Demographics of Poland

The population of Poland, Data of FAO, 1961-2014 ; Number of inhabitants in millions.
Largest cities and towns in Poland (over 20,000 citizens; 2010 data)
Alternative map

The demographics of Poland constitute all demographic features of the population of Poland, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

According to the 2011 census by the Polish Central Statistical Office (GUS), at the end of 2011 Poland had a population of 38,538,447[1], which translates into an average population density of 123 people/km2 (urban 1105 per 1 km², rural 50 per 1 km²). 61.5% of the Polish population lives in urban areas, a number which is slowly diminishing. Poland is the 33rd most populous country in the world (9th in Europe, with 5.4% of the European population). Total population of Poland is almost stagnant (population growth was 0.08%). Average life expectancy was 70.5 for men and 78.9 for women. In 2009, it was expected to be 73.1 for men and 79.5 for women. Population distribution is uneven. Ethnically, Poland is a very homogeneous country, with 96.7% of population being Polish.

A number of censuses have assessed this data, including a national census in 2002, and a survey by the Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights (HFHR), which confirmed there are numerous autochthonous ethnic groups in Poland. Estimates by INTEREG and Eurominority present a similar demographic picture of Poland but they provide estimates only for the most numerous of these ethnic groups.

Like many developed nations, Poland is ageing. In 1950, the median age was 25.8: half of the Polish population was younger, half older. Today it is 38.2. If current trends continue, it may be 51 by 2050.[2] As the population is ageing, it also started to decline in the 1990s mainly due to low birth rates and continued emigration which impacted the economy, however this has started to change. The number of children born in Polish families (TFR of 1.31, down from 2 in 1990) is one of the lowest in Central Europe, but has started to improve in recent years.[3][4]

Historical population

Population of Poland 1900-2010

For many centuries, until the end of World War II in 1945, the population of Poland included many significant ethnic minorities.

Twentieth century

The population of Poland decreased by about six million due to the losses sustained during the Holocaust and German occupation during World War II (1939-1945), and Poland became one of the most ethnically homogeneous areas in Europe (next to the populations of Slovakia and the Czech Republic) as a result of radically altered borders and population expulsions at the end of and after the war. The post-war population movements were accompanied by two waves of forced migrations ordered by the Soviet and Polish communist authorities, including the transfers of sizable Polish populations (1944-1946) from the pre-war territories of Eastern Poland, which today form parts of Lithuania, of Belarus and of Ukraine, the transfer of ethnic Ukrainians back to the USSR (1944-1946), and the expulsion of Germans (1945-1950) to Germany from German provinces which fell into the Soviet Zone of Occupation and which the Soviets then awarded to the communist government in Poland.

According to GUS, about 38,325,000 people live in Poland, however, the same report states that the number of residents living in the country all the time is approximately 37,200,000; with 1,125,000 people living abroad for 6 to 7 months or more. It means that the permanent population may be correspondingly smaller.[5]

In the 21st century many Poles migrated following Poland's accession to the European Union in 2004 and the opening of the EU's labor market; with approximately 2 million (primarily young) Poles taking up jobs abroad.[6]

Vital statistics

  1.4 - 1.5
  1.3 - 1.4
  < 1.3 (2014)

Total Fertility Rate from 1800 to 1920

The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.[7]

