ISO/IEC 8859-15

ISO/IEC 8859-15:1999
MIME / IANA ISO-8859-15
Alias(es) latin-9, latin-0
Standard ISO/IEC 8859
Based on ISO-8859-1

ISO/IEC 8859-15:1999, Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 15: Latin alphabet No. 9, is part of the ISO/IEC 8859 series of ASCII-based standard character encodings, first edition published in 1999. It is informally referred to as Latin-9 (and was for a while called Latin-0). It is similar to ISO 8859-1, and thus generally intended for “Western European” languages, but replaces some less common symbols with the euro sign and some letters that were now deemed missing in part 1 for the target use:[1]

Position0xA40xA60xA80xB40xB80xBC0xBD0xBE
8859-1 ¤¦¨´¸¼½¾
8859-15 €ŠšŽžŒœŸ

ISO-8859-15 is the IANA preferred charset name for this standard when supplemented with the C0 and C1 control codes from ISO/IEC 6429.

Microsoft has assigned code page 28605 a.k.a. Windows-28605 to ISO-8859-15. IBM has assigned code page 923 to ISO 8859-15.

All the printable characters from both ISO/IEC 8859-1 and ISO/IEC 8859-15 are also found in Windows-1252. Since October 2016 0.1% of all web sites use ISO-8859-15.[2][3]

History

The identifier ISO 8859-15 was proposed for the Sami languages in 1996, which was eventually rejected, but was passed as ISO-IR 197.[4][5][6][7]

ISO 8859-15 was originally proposed as ISO 8859-0, made from ISO 8859-1 to replace 4 unused or rarely used characters (¤, ¨, ´, and ¸) with other characters missing from ISO 8859-1 (and not in any other ISO 8859 standard at the time), and 6 more characters (¢,¦,±,¼,½,¾) were proposed to possibly be dropped[8]. € became necessary when the euro was introduced. Œ and œ are French ligatures, and Ÿ is needed in French all-caps text, as it is present in a few proper names such as the city of l'Haÿ-les-Roses or the poet and writer Pierre Louÿs. € was at 0xA4, Œ and œ were at 0xB4 and 0xB8 in the proposal, and Ÿ was at 0xA8. Later, four of the six characters proposed for deletion were deleted, and four more new characters were added. These characters, however, were in many other ISO standards. Š, š, Ž, and ž are used in some loanwords and transliteration of Russian names in Finnish and Estonian typography. It had been proposed to put the Euro Sign in place of the plus-minus sign instead of the currency sign (used in some applications as a FIELD SEPARATOR and by some other applications for SUBTOTAL accounting function; ¢ was proposed to remain to avoid confusion; +- would be a fallback). There was strong opposition on this. One said "The proposed «+-» is not an adequate fall-back, as this sequence, though rarely used, has already a fixed mathematical meaning, quite different from «±»; and even, if a reader would deduce the intended meaning, «±», from the context, «+-» in lieu of «±» will hurt a physicist's æsthetic feelings at least as much as «oe» in lieu of an o-e ligature a Francophone's." As a result of the opposition, ISO 8859-15 kept the plus-minus sign and removed the currency sign instead. As diacritics are frequently dropped in all-caps text in French (even though the Académie française discourages this practice[9]), a code point for Ÿ wasn't deemed necessary for ISO-8859-1, even though one was given for its lower-case equivalent ÿ (at 0xFF).

Ironically, the last three characters (Œ, œ, Ÿ) had already been present in DEC's Multinational Character Set (MCS) in 1983, a character set from which ECMA-94 (1985) and ISO-8859-1 (1987) were derived. Since their original codepoints were now occupied by other characters, less logical codepoints had to be chosen for their reintroduction.

There were attempts to make ISO-8859-15 the default character set for 8-bit communication, but it was never able to supplant the popular ISO-8859-1. It did see some use as the default character set for the text console and terminal programs under Linux when the Euro sign was needed, but the use of full Unicode was not practical, but this has since been replaced with UTF-8.

