GEM character set

The GEM character set is the character set of Digital Research's graphical user interface GEM on Intel platforms. It is based on code page 437, the original character set of the IBM PC, and like that set includes ASCII codes 32–126, extended codes for accented letters (diacritics), and other symbols. It differs from code page 437 in using other dingbats at code points 0–31, in exchanging the box-drawing characters 176–223 for international characters and other symbols.

The Motorola-based GEM adaption for the Atari ST family of computers utilized the similar Atari ST character set with Hebrew characters instead of certain accented Latin uppercase characters as well as a number of other differences.

In contrast to this, the GEM-derived file manager ViewMAX, which shipped with some versions of DR DOS as a DOSSHELL replacement, does not use the GEM character set, but loads its display fonts from DOS .CPI files^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] depending on the system's current code page.

Character set

The following table shows the GEM character set. Each character is shown with a potential Unicode equivalent. Code points differing from code page 437 are shown boxed.

Letter Number Punctuation Symbol Other undefined

GEM character set^[7]^[3]^[8]
	_0	_1	_2	_3	_4	_5	_6	_7	_8	_9	_A	_B	_C	_D	_E	_F
0_	NUL 0000 0	⇧ 21E7 1^{[lower-alpha 1]}	⇩ 21E9 2^{[lower-alpha 1]}	⇨ 21E8 3^{[lower-alpha 1]}	⇦ 21E6 4^{[lower-alpha 1]}	◼ 25FC 5^{[lower-alpha 1]}	🗗 1F5D7 6^{[lower-alpha 1]}	◆ 25C6 7^{[lower-alpha 1]}	✓ 2713 8^{[lower-alpha 1]}	🕒 1F552 9	🔔 1F514? 10	♪ 266A 11	▴ 25B4 12	▾ 25BE 13	▸ 25B8 14	◂ 25C2 15
1_	► 25BA 16	◄ 25C4 17	⧓ 29D3 18^{[lower-alpha 1]}	▂ 2582 19^{[lower-alpha 1]}	¶ 00B6 20	§ 00A7 21	↕ 2195 18	↨ 21A8 23	↑ 2191 24	↓ 2193 25	→ 2192 26	← 2190 27	∟ 221F 28	↔ 2194 29	▲ 25B2 30	▼ 25BC 31
2_	SP 0020 32	! 0021 33	" 0022 34	# 0023 35	$ 0024 36	% 0025 37	& 0026 38	' 0027 39	( 0028 40	) 0029 41	* 002A 42	+ 002B 43	, 002C 44	- 002D 45	. 002E 46	/ 002F 47
3_	0 0030 48	1 0031 49	2 0032 50	3 0033 51	4 0034 52	5 0035 53	6 0036 54	7 0037 55	8 0038 56	9 0039 57	: 003A 58	; 003B 59	< 003C 60	= 003D 61	> 003E 62	? 003F 63
4_	@ 0040 64	A 0041 65	B 0042 66	C 0043 67	D 0044 68	E 0045 69	F 0046 70	G 0047 71	H 0048 72	I 0049 73	J 004A 74	K 004B 75	L 004C 76	M 004D 77	N 004E 78	O 004F 79
5_	P 0050 80	Q 0051 81	R 0052 82	S 0053 83	T 0054 84	U 0055 85	V 0056 86	W 0057 87	X 0058 88	Y 0059 89	Z 005A 90	[ 005B 91	\ 005C 92	] 005D 93	^ 005E 94	_ 005F 95
6_	` 0060 96	a 0061 97	b 0062 98	c 0063 99	d 0064 100	e 0065 101	f 0066 102	g 0067 103	h 0068 104	i 0069 105	j 006A 106	k 006B 107	l 006C 108	m 006D 109	n 006E 110	o 006F 111
7_	p 0070 112	q 0071 113	r 0072 114	s 0073 115	t 0074 116	u 0075 117	v 0076 118	w 0077 119	x 0078 120	y 0079 121	z 007A 122	{ 007B 123	\| 007C 124	} 007D 125	~ 007E 126	⌂ 2302 127
8_	Ç 00C7 128	ü 00FC 129	é 00E9 130	â 00E2 131	ä 00E4 132	à 00E0 133	å 00E5 134	ç 00E7 135	ê 00EA 136	ë 00EB 137	è 00E8 138	ï 00EF 139	î 00EE 140	ì 00EC 141	Ä 00C4 142	Å 00C5 143
9_	É 00C9 144	æ 00E6 145	Æ 00C6 146	ô 00F4 147	ö 00F6 148	ò 00F2 149	û 00FB 150	ù 00F9 151	ÿ 00FF 152	Ö 00D6 153	Ü 00DC 154	ø 00F8 155	£ 00A3 156	Ø 00D8 157	¤ 00A4 158	ƒ 0192 159
A_	á 00E1 160	í 00ED 161	ó 00F3 162	ú 00FA 163	ñ 00F1 164	Ñ 00D1 165	ª 00AA 166	º 00BA 167	¿ 00BF 168	“ 201C 169	” 201D 170	‹ 2039 171	› 203A 172	¡ 00A1 173	« 00AB 174	» 00BB 175
B_	ã 00E3 176	õ 00F5 177	¥ 00A5 178	¢ 00A2 179	œ 0153 180	Œ 0152 181	À 00C0 182	Ã 00C3 183	Õ 00D5 184	§ 00A7 185	‡ 2021 186	† 2020 187	¶ 00B6 188	© 00A9 189	® 00AE 190	™ 2122 191
C_	„ 201E 192	… 2026 193	‰ 2030 194	• 2022 195	– 2013 196	— 2014 197	⁰ 2070 198	Á 00C1 199	Â 00C2 200	È 00C8 201	Ê 00CA 202	Ë 00CB 203	Ì 00CC 204	Í 00CD 205	Î 00CE 206	Ï 00CF 207
D_	Ò 00D2 208	Ó 00D3 209	Ô 00D4 210	Š 0160 211	š 0161 212	Ù 00D9 213	Ú 00DA 214	Û 00DB 215	Ÿ 0178 216	ß 00DF 217	(FDDA) 218	(FDDB) 219	(FDDC) 220	(FDDD) 221	(FDDE) 222	(FDDF) 223
E_	α 03B1 224	β 03B2 225	Γ 0393 226	π 03C0 227	Σ 03A3 228	σ 03C3 229	µ 00B5 230^{[lower-alpha 2]}	τ 03C4 231	Φ 03A6 232	Θ 0398 233	Ω 03A9 234^{[lower-alpha 3]}	δ 03B4 235^{[lower-alpha 4]}	∮ 222E 236	ɸ 0278 237	∈ 2208 238	∩ 2229 239
F_	≡ 2261 240	± 00B1 241	≥ 2265 242	≤ 2264 243	⌠ 2320 244	⌡ 2321 245	÷ 00F7 246	≈ 2248 247	° 00B0 248	∙ 2219 249	· 00B7 250	√ 221A 251	ⁿ 207F 252	² 00B2 253	■ 25A0 254	∅ 2205 255
	_0	_1	_2	_3	_4	_5	_6	_7	_8	_9	_A	_B	_C	_D	_E	_F

