Demographics of Sierra Leone

Demographics of Sierra Leone
Population 7,396,190
Density 80.06 inhabitants per sq km.
Growth rate 15.40% (2004–2014 est.)
Birth rate 37.40 births/1,000 inhabitants
Death rate 11.03 deaths/1,000 inhabitants
Life expectancy 57.39 years
 • male 54.85 years
 • female 60.00 years
Fertility rate 4.83 children born/women
Infant mortality rate 73.29 deaths/1,000 births
Age structure
0–14 years 41.9%
15–64 years 54.4%
65 and over 3.7%
Sex ratio
Total 0.94 male(s)/female
At birth 1.03 male(s)/female
Under 15 0.99 male(s)/female
15–64 years 0.94 male(s)/female
65 and over 0.78 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality Sierra Leonean(s)
Major ethnic Temne 35%, Mende 31%
Minor ethnic Limba 8%, Kono 5%, Kriole 2%, Mandingo 2%, Loko 2%, other 15%
Language
Official English
Spoken Mende, Temne, Krio

The demographics of Sierra Leone are made up of an indigenous population from 18 ethnic groups. The Temne in the north and the Mende in the South are the largest. About 60,000 are Krio, the descendants of freed slaves who returned to Sierra Leone from Great Britain, North America and slave ships captured on the high seas. In addition, about 5,000 Lebanese, 1,000 Indians, and 5,000 Europeans reside in the country.

In the past, some Sierra Leoneans were noted for their educational achievements, trading activity, entrepreneurial skills, and arts and crafts work, particularly woodcarving. Many are part of larger ethnic networks extending into several countries, which link West African states in the area. Their level of education and infrastructure have declined sharply over the last 30 years.[1]

Population

Historical populations of Sierra Leone
YearPop.±% p.a.
1963 2,180,355—    
1974 2,735,159+2.08%
1985 3,515,812+2.31%
2004 4,976,871+1.85%
2014 5,743,725+1.44%
Source: [2]
Sierra Leone's total population, from 1961 to 2003.

According to the 2017 revision of the World Population Prospects[3] the total population was 7,396,190 in 2016, compared to only 1 895 000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 43%, 55.1% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 1.9% was 65 years or older .[4]

Total population (x 1000) Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 1 89539.457.63.0
1955 2 02939.657.52.9
1960 2 18739.657.52.9
1965 2 37339.857.32.9
1970 2 59340.556.92.9
1975 2 84540.556.63.0
1980 3 16241.156.02.9
1985 3 54142.055.32.7
1990 3 98242.455.12.6
1995 3 89842.355.32.4
2000 4 14342.455.52.1
2005 5 15342.955.21.9
2010 5 86843.055.11.9

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events is in Sierra Leone not complete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [4]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR*
1950-195596 00069 00027 00048.835.113.66.03242
1955-1960102 00071 00032 00048.633.615.06.03235
1960-1965110 00073 00037 00048.532.116.36.03227
1965-1970119 00075 00044 00047.830.117.75.98214
1970-1975124 00073 00050 00045.526.918.65.75195
1975-1980133 00069 00063 00044.123.121.15.63164
1980-1985143 00068 00076 00042.820.222.65.52135
1985-1990162 00086 00076 00043.022.820.15.59154
1990-1995175 000101 00073 00044.325.718.65.81166
1995-2000179 000100 00079 00044.624.919.65.84157
2000-2005199 00097 000102 00042.720.822.05.56133
2005-2010224 00093 000131 00040.616.923.75.22114
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Fertility and Births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[5]

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
2008 31.5 5.1 (4.5) 27.3 3.8 (3.4) 33.4 5.8 (5.2)
2013 35.7 4.9 (4.2) 29.5 3.5 (3.0) 38.2 5.7 (4.9)

Fertility data as of 2013 (DHS Program):[6]

District Total fertility rate Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49
Kailahun6.09.76.4
Kenema4.99.26.4
Kono5.88.16.6
Bombali4.47.36.1
Kambia5.88.55.8
Koinadugu5.59.66.8
Port Loko5.310.65.9
Tonkolili5.210.56.6
Bo5.19.96.1
Bonthe4.27.34.3
Moyamba6.29.46.0
Pujehun6.310.37.3
Western Area (Rural)3.89.85.1
Western Area (Urban)3.14.64.3