Coverage

ISO 8859-15 encodes what it refers to as "Latin alphabet no. 9". This character set is used throughout the Americas, Western Europe, Oceania, and much of Africa. It is also commonly used in most standard romanizations of East-Asian languages.

Each character is encoded as a single eight-bit code value. These code values can be used in almost any data interchange system to communicate in the following languages:

Modern languages with complete coverage of their alphabet
Notes
  1. ↑ Complete support except for Ǿ/ǿ which are missing. Ǿ/ǿ can be replaced with Ø/ø at the cost of increased ambiguity.
  2. ↑ Commonly supported with nearly complete coverage of the Dutch alphabet, as the missing IJ, ij should always be represented as two-character IJ or ij in electronic form.
  3. ↑ US and modern British.
  4. ↑ New orthography.
  5. ↑ Kurdish Unified Alphabet, based on the Latin character set.
  6. ↑ Basic classical orthography.
  7. ↑ Basic classical orthography.
  8. ↑ Rumi script.
  9. ↑ Bokmål and Nynorsk.
  10. ↑ European and Brazilian.

Coverage of punctuation signs and apostrophes

For some languages listed above, the correct typographical quotation marks are missing, since only «, », ", and ' are included.

Also, this encoding does not provide the correct character for the apostrophe, and oriented single high quotation marks, although some texts use the spacing grave accent and spacing acute accent, which are both part of ISO 8859-1, instead of the 6-shaped/9-shaped quotations marks or apostrophes (and this works reliably with some font styles, where all these characters are displayed as slanted wedge glyphs).

Codepage layout

ISO/IEC 8859-15
_0 _1 _2 _3 _4 _5 _6 _7 _8 _9 _A _B _C _D _E _F
0_
1_
2_ SP
0020
32		 !
0021
33		 "
0022
34		 #
0023
35		 $
0024
36		 %
0025
37		 &
0026
38		 '
0027
39		 (
0028
40		 )
0029
41		 *
002A
42		 +
002B
43		 ,
002C
44		 -
002D
45		 .
002E
46		 /
002F
47
3_ 0
0030
48		 1
0031
49		 2
0032
50		 3
0033
51		 4
0034
52		 5
0035
53		 6
0036
54		 7
0037
55		 8
0038
56		 9
0039
57		 :
003A
58		 ;
003B
59		 <
003C
60		 =
003D
61		 >
003E
62		 ?
003F
63
4_ @
0040
64		 A
0041
65		 B
0042
66		 C
0043
67		 D
0044
68		 E
0045
69		 F
0046
70		 G
0047
71		 H
0048
72		 I
0049
73		 J
004A
74		 K
004B
75		 L
004C
76		 M
004D
77		 N
004E
78		 O
004F
79
5_ P
0050
80		 Q
0051
81		 R
0052
82		 S
0053
83		 T
0054
84		 U
0055
85		 V
0056
86		 W
0057
87		 X
0058
88		 Y
0059
89		 Z
005A
90		 [
005B
91		 \
005C
92		 ]
005D
93		 ^
005E
94		 _
005F
95
6_ `
0060
96		 a
0061
97		 b
0062
98		 c
0063
99		 d
0064
100		 e
0065
101		 f
0066
102		 g
0067
103		 h
0068
104		 i
0069
105		 j
006A
106		 k
006B
107		 l
006C
108		 m
006D
109		 n
006E
110		 o
006F
111
7_ p
0070
112		 q
0071
113		 r
0072
114		 s
0073
115		 t
0074
116		 u
0075
117		 v
0076
118		 w
0077
119		 x
0078
120		 y
0079
121		 z
007A
122		 {
007B
123		 |
007C
124		 }
007D
125		 ~
007E
126
8_
9_
A_ NBSP
00A0
160		 ¡
00A1
161		 ¢
00A2
162		 £
00A3
163		 €
20AC
164		 ¥
00A5
165		 Š
0160
166		 §
00A7
167		 š
0161
168		 ©
00A9
169		 ª
00AA
170		 «
00AB
171		 ¬
00AC
172		 SHY
00AD
173		 ®
00AE
174		 ¯
00AF
175
B_ °
00B0
176		 ±
00B1
177		 ²
00B2
178		 ³
00B3
179		 Ž
017D
180		 µ
00B5
181
00B6
182		 ·
00B7
183		 ž
017E
184		 ¹
00B9
185		 º
00BA
186		 »
00BB
187		 Œ
0152
188		 œ
0153
189		 Ÿ
0178
190		 ¿
00BF
191
C_ À
00C0
192		 Á
00C1
193		 Â
00C2
194		 Ã
00C3
195		 Ä
00C4
196		 Å
00C5
197		 Æ
00C6
198		 Ç
00C7
199		 È
00C8
200		 É
00C9
201		 Ê
00CA
202		 Ë
00CB
203		 Ì
00CC
204		 Í
00CD
205		 Î
00CE
206		 Ï
00CF
207
D_ Ð
00D0
208		 Ñ
00D1
209		 Ò
00D2
210		 Ó
00D3
211		 Ô
00D4
212		 Õ
00D5
213		 Ö
00D6
214		 ×
00D7
215		 Ø
00D8
216		 Ù
00D9
217		 Ú
00DA
218		 Û
00DB
219		 Ü
00DC
220		 Ý
00DD
221		 Þ
00DE
222		 ß
00DF
223
E_ à
00E0
224		 á
00E1
225		 â
00E2
226		 ã
00E3
227		 ä
00E4
228		 å
00E5
229		 æ
00E6
230		 ç
00E7
231		 è
00E8
232		 é
00E9
233		 ê
00EA
234		 ë
00EB
235		 ì
00EC
236		 í
00ED
237		 î
00EE
238		 ï
00EF
239
F_ ð
00F0
240		 ñ
00F1
241		 ò
00F2
242		 ó
00F3
243		 ô
00F4
244		 õ
00F5
245		 ö
00F6
246		 ÷
00F7
247		 ø
00F8
248		 ù
00F9
249		 ú
00FA
250		 û
00FB
251		 ü
00FC
252		 ý
00FD
253		 þ
00FE
254		 ÿ
00FF
255