Notes

When translating to Unicode, some codes do not have a unique, single Unicode equivalent; the correct choice may depend upon context.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1–8 and 18-19 are used in GEM AES user interface elements such as icons for closing, resizing and maximizing windows.
↑ 230 (E6_hex) is both the micro sign (U+00B5, µ) and the Greek lowercase mu (U+03BC, μ).
↑ 234 (EA_hex) is both the ohm sign (U+2126, Ω) and the Greek uppercase omega (U+03A9, Ω). (Unicode considers the ohm sign to be equivalent to uppercase omega, and suggests that the latter be used in both contexts.^[9])
↑ 235 (EB_hex) is the Greek lowercase delta (U+03B4, δ), but it has also been used as a surrogate for the Icelandic lowercase eth (U+00F0, ð) and the partial derivative sign (U+2202, ∂).

References

↑ Paul, Matthias (2001-06-10) [1995]. "Format description of DOS, OS/2, and Windows NT .CPI, and Linux .CP files" (CPI.LST file) (1.30 ed.). Archived from the original on 2016-04-20. Retrieved 2016-08-20.
↑ Elliott, John (2006-10-14). "CPI file format". Archived from the original on 2016-09-22. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
1 2 Elliott, John (2006-09-03). "Codepage-related software". Archived from the original on 2016-11-08. Retrieved 2016-11-09.
↑ Brouwer, Andries Evert (2001-02-10). "CPI fonts". 0.2. Archived from the original on 2016-09-22. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
↑ Haralambous, Yannis (September 2007). Fonts & Encodings. Translated by Horne, P. Scott (1st ed.). Sebastopol, California, USA: O'Reilly Media, Inc. pp. 601–602, 611. ISBN 978-0-596-10242-5. ISBN 0-596-10242-9.
↑ MS-DOS Programmer's Reference. Microsoft Press. 1991. ISBN 1-55615-329-5.
↑ "WordPlus GEM character set". Archived from the original on 2017-01-23. Retrieved 2017-01-23.
↑ Elliott, John (2006-09-04). "Fonts for Intel GEM - System Fonts". Archived from the original on 2017-02-06. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
↑ The Unicode Consortium (2003-05-21). "Chapter 7: European Alphabetic Scripts". The Unicode Standard 4.0 (PDF). Addison-Wesley (published August 2003). p. 176. ISBN 0-321-18578-1. Retrieved 2016-06-09.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[fn1-8-9] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1–8 and 18-19 are used in GEM AES user interface elements such as icons for closing, resizing and maximizing windows.