Years18001801180218031804180518061807180818091810[7]
Total Fertility Rate in Poland6.286.266.256.236.226.26.196.176.166.146.12
Years1811181218131814181518161817181818191820[7]
Total Fertility Rate in Poland6.116.096.086.066.056.036.036.166.36.03
Years1821182218231824182518261827182818291830[7]
Total Fertility Rate in Poland6.36.035.765.496.836.166.36.226.146.06
Years1831183218331834183518361837183818391840[7]
Total Fertility Rate in Poland5.985.96.436.835.96.36.576.036.436.57
Years1841184218431844184518461847184818491850[7]
Total Fertility Rate in Poland6.166.436.36.035.365.495.094.825.495.63
Years1851185218531854185518561857185818591860[7]
Total Fertility Rate in Poland5.635.495.635.364.825.365.766.36.576.57
Years1861186218631864186518661867186818691870[7]
Total Fertility Rate in Poland6.436.976.576.25.835.465.095.635.636.16
Years1871187218731874187518761877187818791880[7]
Total Fertility Rate in Poland5.765.495.765.765.495.495.235.235.365.23
Years1881188218831884188518861887188818891890[7]
Total Fertility Rate in Poland5.095.235.235.095.365.365.365.495.765.63
Years1891189218931894189518961897189818991900[7]
Total Fertility Rate in Poland5.635.365.635.95.95.765.635.495.495.49
Years1901190219031904190519061907190819091910[7]
Total Fertility Rate in Poland5.365.365.095.094.965.095.094.964.964.82
Years1911191219131914191519161917191819191920[7]
Total Fertility Rate in Poland4.694.564.694.823.893.623.223.224.424.69

Vital statistics from 1921 to 1945

[8][9][10]

Year [11] Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rates[fn 1][7]
1921 27 224 000 890 400568 300322 100 32.720.911.84.4
1922 27 846 000 983 100554 600482 500 35.319.915.44.73
1923 28 480 000 1 014 700493 800520 900 35.617.318.34.82
1924 29 007 000 1 000 100519 200480 900 34.517.916.64.69
1925 29 475 000 1 036 600492 200544 400 35.216.718.54.74
1926 29 906 000 989 100532 700456 400 33.117.815.34.44
1927 30 302 000 958 733525 633433 100 31.617.314.34.23
1928 30 693 000 990 993504 207486 786 32.316.415.94.29
1929 31 084 000 994 101518 929475 172 32.016.715.34.26
1930 31 490 000 1 022 811488 417534 394 32.515.517.04.33
1931 31 935 000 964 573493 703470 870 30.215.514.74.05
1932 32 394 000 934 663486 548448 115 28.915.013.83.87
1933 32 823 000 868 675466 210402 465 26.514.212.33.55
1934 33 223 000 881 615479 684401 931 26.514.412.13.56
1935 33 616 000 876 667470 998405 669 26.114.012.13.5
1936 34 020 000 892 320482 633409 687 26.214.212.03.51
1937 34 441 000 856 064481 594374 470 24.914.010.93.34
1938 34 849 000 849 873479 602370 271 24.413.810.63.26
Years1939194019411942194319441945[7]
Total Fertility Rate in Poland3.233.213.183.163.133.113.08

After World War II

[12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17][7][18]

Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rates Life expectancy (males) Life expectancy (females) Share of births outside marriage Immigration Emigration Net external migration
1946 23 777 000 570 000 335 000 235 000 24.0 14.1 9.9 3.06
1947 23 970 000 630 000 271 000 359 000 26.3 11.3 15.0 3.51
1948 23 980 000 704 772 268 000 436 772 29.4 11.2 18.2 3.93
1949 24 410 000 725 061 284 000 441 061 29.7 11.6 18.1 3.94
1950 24 824 000 763 108 288 685 474 423 30.7 11.6 19.1 3,705 56,07 61,68
1951 25 271 000 783 597 312 314 471 283 31.0 12.4 18.6 3,745 55,11 60,67
1952 25 753 000 778 962 286 730 492 232 30.2 11.1 19.1 3,670 57,59 63,07
1953 26 255 000 779 000 266 527 512 473 29.7 10.2 19.5 3,605 59,58 65,05
1954 26 761 000 778 054 276 406 501 648 29.1 10.3 18.7 3,580 59,8 65,06
1955 27 281 000 793 847 261 576 532 271 29.1 9.6 19.5 3,605 60,82 66,19
1956 27 815 000 779 835 249 606 530 229 28.0 9.0 19.1 3,605 62,29 67,52
1957 28 310 000 782 319 269 137 513 182 27.6 9.5 18.1 3,485 61,2 66,7
1958 28 770 000 752 600 241 435 511 165 26.2 8.4 17.8 3,355 63,08 68,57
1959 29 240 000 722 928 252 430 470 498 24.7 8.6 16.1 3,215 62,71 68,3
1960 29 561 000 669 485 224 167 445 318 22.6 7.6 15.1 2,98 64,94 70,6
1961 29 965 000 627 624 227 759 399 865 20.9 7.6 13.3 2,83 64,91 70,78
1962 30 324 000 599 505 239 199 360 306 19.8 7.9 11.9 2,72 64,53 70,49
1963 30 691 000 588 235 230 072 358 163 19.2 7.5 11.7 2,70 65,41 71,52
1964 31 161 000 562 855 235 919 326 936 18.1 7.6 10.5 2,57 65,78 71,6
1965 31 496 000 546 362 232 421 313 941 17.3 7.4 10.0 2,52 66,58 72,4
1966 31 698 000 530 307 232 945 297 362 16.7 7.3 9.4 2,33 66,87 72,85
1967 31 944 000 520 383 247 705 272 678 16.3 7.8 8.5 2,30 66,44 72,61
1968 32 426 000 524 174 244 115 280 059 16.2 7.5 8.6 2,24 67,04 73,55
1969 32 555 000 531 135 262 823 268 312 16.3 8.1 8.2 2,20 66,5 73,09
1970 32 526 000 545 973 266 799 279 174 16.8 8.2 8.6 2,22 66,62 73,33 5,0
1971 32 805 000 562 341 283 702 278 639 17.1 8.6 8.5 2,25 66,13 73,25
1972 33 068 000 575 725 265 250 310 475 17.4 8.0 9.4 2,24 67,32 74,17
1973 33 363 000 598 559 277 188 321 371 17.9 8.3 9.6 2,24 67,15 74,3
1974 33 691 000 621 080 277 085 343 995 18.4 8.2 10.2 2,26 67,8 74,64
1975 34 022 000 643 772 296 896 346 876 18.9 8.7 10.2 2,27 67,02 74,26 4,7
1976 34 362 000 670 140 304 057 366 083 19.5 8.8 10.7 2,31 66,92 74,55
1977 34 698 000 662 582 312 956 349 626 19.1 9.0 10.1 2,33 66,49 74,5
1978 35 010 000 666 336 325 104 341 232 19.0 9.3 9.7 2,30 66,36 74,53
1979 35 257 000 688 293 323 048 365 245 19.5 9.2 10.4 2,39 66,79 74,91 4,8
1980 35 578 000 692 798 350 203 342 595 19.5 9.8 9.6 2,42 66,01 74,44
1981 35 902 000 678 696 328 923 349 773 18.9 9.2 9.7 2,34 67,1 75,24
