Cork encoding

The Cork (also known as T1 or EC) encoding is a character encoding used for encoding glyphs in fonts.^[1] It is named after the city of Cork in Ireland, where during a TeX Users Group (TUG) conference in 1990 a new encoding was introduced for LaTeX.^[1] It contains 256 characters supporting most west and east-European languages with the Latin alphabet.^[2]

Details

In 8-bit TeX engines the font encoding has to match the encoding of hyphenation patterns where this encoding is most commonly used.^[3] In LaTeX one can switch to this encoding with \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}, while in ConTeXt MkII this is the default encoding already. In modern engines such as XeTeX and LuaTeX the Unicode is fully supported and the 8-bit font encodings are obsolete.

Character set

Cork encoding
	_0	_1	_2	_3	_4	_5	_6	_7	_8	_9	_A	_B	_C	_D	_E	_F
0_	` 0060 0	´ 00B4 1	ˆ 02C6 2	˜ 02DC 3	¨ 00A8 4	˝ 02DD 5	˚ 02DA 6	ˇ 02C7 7	˘ 02D8 8	¯ 00AF 9	˙ 02D9 10	¸ 00B8 11	˛ 02DB 12	‚ 201A 13	‹ 2039 14	› 203A 15
1_	“ 201C 16	” 201D 17	„ 201E 18	« 00AB 19	» 00BB 20	– 2013 21	— 2014 22	ZWSP 200B 23	₀/‰ 2080/2030 24^{[lower-alpha 1]}	ı 0131^{[lower-alpha 2]} 25	ȷ 0237 26	ﬀ FB00 27	ﬁ FB01 28	ﬂ FB02 29	ﬃ FB03 30	ﬄ FB04 31
2_	0020 32	! 0021 33	" 0022 34	# 0023 35	$ 0024 36	% 0025 37	& 0026 38	’ 2019 39	( 0028 40	) 0029 41	* 002A 42	+ 002B 43	, 002C 44	- 002D 45	. 002E 46	/ 002F 47
3_	0 0030 48	1 0031 49	2 0032 50	3 0033 51	4 0034 52	5 0035 53	6 0036 54	7 0037 55	8 0038 56	9 0039 57	: 003A 58	; 003B 59	< 003C 60	= 003D 61	> 003E 62	? 003F 63
4_	@ 0040 64	A 0041 65	B 0042 66	C 0043 67	D 0044 68	E 0045 69	F 0046 70	G 0047 71	H 0048 72	I 0049 73	J 004A 74	K 004B 75	L 004C 76	M 004D 77	N 004E 78	O 004F 79
5_	P 0050 80	Q 0051 81	R 0052 82	S 0053 83	T 0054 84	U 0055 85	V 0056 86	W 0057 87	X 0058 88	Y 0059 89	Z 005A 90	[ 005B 91	\ 005C 92	] 005D 93	^ 005E 94	_ 005F 95