[10] 230 (E6_hex) is both the micro sign (U+00B5, µ) and the Greek lowercase mu (U+03BC, μ).

[12] 234 (EA_hex) is both the ohm sign (U+2126, Ω) and the Greek uppercase omega (U+03A9, Ω). (Unicode considers the ohm sign to be equivalent to uppercase omega, and suggests that the latter be used in both contexts.^[9])

[13] 235 (EB_hex) is the Greek lowercase delta (U+03B4, δ), but it has also been used as a surrogate for the Icelandic lowercase eth (U+00F0, ð) and the partial derivative sign (U+2202, ∂).

[Paul_2001_CPI-1] Paul, Matthias (2001-06-10) [1995]. "Format description of DOS, OS/2, and Windows NT .CPI, and Linux .CP files" (CPI.LST file) (1.30 ed.). Archived from the original on 2016-04-20. Retrieved 2016-08-20.

[Elliott_2006_CPI-2] Elliott, John (2006-10-14). "CPI file format". Archived from the original on 2016-09-22. Retrieved 2016-09-22.

[Elliott_2006_CPPREP-3] 1 2 Elliott, John (2006-09-03). "Codepage-related software". Archived from the original on 2016-11-08. Retrieved 2016-11-09.

[AEB_2001_CPI-4] Brouwer, Andries Evert (2001-02-10). "CPI fonts". 0.2. Archived from the original on 2016-09-22. Retrieved 2016-09-22.

[Haralambous_2007_CPI-5] Haralambous, Yannis (September 2007). Fonts & Encodings. Translated by Horne, P. Scott (1st ed.). Sebastopol, California, USA: O'Reilly Media, Inc. pp. 601–602, 611. ISBN 978-0-596-10242-5. ISBN 0-596-10242-9.

[MS_1991_PR-6] MS-DOS Programmer's Reference. Microsoft Press. 1991. ISBN 1-55615-329-5.

[GEM_301_Desktop-7] "WordPlus GEM character set". Archived from the original on 2017-01-23. Retrieved 2017-01-23.

[Elliott_2006_SystemFonts-8] Elliott, John (2006-09-04). "Fonts for Intel GEM - System Fonts". Archived from the original on 2017-02-06. Retrieved 2016-09-22.

[Unicode_2003_40-11] The Unicode Consortium (2003-05-21). "Chapter 7: European Alphabetic Scripts". The Unicode Standard 4.0 (PDF). Addison-Wesley (published August 2003). p. 176. ISBN 0-321-18578-1. Retrieved 2016-06-09.