1982 36 227 000 702 351 334 869 367 482 19.4 9.2 10.1 2,38 67,24 75,2
1983 36 571 000 720 756 349 388 371 368 19.7 9.6 10.2 2,41 67,04 75,16
1984 36 914 000 699 041 364 883 334 158 18.9 9.9 9.1 2,36 66,84 74,97
1985 37 203 000 677 576 381 458 296 118 18.2 10.3 8.0 2,33 66,5 74,81 5,0
1986 37 456 000 634 748 376 316 258 432 16.9 10.0 6.9 2,21 66,76 75,13
1987 37 664 000 605 492 378 365 227 127 16.1 10.0 6.0 2,15 66,81 75,2
1988 37 862 000 587 741 370 821 216 920 15.5 9.8 5.7 2,12 67,15 75,67
1989 37 963 000 562 530 381 173 181 357 14.8 10.0 4.8 2,08 66,76 75,45
1990 38 119 000 545 817 390 343 155 474 14.3 10.2 4.1 2,04 66,23 75,24 6,2
1991 38 245 000 547 719 405 716 142 003 14.3 10.6 3.7 2,05 65,88 75,06 6,6
1992 38 365 000 515 214 394 729 120 485 13.4 10.3 3.1 1,91 66,47 75,48 7,2
1993 38 459 000 494 310 392 259 102 051 12.9 10.2 2.7 1,86 67,17 75,81 8,2
1994 38 544 000 481 285 386 398 94 887 12.5 10.0 2.5 1,78 67,5 76,08 9,0
1995 38 588 000 443 109 386 084 57 025 11.5 10.0 1.5 1,65 67,62 76,39 9,5
1996 38 618 000 428 203 385 496 42 707 11.1 10.0 1.1 1,58 68,12 76,57 10,2
1997 38 650 000 412 635 380 201 32 434 10.7 9.8 0.8 1,52 68,45 76,99 11,0
1998 38 666 000 395 619 375 354 20 265 10.2 9.7 0.5 1,44 68,87 77,34 11,6
1999 38 654 000 382 002 381 415 587 9.9 9.9 0.0 1,37 68,83 77,49 11,7
2000 38 649 000 378 348 368 028 10 320 9.8 9.5 0.3 1,35 69,74 78 12,1
2001 38 248 000 368 205 363 220 4 985 9.6 9.5 0.1 1,32 70,21 78,38 13,1
2002 38 231 000 353 765 359 486 -5 721 9.3 9.4 -0.1 1,25 70,42 78,78 14,4
2003 38 205 000 351 072 365 230 -14 158 9.2 9.6 -0.4 1,22 70,52 78,9 15,8
2004 38 183 000 356 131 363 522 -7 391 9.3 9.5 -0.2 1,23 70,67 79,23 17,1
2005 38 166 000 364 383 368 285 -3 902 9.5 9.6 -0.1 1,24 70,81 79,4 18,5
2006 38 141 000 374 244 369 686 4 558 9.8 9.7 0.1 1,27 70,93 79,62 18,9
2007 38 121 000 387 873 377 226 10 647 10.2 9.9 0.3 1,31 70,96 79,74 19,5
2008 38 126 000 414 499 379 399 35 100 10.9 10.0 0.9 1,39 71,26 79,96 19,9
2009 38 152 000 417 589 384 940 32 649 10.9 10.1 0.9 1,40 71,53 80,05 20,2
2010 38 530 000 413 300 378 500 34 800 10,7 9,8 0,9 1,41 72,1 80,59 20,6
2011 38 538 000 388 400 375 500 12 900 10,1 9,7 0,3 1,33 72,44 80,9 21,2
2012 38 533 000 387 858 384 788 3 070 10,1 10,0 0,1 1,33 72,71 80,98 22,3
2013 38 496 000 369 600 387 300 -17 700 9,6 10,1 -0,5 1,29 73,1 81,1 23,4
2014 38 479 000 375 160 376 467 -1 307 9,7 9,8 -0,1 1,32 73,75 81,61 24,2
2015 38 437 000 369 308 394 921 -25 613 9,6 10,3 -0,7 1,32 73,58 81,57 24,6 12 330 28 080 -15 750
2016 38 433 000 382 257 388 009 -5 752 9,9 10,1 -0,2 1,39 73,94 81,94 25,0 13 500 12 000 1 500
2017 38 434 000 401 982 402 852 -870 10,5 10,5 -0,0 1,46 13 324 11 888 1 436