  Letter   Number   Punctuation   Symbol   Other   undefined   Differences from ISO-8859-1

Aliases

ISO 8859-15 also has the following, vendor-specific aliases:

See also

References

  1. ↑ "ISO-8859-15". IANA. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
  2. ↑ http://w3techs.com/technologies/history_overview/character_encoding
  3. ↑ http://w3techs.com/faq
  4. ↑ (PDF) https://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/iso-ir/209.pdf. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  5. ↑ Everson, Michael. "Proposed ISO 8859-15". Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  6. ↑ Everson, Michael. "Proposed ISO 8859-14 (later 15)". Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  7. ↑ (PDF) https://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/iso-ir/209.pdf. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. ↑ Everson, Michael. "Proposed ISO 8859-0 (later 15)". Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  9. ↑ "Accentuation des majuscules" [Accenting of capitals] (in French). Académie française. Retrieved 8 August 2015. On veille donc, en bonne typographie, à utiliser systématiquement les capitales accentuées ... [One takes care then, in good typography, to use accented capitals systematically ...]
  10. ↑ Baird, Cathy; Chiba, Dan; Chu, Winson; Fan, Jessica; Ho, Claire; Law, Simon; Lee, Geoff; Linsley, Peter; Matsuda, Keni; Oscroft, Tamzin; Takeda, Shige; Tanaka, Linus; Tozawa, Makoto; Trute, Barry; Tsujimoto, Mayumi; Wu, Ying; Yau, Michael; Yu, Tim; Wang, Chao; Wong, Simon; Zhang, Weiran; Zheng, Lei; Zhu, Yan; Moore, Valarie (2002) [1996]. "Appendix A: Locale Data". Oracle9i Database Globalization Support Guide (PDF) (Release 2 (9.2) ed.). Oracle Corporation. Oracle A96529-01. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-02-14. Retrieved 2017-02-14.
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