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
- ↑ "Why .BLACK?". Black/why-black. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ "About Knock Knock, WHOIS There". Retrieved 2 August 2016.
- ↑ "Why .BLUE?". Dotblue.blue. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ ".BUILD domain FAQ's". Retrieved 19 November 2014.
- ↑ "IANA — .cam Domain Delegation Data". Iana.org. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
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- ↑ "CancerResearch launch Site". Home.cancerresearch. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
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- ↑ [ Big Room Inc.] Retrieved on June 26, 2017
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- ↑ §18.b.iv, application for .FLY, ICANN. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
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- ↑ Acceptable use and anti-abuse policy Archived 25 November 2014 at Archive.is, nic.green, accessed on line 24 November 2014.
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- ↑ "Why .ink? - .ink". Nic.ink. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
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- ↑ "What is .jobs?". Nic.jobs. Archived from the original on 20 February 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
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- ↑ UPU. "Description of TLD Policies: Criteria for Registration". E17. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ↑ UPU. "Description of TLD Policies:TLD String". E2. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
Only ASCII characters are used
- ↑ NAR Announces Launch of .REALTOR Top-Level Domain Archived 14 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine., realtor.org. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
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- ↑ "Daily list of new gTLD domain name registrations". Retrieved 10 November 2014.
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- ↑ ".WED Third Level Extensions". Atgron, Inc Introduces .WED. A New Top Level Domain for Your Wedding. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
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- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 "Delegated Strings". Newgtlds.icann.org. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
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- ↑ "dotDurban - .Durban - The new domain extension for the City of Durban". Nic.durban. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ "dotJoburg - .Joburg - The new domain extension for the City of Johannesburg". Nic.joburg. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ IANA - .krd Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ↑ .krd Network Information Centre, accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ↑ "About .kyoto". The Kyoto College of Graduate Studies for Informatics. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
- ↑ "「.nagoya」名古屋のための新ドメイン - GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社". GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ IANA - .ryukyu Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ↑ ".taipei Net Top City". Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ↑ "Mission". Tatar Internet. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ↑ "「.tokyo」東京のための新ドメイン - GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社". GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ "「.yokohama」横浜のための新ドメイン - GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社". GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .alsace Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
- ↑ amsterdam Top-Level-Domain.
- ↑ (in German)
- ↑ (in German) berlin Top-Level-Domain. Nic.berlin. Retrieved on 25 May 2014.
- ↑ ".brussels is now in the root! - DNS Belgium". Nic.brussels. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .budapest Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ↑ (in French)
- ↑ (in Catalan) Fundació punt CAT | A Internet, el català és .cat. Registra ara un domini i identifica’t amb el teu .cat. Fundacio.cat. Retrieved on 25 May 2014.
- ↑ "The New TLDS .koeln & .cologne". Dot.cologne. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- 1 2 ".cymru .wales Our Home Online". Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ↑ ".eus Domeinua - .eus - Euskara eta Euskal Kultura Interneten". Nic.eus. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ (in Dutch) frl Top-Level-Domain. Nic.frl. Retrieved on 5 September 2014.
- ↑ "Dominio .gal". Dominio.gal. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ "Official website of .GENT". Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ↑ "The New TLDS .koeln & .cologne". Dot.koeln. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ "The New London Code". Nic.london. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ IANA - .madrid Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ↑ "About TLDs .MOSCOW and .МОСКВА - dotMoscow: .MOSCOW and .МОСКВА TLDs for Russian Capital". Nic.moscow. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ IANA - .nrw Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
- ↑ ".PARIS, La nouvelle adresse web de Paris". Retrieved 13 March 2015.
- ↑ ".ruhr". Dot.ruhr. 5 September 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ "dotSaarland GmbH". Retrieved 28 October 2014.
- ↑ "Register .scot domains - Calico .scot domains - dotscot is the new Scottish top level domain". Calico.scot. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ "Tirol Domain" (in German). Retrieved 25 November 2014.
- ↑ ".vlaanderen is now in the root! - DNS Belgium". Nic.vlaanderen. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ ".wien: punktwien". Nic.wien. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ ".zuerich Registry Operator Website". Retrieved 17 June 2015.