Current vital statistics

[19] [20]

Number of births from January-July 2017 =Increase 235,200 (10,5‰)

Number of births from January-July 2018 =Decrease 229,700 (10,2‰)

Number of deaths from January-July 2017 =Negative increase 241,200(10,8‰)

Number of deaths from January-July 2018 =Negative increase 248,200 (11,1‰)

Natural increase from January-July 2017 =Increase -6,000 (-0,3‰)

Natural increase from January-July 2018 =Decrease -18,500 (-0,9‰)

Life expectancy

Period Life expectancy in
Years		 Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 61.4 1985–1990 70.7
1955–1960 65.9 1990–1995 71.2
1960–1965 68.3 1995–2000 72.7
1965–1970 69.8 2000–2005 74.6
1970–1975 70.3 2005–2010 75.6
1975–1980 70.4 2010–2015 77.0
1980–1985 70.7

Source: UN World Population Prospects[21]

Structure of the population

[22][23]

Structure of the population (01.07.2012) (estimates, excluding civilian aliens within the country, but including civilian nationals temporarily outside the country) :
Age group Male Female Total %
Total 18 651 441 19 882 348 38 533 789 100
0-4 1 058 874 1 005 069 2 063 943 5,36
5-9 945 643 897 723 1 843 366 4,78
10-14 974 509 925 506 1 900 015 4,93
15-19 1 158 367 1 108 267 2 266 634 5,88
20-24 1 394 761 1 341 393 2 736 154 7,10
25-29 1 623 072 1 575 546 3 198 618 8,30
30-34 1 602 736 1 558 622 3 161 358 8,20
35-39 1 470 751 1 432 822 2 903 573 7,54
40-44 1 231 083 1 209 751 2 440 834 6,33
45-49 1 196 548 1 192 952 2 389 500 6,20
50-54 1 369 258 1 414 996 2 784 254 7,23
55-59 1 404 141 1 522 140 2 926 281 7,59
60-64 1 163 935 1 350 684 2 514 619 6,53
65-69 675 573 861 584 1 537 157 3,99
70-74 529 739 776 722 1 306 461 3,39
75-79 424 407 720 249 1 144 656 2,97
80-84 278 428 566 126 844 554 2,19
85-89 115 213 311 388 426 601 1,11
90-94 28 565 91 223 119 788 0,31
95-99 4 614 18 265 22 879 0,06
100+ 224 1 320 1 544 <0,01
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 2 979 026 2 828 298 5 807 324 15,07
15-64 13 615 652 13 707 173 27 322 825 70,91
65+ 2 056 763 3 346 877 5 403 640 14,02
Structure of the population (30.06.2015) (estimates) :
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 18 607 417 19 847 159 38 454 576 100
0-4 982 639 928 662 1 911 301 4.97
5-9 1 047 830 996 205 2 044 035 5.32
10-14 924 671 877 780 1 802 451 4.69
15-19 1 028 884 979 585 2 008 469 5.22
20-24 1 257 703 1 209 498 2 467 201 6.42
25-29 1 464 438 1 417 040 2 881 478 7.49
30-34 1 647 147 1 602 930 3 250 077 8.45
35-39 1 561 396 1 522 202 3 083 598 8.02
40-44 1 354 899 1 329 476 2 684 375 6.98
45-49 1 166 358 1 160 878 2 327 236 6.05
50-54 1 211 294 1 238 398 2 449 692 6.37
55-59 1 386 303 1 489 816 2 876 119 7.48
60-64 1 256 035 1 443 985 2 700 020 7.0
65-69 917 893 1 147 725 2 065 618 5.37
70-74 501 311 716 224 1 217 535 3.17
75-79 426 059 715 629 1 141 688 2.97
80-84 287 908 573 415 861 323 2.24
85+ 184 649 497 711 682 360 1.77
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 2 955 140 2 802 647 5 757 787 14.97
15-64 13 334 457 13 393 808 26 728 265 69.51
65+ 2 317 820 3 650 704 5 968 524 15.52

Density

Demographic statistics

Population pyramid 2016

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review.[24]

  • One birth every 2 minutes
  • One death every 1 minutes
  • Net loss of one person every 8 minutes
  • One net migrant every 53 minutes

Demographic statistics according to the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[25]

