鬼

鬼 U+9B3C, 鬼
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B3C
← 鬻
[U+9B3B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鬽 →
[U+9B3D]

Translingual
Stroke order
Mainland China
Stroke order
Stroke order
(cursive)

Han character

鬼 (radical 194, 鬼+0, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 竹山戈 (HUI) or 竹戈 (HI) or 竹田竹戈 (HWHI), four-corner 26213 or 26513, composition ⿱甶⿺儿厶(HTJKV) or ⿸⿻白丿⿺乚厶(G))

  1. Kangxi radical #194, ⿁.

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 1460, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45758
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1993, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4427, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9B3C

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 鬼

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 鬼
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (鬼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
謉 *tkuːlʔ, *krul
瑰 *kuːl, *ɡuːl
傀 *kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ
藱 *kuːl
魁 *kʰuːl
磈 *kʰuːlʔ, *qulʔ
塊 *kʰuːls, *kʰruːds
嵬 *ŋɡuːl, *ŋɡuːlʔ
隗 *ŋɡuːlʔ
槐 *ɡuːl, *ɡruːl
瘣 *ɡuːlʔ
廆 *ɡuːlʔ
溾 *ɡuːlʔ, *qruːl
螝 *ɡuːls, *krul
褢 *ɡruːl
騩 *krul, *kruls, *kul
愧 *kruls
媿 *kruls
聭 *kruls
餽 *ɡruls
鬼 *kulʔ
魏 *ŋɡuls
巍 *ŋul
犩 *ŋul, *ŋuls

Pictogram (象形) – a man or figure with an ugly face and tail.

Compare 異 (“different, strange”), where the 田 also derives from a face.

It may not be clear from the character, but the lower right “dot” is a small 厶; it is a residual tail – compare 离.

Etymology

Unknown. May be related to 威 (OC *qul, “to overawe, to terrorise”) with k-nominalisation and endoactive tone B, lit. "the thing which is doing the overawing", or related to 歸 (OC *klul, “to return”). See also 詭 (OC *krolʔ, “to deceive; peculiar”).

Pronunciation
Note:
  • 2jy - colloquial;
  • 2kue - literary.
Rime
Character 鬼
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 微 (21)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居偉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʉiX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʷɨiX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kiuəiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kujX/
Li
Rong		 /kiuəiX/
Wang
Li		 /kĭwəiX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kwe̯iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 guǐ
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鬼
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 guǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kjwɨjX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*k-ʔujʔ/
English ghost

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鬼
Reading # 1/1
No. 4689
Phonetic
component		 鬼
Rime
group		 微
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 鬼
Old
Chinese		 /*kulʔ/

Definitions

鬼

  1. ghost, especially that of a deceased who has returned to haunt the living; devil; apparition (Classifier: 隻／只)
    這房子常常鬧鬼。 / 这房子常常闹鬼。  ―  Zhè fángzǐ chángcháng nàoguǐ.  ―  This house is haunted.
    鬼才知道呢！  ―  Guǐ cái zhīdào ne!  ―  No, I don't know!!
  1. goblin; demon; spirit
  2. stealthy; tricky; furtive
  3. sinister plot; dirty trick
    心裡有鬼 / 心里有鬼  ―  xīnlǐ yǒu guǐ  ―  to harbour intentions that can't bear daylight
  4. devilish; damned; ghastly
    鬼天氣 / 鬼天气  ―  guǐ tiānqì  ―  damned weather
  5. (informal) clever; smart; quick
    這孩子鬼得很！ / 这孩子鬼得很！  ―  Zhè háizǐ guǐ dehěn!  ―  This kid is amazingly smart!
  6. (derogatory) fool; blockhead; guy; moral imbecile
    那個老鬼又來了。 / 那个老鬼又来了。  ―  Nàge lǎoguǐ yòu lái le.  ―  That gaffer is coming again.
  7. Derogatory name for people with a flaw or vice.
    煙鬼 / 烟鬼  ―  yānguǐ  ―  heavy smoker
    酒鬼  ―  jiǔguǐ  ―  alcoholic
    懶鬼 / 懒鬼  ―  lǎnguǐ  ―  lazybones
  8. (intimate) imp; urchin
    小鬼  ―  xiǎoguǐ  ―  imp
    機靈鬼 / 机灵鬼  ―  jīlíngguǐ  ―  crafty child
  9. (regional, usually in compounds) a Caucasian or Western person
    鬼佬 [Cantonese]  ―  gwai2 lou2 [Jyutping]  ―  gweilo (derogatory term for a white person)
  10. (Cantonese) traitor; rat
  11. (Cantonese, ball games) opponent trying to steal the ball
  12. (Cantonese, inserted in certain adjectives) so; very
  13. (mildly vulgar) the hell
    什麼鬼233 / 什么鬼233  ―  shénme guǐ 233  ―  what the hell LOL
    我點鬼記得！ / 我点鬼记得！ [Cantonese]  ―  Ngo5 dim2 gwai2 gei3 dak1! [Jyutping]  ―  How the hell am I supposed to remember?!
  14. (mildly vulgar) who the hell, what the hell
    鬼知道！  ―  Guǐ zhīdào!  ―  God knows!
    有鬼人知咩！ [Cantonese]  ―  Jau5 gwai2 jan4 zi1 me1! [Jyutping]  ―  Who the hell knows!
    鬼叫你…… [Cantonese]  ―  gwai2 giu3 nei5...... [Jyutping]  ―  Who the hell told you to... → No one told you to...
    有鬼用 [Cantonese]  ―  jau5 gwai2 jung6 [Jyutping]  ―  has what use (what the hell use it has) → is damn worthless, is of damn-all use

Compounds
Derived terms from 鬼

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (鬼):

Others:

Japanese

Kanji
鬼

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
鬼 (oni): two demon-ogres.
Kanji in this term
鬼
おに
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Thought to be derived from 隠 (on, “to hide; hidden from sight”).[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

鬼 (hiragana おに, rōmaji oni)

  1. ghost
  2. evil spirit, demon, ogre
    • 931–938, Wamyō Ruijushō, book 1, page 32:[3]
      人神 周易云、人神曰鬼、居偉反、和名於邇、或説云、於邇者、隠音之訛也、鬼物隠而不欲顯形、故以稱也。
  3. (figuratively) someone of remarkable or diabolical energy or ability, a demon
    彼女 (かのじょ)は仕事 (しごと)の鬼 (おに)だ。
    Kanojo wa shigoto no oni da.
    She is a demon for work.
  4. "it" in a game of tag/hide and seek (鬼ごっこ onigokko, "pretend spirits")

Synonyms

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. Minamoto, Shitagō; Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja

鬼 • (gwi) (hangeul 귀)

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Vietnamese

Han character

鬼 (quỷ, khuỷu, quẽ, quỉ, sưu)

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