Character encodings
Early telecommunications	ASCII ISO/IEC 646 ISO/IEC 6937 T.61 BCDIC Baudot code Morse code Telegraph code Wabun code Special telegraphy codes Non-Latin Chinese Cyrillic Needle telegraph codes
ISO/IEC 8859	-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 -16
Bibliographic use	ANSEL ISO 5426 / 5426-2 / 5427 / 5428 / 6438 / 6861 / 6862 / 10585 / 10586 / 10754 / 11822 MARC-8
National standards	ArmSCII BraSCII CNS 11643 ELOT 927 GOST 10859 GB 18030 HKSCS I.S. 434 ISCII JIS X 0201 JIS X 0208 JIS X 0212 JIS X 0213 KOI-7 KPS 9566 KS X 1001 PASCII SI 960 TIS-620 TSCII VISCII VSCII YUSCII
EUC	CN JP KR TW
ISO/IEC 2022	CN JP KR CCCII
MacOS code pages ("scripts")	Armenian Arabic Barents Cyrillic Celtic CentEuro ChineseSimp / EUC-CN ChineseTrad / Big5 Croatian Cyrillic Devanagari Dingbats Farsi (Persian) Gaelic Georgian Greek Gujarati Gurmukhi Hebrew Iceland Inuit Japanese / ShiftJIS Keyboard Korean / EUC-KR Latin (Kermit) Maltese/Esperanto Ogham / I.S. 434 Roman Romanian Sámi Symbol Thai / TIS-620 Turkish Turkic Latin Turkic Cyrillic Ukrainian
DOS code pages	100 111 112 113 151 152 161 162 163 164 165 166 210 220 301 437 449 489 620 667 668 707 708 709 710 711 714 715 720 721 737 768 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 790 850 851 852 853 854 855/872 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864/17248 865 866/808 867 868 869 874/1161/1162 876 877 878 881 882 883 884 885 891 895 896 897 898 899 900 903 904 906 907 909 910 911 926 927 928 929 932 934 936 938 941 942 943 944 946 947 948 949 950/1370 951 966 991 1034 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1046 1086 1088 1092 1093 1098 1108 1109 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1125/848 1126 1127 1131/849 1139 1167 1168 1300 1351 1361 1362 1363 1372 1373 1374 1375 1380 1381 1385 1386 1391 1392 1393 1394 CWI-2 Iran System Kamenický KOI8 Mazovia MIK
IBM AIX code pages	367 371 806 813 819 895 896 912 913 914 915 916 919 920 921/901 922/902 923 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 963 964 965 970 971 1004 1006 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1029 1036 1089 1111 1124 1129/1163 1133 1350 1382 1383
IBM Apple MacIntosh emulations	1275 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286
IBM Adobe emulations	1038 1276 1277
IBM DEC emulations	1020 1021 1023 1090 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1287 1288
IBM HP emulations	1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058
Windows code pages	CER-GS 874/1162 (TIS-620) 932/943 (Shift JIS) 936/1386 (GBK) 950/1370 (Big5) 949/1363 (EUC-KR) 1169 1174 Extended Latin-8 1200 (UTF-16LE) 1201 (UTF-16BE) 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1261 1270 54936 (GB18030)
EBCDIC code pages	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37/1140 37-2 38 39 40 251 252 254 256 257 258 259 260 264 273/1141 274 275 276 277/1142 278/1143 279 280/1144 281 282 283 284/1145 285/1146 286 287 288 289 290 293 297/1147 298 300 310 320 321 322 330 351 352 353 355 357 358 359 360 361 363 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 410 420/16804 421 423 424/8616/12712 425 435 500/1148 803 829 833 834 835 836 837 838/838 839 870/1110/1153 871/1149 875/4971/9067 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 892 893 905 918 924 930/1390 931 933/1364 935/1388 937/1371 939/1399 1001 1002 1003 1005 1007 1024 1025/1154 1026/1155 1027 1028 1030 1031 1032 1033 1037 1047 1068 1069 1070 1071 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1087 1091 1097 1112/1156 1113 1122/1157 1123/1158 1130/1164 1132 1136 1137 1150 1151 1152 1159 1165 1166 1278 1279 1303 1364 1376 1377 JEF KEIS
Platform specific	Acorn Adobe Standard Adobe Latin 1 Apple II ATASCII Atari ST BICS Casio calculators CDC CPC DEC Radix-50 DEC MCS/NRCS DG International ELWRO-Junior FIELDATA GEM GEOS GSM 03.38 HP Roman Extension HP Roman-8 HP Roman-9 HP FOCAL HP RPL LICS LMBCS Mattel Aquarius Minitel MSX NEC APC NeXT PCW PETSCII Sharp calculators Sinclair QL Teletext TI calculators TRS-80 Ventura International Ventura Symbol WISCII XCCS ZX80 ZX81 ZX Spectrum
Unicode / ISO/IEC 10646	UTF-1 UTF-7 UTF-8 UTF-16 (UTF-16LE/UTF-16BE) / UCS-2 UTF-32 (UTF-32LE/UTF-32BE) / UCS-4 UTF-EBCDIC GB 18030 BOCU-1 CESU-8 SCSU
TeX typesetting system	Cork LGR LY1 OML OMS OMX OT1 OT2 OT3 OT4 T2A T2B T2C T2D T3 T4 T5 TS1 TS3 U X2
Miscellaneous code pages	ABICOMP APL ARIB STD-B24 HZ INIS INIS-8 ISO-IR-111 ISO-IR-182 ISO-IR-197 ISO-IR-200 ISO-IR-201 Johab SEASCII Stanford/ITS TACE16 TRON UTF-5 UTF-6 WTF-8
Related topics	Code page Control character (C0 C1) CCSID Character encodings in HTML Charset detection Han unification Hardware ISO 6429/IEC 6429/ANSI X3.64 Mojibake
Character sets

GEM character set

Character set

See also

Notes

References