Population
38,476,269 (July 2017 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years: 14.76% (male 2,919,353/female 2,757,923)
15-24 years: 10.7% (male 2,113,358/female 2,003,033)
25-54 years: 43.48% (male 8,447,418/female 8,283,757)
55-64 years: 14.21% (male 2,586,097/female 2,880,031)
65 years and over: 16.86% (male 2,560,847/female 3,924,452) (2017 est.)
0-14 years: 14.7% (male 2,910,324/female 2,748,546)
15-64 years: 71.6% (male 13,698,363/female 13,834,779)
65 years and over: 13.7% (male 2,004,550/female 3,245,026) (2011 est.)
0–14 years: 14.8% (male 2,931,732/female 2,769,021)
15–64 years: 71.7% (male 13,725,939/female 13,863,103)
65 years and over: 13.5% (male 1,971,763/female 3,202,131) (2010 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.35 children born/woman (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 215th
Median age
total: 40.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 47th
male: 39 years
female: 42.4 years (2017 est.)
total: 38.5 years
male: 36.8 years
female: 40.3 years (2011 est.)
Population growth rate
-0.13% (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 206th
Birth rate
9.5 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 202th
Death rate
10.4 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)
Net migration rate
-0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 118th
Mother's mean age at first birth
27.4 years (2014 est.)
Infant mortality rate
total: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births. Country comparison to the world: 182th
male: 4.8 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)
total: 6.42 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.12 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.67 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 77.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 67th
male: 73.9 years
female: 81.8 years (2017 est.)
total population: 75.85 years
male: 71.88 years
female: 80.06 years (2010 est.)
total population: 76.25 years
male: 72.31 years
female: 80.43 years (2012 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 16 years
male: 16 years
female: 17 years (2013)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
total: 20.8%. Country comparison to the world: 62th
male: 20.7%
female: 20.9% (2015 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2012 est.)
Population distribution

Population concentrated in the southern area around Krakow and the central area around Warsaw and Lodz, with an extension to the northern coastal city of Gdansk

Ethnic groups

Polish 96.9%, Silesian 1.1%, German 0.2%, Ukrainian 0.1%, other and unspecified 1.7% note: represents ethnicity declared first (2011 est.)

Languages

Polish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.3% note: data represents the language spoken at home; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; Poland ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2009 recognizing Kashub as a regional language, Czech, Hebrew, Yiddish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, German, Armenian, Russian, Slovak, and Ukrainian as national minority languages, and Karaim, Lemko, Romani (Polska Roma and Bergitka Roma), and Tatar as ethnic minority languages (2011 est.)

Religions

Catholic 87.2% (includes Roman Catholic 86.9% and Greek Catholic, Armenian Catholic, and Byzantine-Slavic Catholic .3%), Orthodox 1.3% (almost all are Polish Autocephalous Orthodox), Protestant 0.4% (mainly Augsburg Evangelical and Pentacostal), other 0.4% (includes Jehovah's Witness, Buddhist, Hare Krishna, Gaudiya Vaishnavism, Muslim, Jewish, Mormon), unspecified 10.8% (2012 est.)

Nationalities

97.10% of the people of Poland claim sole or partial Polish nationality, and 98.19% declare that they speak Polish at home (2011). Among minority groups, the largest numbers of respondents claimed Silesian nationality , followed by Kashubian , German , Ukrainian , Vietnamese , Belarusian and Russians [26] The statistics on Ukrainians do not include recently arrived migrant workers, which a report by the National Bank of Poland estimated at around 1 million in 2015.[27]

Largest metropolitan and urban areas

Population numbers by database
Area ESPON [28] Eurostat LUZ [29] Ministry of Regional Development[30] United Nations [31] Demographia.com[32] Citypopulation.de[33] Scientific study by T. Markowski[34] Scientific study by Swianiewicz, Klimska [35]
Katowice (Katowice urban area) 3,029,000[36](5,294,000) 2,710,397 3,239,200 3,069,000 2,500,000 2,775,000 2,746,000 2,733,000
Warsaw 2,785,000 2,660,406 2,680,600 2,194,000 2,030,000 2,375,000 2,631,900 2,504,000
Kraków 1,236,000 1,264,322 1,227,200 818,000 750,000 Not listed 1,257,500 1,367,000
Łódź 1,165,000 1,163,516 1,061,600 974,000 950,000 1,060,000 1,178,000 1,129,000
Gdańsk 993,000 1,105,203 1,220,800 854,000 775,000 No data 1,098,400 1,210,000
Poznań 919,000 1,018,511 1,227,200 No data 600,000 No data 1,011,200 846,000
Wrocław 861,000 1,031,439 1,136,900 No data 700,000 No data 1,029,800 956,000
Szczecin 721,000 878,314 724,700 No data 500,000 No data No data 755,806