6_	‘ 2018 96	a 0061 97	b 0062 98	c 0063 99	d 0064 100	e 0065 101	f 0066 102	g 0067 103	h 0068 104	i 0069 105	j 006A 106	k 006B 107	l 006C 108	m 006D 109	n 006E 110	o 006F 111
7_	p 0070 112	q 0071 113	r 0072 114	s 0073 115	t 0074 116	u 0075 117	v 0076 118	w 0077 119	x 0078 120	y 0079 121	z 007A 122	{ 007B 123	\| 007C 124	} 007D 125	~ 007E 126	SHY/‐ 00AD/2010 127^{[lower-alpha 3]}
8_	Ă 0102 128	Ą 0104 129	Ć 0106 130	Č 010C 131	Ď 010E 132	Ě 011A 133	Ę 0118 134	Ğ 011E 135	Ĺ 0139 136	Ľ 013D 137	Ł 0141 138	Ń 0143 139	Ň 0147 140	Ŋ 014A 141	Ő 0150 142	Ŕ 0154 143
9_	Ř 0158 144	Ś 015A 145	Š 0160 146	Ş 015E 147	Ť 0164 148	Ţ 0162 149	Ű 0170 150	Ů 016E 151	Ÿ 0178 152	Ź 0179 153	Ž 017D 154	Ż 017B 155	Ĳ 0132 156	İ 0130 157	đ 0111 158	§ 00A7 159
A_	ă 0103 160	ą 0105 161	ć 0107 162	č 010D 163	ď 010F 164	ě 011B 165	ę 0119 166	ğ 011F 167	ĺ 013A 168	ľ 013E 169	ł 0142 170	ń 0144 171	ň 0148 172	ŋ 014B 173	ő 0151 174	ŕ 0155 175
B_	ř 0159 176	ś 015B 177	š 0161 178	ş 015F 179	ť 0165 180	ţ 0163 181	ű 0171 182	ů 016F 183	ÿ 00FF 184	ź 017A 185	ž 017E 186	ż 017C 187	ĳ 0133 188	¡ 00A1 189	¿ 00BF 190	£ 00A3 191
C_	À 00C0 192	Á 00C1 193	Â 00C2 194	Ã 00C3 195	Ä 00C4 196	Å 00C5 197	Æ 00C6 198	Ç 00C7 199	È 00C8 200	É 00C9 201	Ê 00CA 202	Ë 00CB 203	Ì 00CC 204	Í 00CD 205	Î 00CE 206	Ï 00CF 207
D_	Ð/Đ 00D0^{[lower-alpha 4]} 208	Ñ 00D1 209	Ò 00D2 210	Ó 00D3 211	Ô 00D4 212	Õ 00D5 213	Ö 00D6 214	Œ 0152 215	Ø 00D8 216	Ù 00D9 217	Ú 00DA 218	Û 00DB 219	Ü 00DC 220	Ý 00DD 221	Þ 00DE 222	SS 1E9E^{[lower-alpha 5]} 223
E_	à 00E0 224	á 00E1 225	â 00E2 226	ã 00E3 227	ä 00E4 228	å 00E5 229	æ 00E6 230	ç 00E7 231	è 00E8 232	é 00E9 233	ê 00EA 234	ë 00EB 235	ì 00EC 236	í 00ED 237	î 00EE 238	ï 00EF 239
F_	ð 00F0 240	ñ 00F1 241	ò 00F2 242	ó 00F3 243	ô 00F4 244	õ 00F5 245	ö 00F6 246	œ 0153 247	ø 00F8 248	ù 00F9 249	ú 00FA 250	û 00FB 251	ü 00FC 252	ý 00FD 253	þ 00FE 254	ß 00DF 255
	_0	_1	_2	_3	_4	_5	_6	_7	_8	_9	_A	_B	_C	_D	_E	_F

