Demographics of Serbia

Demographics of Serbia
Population	7,020,858 (30 June 2017)[1]
Growth rate	−5.5 per 1,000 pop. (2017)[1]
Birth rate	9.2 per 1,000 pop. (2017)[1]
Death rate	14.8 per 1,000 pop. (2017)[1]
Life expectancy	75.1 years (2016)[1]
• male	72.6 years
• female	77.7 years
Fertility rate	1,48 children born/woman (2016)[1]
Infant mortality rate	5.4 deaths/1,000 infants (2016)[1]
Net migration rate	-1.6 migrant(s)/1,000 pop. (2011)
Age structure
0–14 years	14.4% (2016)[1]
15–64 years	66.4% (2016)[1]
65 and over	19.2% (2016)[1]
Sex ratio
At birth	1.06 male(s)/female
Under 15	1.06 male(s)/female
15–64 years	0.99 male(s)/female
65 and over	0.72 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality	noun: Serbian(s) adjective: Serbian
Major ethnic	Serbs (83.3%)
Minor ethnic	Hungarians (3.5%) Roma (2.1%) Bosniaks (2%) other minorities less than 1% respectively
Language
Official	Serbian at national level; Hungarian, Bosnian, Croatian, Slovakian, Albanian, Romanian and Rusyn are in official use in individual municipalities
Spoken	Serbian (88%) Hungarian (3.4%) Bosnian (1.9%) Romani (1.4%) other minority languages less than 1% respectively

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Serbia; including vital statistics, ethnicity, religious affiliations, education level, health of the populace, and other aspects of the population.

History

Censuses in Serbia ordinarily take place every 10 years, organized by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. The Principality of Serbia had conducted the first population census in 1834; the subsequent censuses were conducted in 1841, 1843, 1846, 1850, 1854, 1859, 1863 and 1866 and 1874. During the era Kingdom of Serbia, six censuses were conducted in 1884, 1890, 1895, 1900, 1905 and the last one being in 1910. During the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, censuses were conducted in 1931 and 1921; the census in 1941 was never conducted due to the outbreak of World War II. Socialist Yugoslavia conducted censuses in 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, and 1991. The two most recent censuses were held in 2002 and 2011.

The years since the first 1834 Census saw frequent border changes of Serbia, first amidst the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary, then subsequent formation and later disintegration of Yugoslavia and, finally, recent self-proclaimed independence of Kosovo which affected territorial scope in which all these censuse have been conducted.

Vital statistics

Ethnic groups

Ethnic map (2011 census)

Situated in the middle of the Balkans, Serbia is home to many different ethnic groups. According to the 2011 census, Serbs are the largest ethnic group in the country and constitute 83.3% of population. Hungarians are the largest ethnic minority in Serbia, concentrated predominately in northern Vojvodina and representing 3.5% of the country's population (13% in Vojvodina). Roma people constitute 2% of the total population but unofficial estimates put their actual number to be twice or three as high.^[5] Bosniaks are third largest ethnic minority mainly inhabiting Raška region in southwestern part of the country. Other minority groups include Croats (0.9%), Slovaks (0.8%), Albanians, Montenegrins (0.5%), Romanians (0.4%), Macedonians (0.3%), and Bulgarians (0.3%). The Chinese^[6][7] and Arabs, are the only two significant immigrant minorities.

Religion

Religion map (2002 census)

Serbia is largely a homogeneous Eastern Orthodox nation, with Catholic and Muslim minorities, among other smaller confessions.^[10]

Orthodox Christians number 6,079,396 or 84.5% of country's population. The Serbian Orthodox Church is the largest and traditional church of the country, adherents of which are overwhelmingly Serbs. Other Orthodox Christian communities in Serbia include Montenegrins, Romanians, Vlachs, Macedonians and Bulgarians.

There are 356,957 Roman Catholics in Serbia, roughly 5% of the population, mostly in Vojvodina (especially its northern part) which is home to minority ethnic groups such as Hungarians, Croats, Bunjevci, Albanians, as well as to some Slovaks and Czechs.^[10] Protestantism accounts for about 1% of the country's population, chiefly among Slovaks in Vojvodina as well as among Reformist Hungarians.

Muslims, with 222,282 or 3% of population, form third largest religious group. Islam has a strong historic following in the southern regions of Serbia, primarily in southern Raška. Bosniaks are the largest Islamic community in Serbia; estimates are that some third of country's Roma people are Muslim.

Atheists numbered 80,053 or 1.1% of population and additional 4,070 are Agnostics.^[11]

Languages

Linguistic map (2002 census)

The official language is Serbian, member of the South Slavic group of languages, and is native to 6,330,919 or 88% of the population.^[11] Recognized minority languages are: Hungarian (mother tongue to 243,146 people or 3.4% of population), Slovak, Albanian, Romanian, Bulgarian and Rusyn as well as Bosnian and Croatian which are completely mutual intelligible with Serbian. All these languages are in official use in municipalities or cities where more than a 15% of population consists of national minority.^[12] In Vojvodina, provincial administration uses, besides Serbian, five other languages (Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Croatian and Rusyn).

Largest cities

Migration

Immigration

See also: Immigration to Serbia

Foreign citizens in Serbia in 2016.^[13]

	Temporary residence		Permanent residence
#	Country	Population	Country	Population
1	China	3,280	China	1,232
2	Russia	2,677	Romania	1,162
3	Libya	1,656	Russia	620
4	Macedonia	1,386	Macedonia	516
5	Ukraine	1,031	Ukraine	340
	Total	19,929	Total	6,684

Education

According to 2011 census, literacy in Serbia stands at 98% of population while computer literacy is at 49% (complete computer literacy is at 34.2%).^[14] Same census showed the following levels of education: 16.2% of inhabitants have higher education (10.6% have bachelors or master's degrees, 5.6% have an associate degree), 49% have a secondary education, 20.7% have an elementary education, and 13.7% have not completed elementary education.^[15]

Health

The life expectancy in Serbia at birth is 74.8 years, 71.9 for males and 77.7 for females.^[16] Serbia has a comparatively old overall population (among the 10 oldest in the world), with the average age of 42.9 years.^[17]

Period	Life expectancy in Years[18]
1950–1955	59.12
1955–1960	61.60
1960–1965	64.26
1965–1970	66.72
1970–1975	68.53
1975–1980	69.53
1980–1985	70.20
1985–1990	71.14
1990–1995	71.74
1995–2000	71.91
2000–2005	72.36
2005–2010	73.33
2010–2015	74.65

See also

• Demographic history of Serbia
• Demographic history of Vojvodina
• Demographic history of Kosovo

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Demographics of Serbia.

Sources

• "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia: Ethnicity" (PDF). Press conference. RZS. 29 November 2012.

Further reading

• Ocić, Časlav (2006). "Kosovo and Metohia: Ethnodemographic Changes from the End of World War II to 1991". Срби на Косову и у Метохији: Зборник радова са научног скупа (PDF). Београд: Српска академија наука и уметности. pp. 441–460.