Demographics by town

   City  Voivodeship  Inhabitants
May 20, 2002		 Inhabitants
December 31, 2006		 Inhabitants
December 31, 2010
1WarsawMasovian1,671,6701,702,1391,720,398
2KrakówLesser Poland758,544756,267756,183
3ŁódźŁódź789,318760,251737,098
4WrocławLower Silesia640,367634,630632,996
5PoznańGreater Poland578,886564,951551,627
6GdańskPomeranian461,334456,658456,967
7SzczecinWestern Pomeranian415,399409,068405,606
8BydgoszczKuyavia-Pomeranian373,804363,468356,177
9LublinLublin357,110353,483348,450
10KatowiceSilesia327,222314,500306,826
11Białystok (Demographics)Podlaskie291,383294,830295,198
12GdyniaPomerania253,458251,844247,324
13CzęstochowaSilesian251,436245,030238,042
14RadomMasovian229,699225,810222,496
15SosnowiecSilesia232,622225,030217,638
16ToruńKuyavia-Pomerania211,243207,190205,312
17KielceŚwiętokrzyskie212,429207,188203,804
18GliwiceSilesia203,814198,499195,472
19ZabrzeSilesia195,293190,110186,913
20BytomSilesia193,546186,540181,617
21RzeszówSubcarpathia160,376165,578178,227
22OlsztynWarmia-Masuria173,102174,941176,463
23Bielsko-BiałaSilesia178,028176,453175,008
24Ruda ŚląskaSilesia150,595145,471142,950
25RybnikSilesia142,731141,388141,410
26TychySilesia132,816130,492129,386
27Dąbrowa GórniczaSilesia132,236129,559127,431
28PłockMasovia128,361127,224126,061
29ElblągWarmia-Masuria128,134126,985126,049
30OpoleOpole129,946127,602125,710
31Gorzów WielkopolskiLubusz125,914125,504125,394
32WałbrzychLower Silesia130,268124,988120,197
33Zielona GóraLubusz118,293138,512117,699
34WłocławekKuyavia-Pomerania121,229119,256116,914
35TarnówLesser Poland119,913116,967114,635
36ChorzówSilesia117,430113,978112,697
37KoszalinWestern Pomerania108,709107,693107,948
38KaliszGreater Poland109,498108,477106,664
39LegnicaLower Silesia107,100105,186103,892
40GrudziądzKuyavia-Pomerania99,94399,24498,757
41SłupskPomerania100,37698,09296,665

Demographics by voivodeship

Inhabitants of voivodeships
(2008, according to GUS)
Lower Silesian19 9472 887 059-0,04
Kuyavian-Pomeranian17 9722 067 918+0,07
Lublin25 1222 161 832-0,15
Lubusz13 9981 008 9260,00
Łódź18 2192 548 861-0,20
Lesser Poland15 1833 287 136+0.22
Masovian35 5585 204 495+0,26
Opole94121 033 040-0,31
Subcarpathian17 8462 099 495+0,03
Podlaskie (Demographics)20 1871 191 470-0,07
Pomeranian18 3102 219 512+0,32
Silesian12 3344 645 665-0.12
Świętokrzyskie11 7101 272 784-0,20
Warmian-Masurian24 1731 427 073+0,03
Greater Poland29 8273 397 617+0.26
West Pomeranian22 8921 692 957+0,04
Poland312 67938 135 876+0,05

Ethnic groups

Map of at least 10% non-Polish areas
Population background % Population[37]
European 98.6 37,962,000
European Union 98.2 37,813,000
     Ethnic Polish (including Silesians and Kashubians) 97.7 37,602,000
     Other EU member states (primarily German) 0.5 211,000
European Other (primarily Ukrainian and Belarusian) 0.4 149,000
Other background (primarily Vietnamese and Chechen) <0.1 29,000
Mixed or unspecified background 1.4 521,000
Total population 100 38,512,000

Religions

Roman Catholic 91%, Orthodox 1%, Other 2%, atheist/non-believer/agnostic 5%, not stated 1% (Eurobarometer 2012)[38]

Languages

Polish 97.8%, other and unspecified 2.2% (2002 census)

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and have been marked blue, 2 and below leads an aging population and the result is that the population reduces.