Notes

Hexadecimal values under the characters in the table are the Unicode character codes.
The first 12 characters are often used as combining characters.

↑ 0x18 is just a "trailing zero", used to compose ‰ or ‱ (or arbitrary smaller quantities) out of percent sign (%).
↑ Dotless i and dotless j may be used to compose accented variants like i with macron (ī).
↑ 0x7F is the hyphenation character (not really a soft hyphen).
↑ 0xD0 is used both as Eth (Ð, U+00D0) and as D with stroke (Đ, U+0110) which might be a problem at some occasions (like copying text from PDF, hyphenation, ...)
↑ 0xDF contains SS (two letters S). It allows TeX to automatically convert the German lowercase ß into the uppercase form.

Supported languages

The encoding supports most European languages written in Latin alphabet. Notable exceptions are:

Esperanto (using IL3)
Latvian language and Lithuanian language (using L7X)
Welsh language

Languages with slightly suboptimal support include:

Galician language, Portuguese language and Spanish language – due to the lack of characters ª and º, which are not superscript versions of lower case “a” and “o” (superscripts are thinner) and they are often underlined
Croatian language, Bosnian language, Serbian language – due to the shared use of the slot for Đ
Turkish language – due to dotless i having different uppercase and lowercase combinations than in other languages
Romanian language – due to lacking S and T with a comma below (i.e. not joined), however does have them with a cedilla (joined).

References

1 2 Petrlik, Lukas (1996-06-19). "The Czech and Slovak Character Encoding Mess Explained". cs-encodings-faq. 1.10. Archived from the original on 2016-06-21. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
↑ Ferguson, Michael (1990), "Report on Multilingual Activities" (PDF), TUGboat, Volume 11 (Issue 4): 514–516
↑ TeX hyphenation patterns

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[4] 0x18 is just a "trailing zero", used to compose ‰ or ‱ (or arbitrary smaller quantities) out of percent sign (%).

[5] Dotless i and dotless j may be used to compose accented variants like i with macron (ī).

[6] 0x7F is the hyphenation character (not really a soft hyphen).

[7] 0xD0 is used both as Eth (Ð, U+00D0) and as D with stroke (Đ, U+0110) which might be a problem at some occasions (like copying text from PDF, hyphenation, ...)

[8] 0xDF contains SS (two letters S). It allows TeX to automatically convert the German lowercase ß into the uppercase form.

[Petrlik_1996_CS-1] 1 2 Petrlik, Lukas (1996-06-19). "The Czech and Slovak Character Encoding Mess Explained". cs-encodings-faq. 1.10. Archived from the original on 2016-06-21. Retrieved 2016-06-21.

[Ferguson_1990-2] Ferguson, Michael (1990), "Report on Multilingual Activities" (PDF), TUGboat, Volume 11 (Issue 4): 514–516