Life expectancy

Period Life expectancy in
Years[7]
1950–1955 28.82
1955–1960 Increase 29.87
1960–1965 Increase 30.99
1965–1970 Increase 32.63
1970–1975 Increase 36.78
1975–1980 Increase 39.70
1980–1985 Increase 40.85
1985–1990 Decrease 39.13
1990–1995 Decrease 35.96
1995–2000 Increase 36.69
2000–2005 Increase 41.32
2005–2010 Increase 45.88
2010–2015 Increase 50.19

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

Sierra Leone's population pyramid in 2005. In 2010, 43% of Sierra Leone's population was below the age of 15.[4]

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Population growth rate

2.33% growth rate (2014 est.)

Birth rate

38.12 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)

Death rate

11.41 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Net migration rate

-3.86 migrants/1,000 population (2012 est.)

Refugees currently in surrounding countries are slowly returning.

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female
total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female
total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2003 est.)

Maternal Mortality Ratio

890 deaths/100 000 births (2010)

Sierra Leone's MMR is the worst of any country in the world, according to the 2000 WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA report.

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 56.55 years
male: 54.08 years
female: 59.11 years (2012 est.)
total population: 42.84 years
male: 40.33 years
female: 45.42 years (2003 est.)
total population: 45.25 years
male: 42.37 years
female: 48.21 years (2000 est.)

Total fertility rate

4.9 children born/woman (2012 est.)

Health expenditures

13.1% of GDP (2009)

Physicians density

0.016 physicians/1,000 population (2008)

Hospital bed density

0.4 beds/1,000 population (2008)

HIV/AIDS

adult prevalence rate: 1.6% (2009 est.)
people living with HIV/AIDS: 49,000 (2009 est.)
deaths: 2,800 (2008 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
aerosolized dist or soil contact disease: Lassa fever (2009)

Nationality

noun: Sierra Leonean(s)
adjective: Sierra Leonean

Ethnic groups

The distribution of major ethnic groups within Sierra Leone.
18 native African tribes 90% (Temne 36%, Mende 33%, Limba 6.4%, Kono 4.4% other 20%)
Creole 1.2% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century)
Refugees from Liberia's recent civil war
Small numbers of Europeans, Lebanese, Pakistanis, and Indians

Religions[8]

Islam 60%
Christian 10%
Indigenous beliefs 30%

Languages

English (official, regular use limited to literate minority)
Mende (principal vernacular in the south)
Temne (principal vernacular in the north)
Fula (principal language in Sierra Leone, it is also strongly and widely spoken across West Africa and beyond...)
Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed American and West Indian slaves and Liberated Africans who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%)

Education expenditure

4.3% of GDP (2009)

Literacy

Definition: Age 15 and over can read and write English, Mende, Temne, or Arabic

Total population: 35.1%
Male: 46.9%
Female: 24.4% (2004 est.)
Total population: 31.4%
Male: 45.4%
Female: 18.2% (1995 est.)

Cities with the highest percentage of a single ethnic group

Citylargest ethnic grouppercentage of population
FreetownKrio28%Fullah28%
BoMende47%
KenemaMende45%
Koidu TownKono30%Fullah30%
MakeniTemne30%Fullah30%
MagburakaTemne46%
KabalaFullah49%
KailahunMende50%
BontheSherbro40%
Port LokoTemne50%
MoyambaMende42%
KambiaTemne20%Susu20%Fullah20%

References

  1. ↑ "Sierra Leone (02/08)". "U.S. Department of State". Retrieved 2008-02-17.
  2. ↑ "FINAL RESULTS 2004 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS" (PDF). Sierra-leone.org. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  3. ↑ "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision". ESA.UN.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
  4. 1 2 3 Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived May 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  5. ↑ "Sierra Leone - Demographic and Health Survey 2008". microdata.worldbank.org.
  6. ↑ "Demographic and Health Survey 2013" (PDF). Dhsprogram.com. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  7. ↑ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 2018-08-26.
  8. ↑ "Africa :: SIERRA LEONE". CIA The World Factbook.
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