References

  1. ↑ "Ludność w gminach według stanu w dniu 31.12.2011 r. - bilans opracowany w oparciu o wyniki NSP 2011". Stat.gov.pl. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  2. ↑ "Poland: Aging and the Economy". Worldbank.org. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  3. ↑ "Poland Total fertility rate". Indexmundi.com. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  4. ↑ "Russia experiences baby boom". Euromonitor.typepad.com. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  5. ↑ Archived 2016-02-03 at the Wayback Machine.
  6. ↑ ""Sueddeutsche Zeitung": Polska przeżywa największą falę emigracji od 100 lat". Wiadomosci.onet.pl. 26 September 2014. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Max Roser (2014), "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", Our World In Data, Gapminder Foundation
  8. ↑ B.R. Mitchell. European historical statistics, 1750-1975.
  9. ↑ "United Nations : Demographic Yearbook 1948" (PDF). Unstats.un.org. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
  10. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-09-17. Retrieved 2008-08-29.
  11. ↑ "Démographie des pays développés". Ined.fr. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  12. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-06-16. Retrieved 2014-06-09.
  13. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-12-27. Retrieved 2012-01-03.
  14. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-05-25. Retrieved 2014-05-24.
  15. ↑ "Informacja o sytuacji społeczno-gospodarczej kraju w 2016 r." Stat.gov.pl. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  16. ↑ http://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/inne-opracowania/informacje-o-sytuacji-spoleczno-gospodarczej/informacja-o-sytuacji-spoleczno-gospodarczej-kraju-w-2017-r-,1,68.html
  17. ↑ http://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/other-studies/informations-on-socio-economic-situation/statistical-bulletin-no-22018,4,85.html
  18. ↑ http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tps00199&plugin=1
  19. ↑ "Statistical Bulletin No. 3/20187 - Population". Central Statistical Office of Poland. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
  20. ↑ http://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/other-studies/informations-on-socio-economic-situation/statistical-bulletin-no-22018,4,85.html
  21. ↑ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  22. ↑ "United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics". Unstats.un.org. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  23. ↑ "Ludność. Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym. Stan w dniu 30 VI 2015 r." Stat.gov.pl. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  24. ↑ "Poland Population 2018", World Population Review
  25. ↑ "World Factbook EUROPE : GERMANY", The World Factbook, July 12, 2018
  26. ↑ "Struktura narodowo-etniczna, językowa i wyznaniowa ludności Polski - NSP 2011". Stat.gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2017-01-31.
  27. ↑ "Obywatele Ukrainy pracujący w Polsce – raport z badania" (PDF). Nbp.pl. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  28. ↑ "Project 1.4.3". Web.archive.org. 28 July 2009. Archived from the original on 28 July 2009. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  29. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-04-06. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  30. ↑ ["Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-03-31. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  31. ↑ "World Urbanization Prospects" (PDF). United Nations - Department of Economic and Social Affairs / Population Division, The 2003 Revision (data of 2000). Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  32. ↑ "World Urban Areas" (PDF). Demographia.com. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  33. ↑ "Major Agglomerations of the World - Population Statistics and Maps". Citypopulation.de. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  34. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2009-03-28.
  35. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-01-24. Retrieved 2009-04-04.
  36. ↑ Data of polycentric Silesian metropolitan area
  37. ↑ Główny Urząd Statystyczny (January 2013). Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno-społeczna [Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011] (pdf) (in Polish). Główny Urząd Statystyczny. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  38. ↑ "Wayback Machine" (PDF). Web.archive.org. 2 December 2012. Archived from the original on 2 December 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
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