[TeX_Hyphenation-3] TeX hyphenation patterns

Character encodings
Early telecommunications	ASCII ISO/IEC 646 ISO/IEC 6937 T.61 BCDIC Baudot code Morse code Telegraph code Wabun code Special telegraphy codes Non-Latin Chinese Cyrillic Needle telegraph codes
ISO/IEC 8859	-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 -16
Bibliographic use	ANSEL ISO 5426 / 5426-2 / 5427 / 5428 / 6438 / 6861 / 6862 / 10585 / 10586 / 10754 / 11822 MARC-8
National standards	ArmSCII BraSCII CNS 11643 ELOT 927 GOST 10859 GB 18030 HKSCS I.S. 434 ISCII JIS X 0201 JIS X 0208 JIS X 0212 JIS X 0213 KOI-7 KPS 9566 KS X 1001 PASCII SI 960 TIS-620 TSCII VISCII VSCII YUSCII
EUC	CN JP KR TW
ISO/IEC 2022	CN JP KR CCCII
MacOS code pages ("scripts")	Armenian Arabic Barents Cyrillic Celtic CentEuro ChineseSimp / EUC-CN ChineseTrad / Big5 Croatian Cyrillic Devanagari Dingbats Farsi (Persian) Gaelic Georgian Greek Gujarati Gurmukhi Hebrew Iceland Inuit Japanese / ShiftJIS Keyboard Korean / EUC-KR Latin (Kermit) Maltese/Esperanto Ogham / I.S. 434 Roman Romanian Sámi Symbol Thai / TIS-620 Turkish Turkic Latin Turkic Cyrillic Ukrainian
DOS code pages	100 111 112 113 151 152 161 162 163 164 165 166 210 220 301 437 449 489 620 667 668 707 708 709 710 711 714 715 720 721 737 768 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 790 850 851 852 853 854 855/872 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864/17248 865 866/808 867 868 869 874/1161/1162 876 877 878 881 882 883 884 885 891 895 896 897 898 899 900 903 904 906 907 909 910 911 926 927 928 929 932 934 936 938 941 942 943 944 946 947 948 949 950/1370 951 966 991 1034 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1046 1086 1088 1092 1093 1098 1108 1109 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1125/848 1126 1127 1131/849 1139 1167 1168 1300 1351 1361 1362 1363 1372 1373 1374 1375 1380 1381 1385 1386 1391 1392 1393 1394 CWI-2 Iran System Kamenický KOI8 Mazovia MIK
IBM AIX code pages	367 371 806 813 819 895 896 912 913 914 915 916 919 920 921/901 922/902 923 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 963 964 965 970 971 1004 1006 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1029 1036 1089 1111 1124 1129/1163 1133 1350 1382 1383
IBM Apple MacIntosh emulations	1275 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286
IBM Adobe emulations	1038 1276 1277
IBM DEC emulations	1020 1021 1023 1090 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1287 1288
IBM HP emulations	1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058
Windows code pages	CER-GS 874/1162 (TIS-620) 932/943 (Shift JIS) 936/1386 (GBK) 950/1370 (Big5) 949/1363 (EUC-KR) 1169 1174 Extended Latin-8 1200 (UTF-16LE) 1201 (UTF-16BE) 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1261 1270 54936 (GB18030)
EBCDIC code pages	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37/1140 37-2 38 39 40 251 252 254 256 257 258 259 260 264 273/1141 274 275 276 277/1142 278/1143 279 280/1144 281 282 283 284/1145 285/1146 286 287 288 289 290 293 297/1147 298 300 310 320 321 322 330 351 352 353 355 357 358 359 360 361 363 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 410 420/16804 421 423 424/8616/12712 425 435 500/1148 803 829 833 834 835 836 837 838/838 839 870/1110/1153 871/1149 875/4971/9067 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 892 893 905 918 924 930/1390 931 933/1364 935/1388 937/1371 939/1399 1001 1002 1003 1005 1007 1024 1025/1154 1026/1155 1027 1028 1030 1031 1032 1033 1037 1047 1068 1069 1070 1071 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1087 1091 1097 1112/1156 1113 1122/1157 1123/1158 1130/1164 1132 1136 1137 1150 1151 1152 1159 1165 1166 1278 1279 1303 1364 1376 1377 JEF KEIS
Platform specific	Acorn Adobe Standard Adobe Latin 1 Apple II ATASCII Atari ST BICS Casio calculators CDC CPC DEC Radix-50 DEC MCS/NRCS DG International ELWRO-Junior FIELDATA GEM GEOS GSM 03.38 HP Roman Extension HP Roman-8 HP Roman-9 HP FOCAL HP RPL LICS LMBCS Mattel Aquarius Minitel MSX NEC APC NeXT PCW PETSCII Sharp calculators Sinclair QL Teletext TI calculators TRS-80 Ventura International Ventura Symbol WISCII XCCS ZX80 ZX81 ZX Spectrum
Unicode / ISO/IEC 10646	UTF-1 UTF-7 UTF-8 UTF-16 (UTF-16LE/UTF-16BE) / UCS-2 UTF-32 (UTF-32LE/UTF-32BE) / UCS-4 UTF-EBCDIC GB 18030 BOCU-1 CESU-8 SCSU
TeX typesetting system	Cork LGR LY1 OML OMS OMX OT1 OT2 OT3 OT4 T2A T2B T2C T2D T3 T4 T5 TS1 TS3 U X2
Miscellaneous code pages	ABICOMP APL ARIB STD-B24 HZ INIS INIS-8 ISO-IR-111 ISO-IR-182 ISO-IR-197 ISO-IR-200 ISO-IR-201 Johab SEASCII Stanford/ITS TACE16 TRON UTF-5 UTF-6 WTF-8
Related topics	Code page Control character (C0 C1) CCSID Character encodings in HTML Charset detection Han unification Hardware ISO 6429/IEC 6429/ANSI X3.64 Mojibake
Character sets