- ↑ IANA - .miami Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 25 November 2014.
- ↑ ".NYC Domain Name Extension - Official Website". .NYC - The Official Website for the Ultimate New York City Address. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ ".QUEBEC". .QUEBEC. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ "Dot Vegas, Inc". Dot Vegas, Inc. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ "About". Hello.kiwi. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ Twenty4. "nic.melbourne - Home page". nic.melbourne. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ IANA - .sydney Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ↑ ".LAT Domain - About us". Retrieved 13 August 2015.
- ↑ ".LAT Domain - FAQs". Retrieved 13 August 2015.
- ↑ "IANA - .rio Domain Delegation Data". Retrieved 1 December 2014.
- ↑ IANA - .佛山 Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ↑ http://nic.москва/
- ↑ ".abc Domain Registration - .abc Domains - American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. Domain Name .abc - Register American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. Domain Name .abc". www.101domain.com. Retrieved 2018-07-22.
- ↑ IANA — .allfinanz Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .android Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .aquarelle Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ↑ "dotAXA: AXA Group New Online Space" (PDF). Domains.axa. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- 1 2 "Barclays begins using .Barclays and .Barclaycard top level domains". Retrieved 8 August 2015.
- ↑ "FIBA launches .basketball as new digital identity of the global basketball community" (Press release). FIBA. 15 June 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
- ↑ IANA — .bloomberg Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
- ↑ "Home dotBMW registry operator". nic.bmw. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .bnl Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 June 2015.
- ↑ "nic.bnpparibas". Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ↑ "IANA — .bradesco Domain Delegation Data". www.iana.org. Retrieved 2016-11-03.
- ↑ IANA — .cal Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .caravan Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .cern Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .chrome Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ↑ "中国中信集团有限公司". Nic.citic. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .crs Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .cuisinella Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .dnp Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .dvag Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .edka Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 10 October 2016.
- ↑ IANA — .emerck Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .everbank Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .firmdale Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .flsmidth Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ↑ "Using the .frogans gTLD". Nic.frogans. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .gbiz Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .gle Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ↑ ".globo". Nic.globo. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .gmail Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .gmo Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .gmx Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — Delegation Record for .GOOG. Accessed on line 3 October 2018.
- ↑ IANA — .google Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ↑ ".hsbc". Retrieved 15 August 2015.
- ↑ IANA — .ibm Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .kred Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .lacaixa Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 25 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .latrobe Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- 1 2 This domain has been delegated to IRI Domain Management, LLC, a subsidiary of Intellectual Reserve, Inc., which is owned and operated by the LDS Church.
- ↑ IANA — .lds Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ↑ "MANGO". Nic.mango. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ "Home dotMINI registry operator". Nic.mini. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ ".monash - Network Information Centre". Nic.monash. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ "New gTLD Program : InitialEvaluation Report : Report Date: 10 May 2013" (PDF). Newgtlds.icann.org. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .mormon Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ↑ "Neustar Launches New TLD .Neustar". Nic.neustar. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .nexus Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .nhk Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
- ↑ ".nico - The Brand TLD for Dwango Co., Ltd". Dwango Co., Ltd. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
- ↑ IANA — .nra Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .otsuka Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
- ↑ "The New OVH Code" (PDF). Nic.ovh. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ "NIC PIAGET". Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ↑ IANA — .pohl Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .praxi Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .prod Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ↑ NIC PwC. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ↑ https://www.google.de/search?q=site:.SANDVIKCOROMANT
- ↑ ".sap - ICANNWiki". icannwiki.org. Retrieved 2017-05-23.
- ↑ ".sca". Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .schmidt Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .seek Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 July 2016.
- ↑ IANA — .sohu Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .spiegel Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .suzuki Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .tui Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .uol Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .williamhill Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .wme Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .wtc Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ↑ "This is .yandex" (PDF). Nic.yandex. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .youtube Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ↑ "Nic.中信". nic.中信. Archived from the original Check
|url=
value (help) on 6 March 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2014. - ↑ IANA — .vermögensberater Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .vermögensberatung Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .グーグル Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ↑ IANA — .谷歌 Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ↑ "WHOIS 서비스란?" Check
|url=
value (help). Whois.nic. Retrieved 21 October 2014. - ↑ "Special-Use Domain Names". Iana.org. Retrieved 2018-01-08.