羨

See also: 羡

羨	U+7FA8, 羨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7FA8

← 羧
[U+7FA7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

義 →
[U+7FA9]

Translingual

Han character

羨 (radical 123, 羊+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿土水弓人 (TGENO), four-corner 8018₂, composition ⿱𦍌㳄)

References

KangXi: page 952, character 31
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28503
Dae Jaweon: page 1396, character 25
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3134, character 10
Unihan data for U+7FA8

Chinese

trad.		羨/羡
simp.		羡

Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 羊 (“sheep”) + 㳄 (“saliva”) – to envy.

羊 may be interpreted as a beautiful sheep or good mutton (cf. 美 “beautiful” and 善 “good”).

The Kangxi Dictionary, following 《佩觿》, enters the word in etymology 2 as 羡, separating it from 羨 (etymolgoy 1). This is also followed by dictionaries such as Hanyu Da Cidian and Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, but Zhongwen Da Cidian disagrees with this treatment. (Hanyu Da Zidian regards 羡 as the main form of all pronunciations.) According to 《說文解字羣經正字》:

羨，貪欲也，今經典往往作羡。郭忠恕《佩觿》分羨、羡爲二字。羡，以脂翻，江夏地名；羨，似面翻，慕也。非也，字書無从次之字，惟一字而數音耳。 [Classical Chinese, trad.][▼ expand/hide]

羡，贪欲也，今经典往往作羡。郭忠恕《佩觿》分羡、羡为二字。羡，以脂翻，江夏地名；羡，似面翻，慕也。非也，字书无从次之字，惟一字而数音耳。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: 《說文解字羣經正字》, quoted from Zhongwen Da Cidian

羨 (Xiàn), tānyù yě, jīn jīngdiǎn wǎngwǎng zuò 羡. Guō Zhōngshù “Pèixī” fēn 羨 (xiàn), 羡 (yí) wéi èr zì. Yí, yǐ zhī fān, Jiāngxià dìmíng; xiàn, sì miàn fān, mù yě. Fēi yě, zìshū wú cóng 次 (cì) zhī zì, wéi yī zì ér shù yīn ěr. [Pinyin]

羨, meaning "to covet", is now frequently written as 羡 in the classics. Guo Zhongshu's Peixi distinguishes 羨 and 羡 as separate characters. 羡, fanqie 以脂, name of a place in Jiangxia. 羨, fanqie 似面, to desire. This is not the case. There's no such character with the 次 element in character dictionaries. There is only one character but several pronunciations.

Etymology 1

Possibly related to 餘 (OC *la, “surplus”) (Wang, 1982).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xiàn (xian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ

(Chengdu, SP): xian⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): sin⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhun⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): xien⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sien

(Meixian, Guangdong): xiên³
Jin (Wiktionary): xie³
Min Bei (KCR): sīng
Min Dong (BUC): siêng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): siān / siǎn / soān / soan

(Teochew, Peng'im): iang⁶ / iêng⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): xxi (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): sienn⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: xiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
  - Wade–Giles: hsien⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xian⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xian
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕiɛn²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: sin⁶
  - Yale: sihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sin⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: xin⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /siːn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lhun⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /ɬun³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: xien⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕiɛn¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sien
  - Hakka Romanization System: xien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xian⁴
  - IPA: /ɕi̯en⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: xiên³
  - IPA: /ɕiɛn³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xie³
  - IPA (old-style): /ɕie⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sīng
  - IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: siêng
  - IPA ^(key): /siɛŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siān
  - Tâi-lô: siān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sien
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɕiɛn²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕiɛn³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiɛn⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siǎn
  - Tâi-lô: siǎn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiɛn²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soān
  - Tâi-lô: suān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: soan
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /suan³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /suan²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soan
  - Tâi-lô: suan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: soafn
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /suan⁴⁴/

Note:

Xiamen, Zhangzhou:
- siān - literary;
- soān - vernacular.
surname:
- siān - Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou;
- soān - Zhangzhou;
- soan - Taiwan.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: iang⁶ / iêng⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iăng / iĕng
  - IPA ^(key): /iaŋ³⁵/, /ieŋ³⁵/

Note:

iang6 - Shantou;
iêng6 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: xxi (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /ʑ̻i²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: sienn⁴
  - IPA ^(key) (old-style): /siẽ⁴⁵/
  - IPA ^(key) (new-style): /ɕiẽ⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ziᴇn^H/▼

Rime
Character	羨
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	似面切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ziᴇn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ziɛn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/zjæn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/zian^H/
Li Rong	/ziɛn^H/
Wang Li	/zĭɛn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/zi̯ɛn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-N-qa[r]-s/, /*s-[ɢ]a[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ljans/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	羨	羨
Reading #	1/3	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiàn	xiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ zjen^H ›	‹ zjen^H ›
Old Chinese	/*s-N-qa[r]-s/	/*s-[ɢ]a[n]-s/
English	covet, desire	surplus, affluence
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	羨
Reading #	2/3
No.	13574
Phonetic component	羨
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	羡
Old Chinese	/*ljans/
Notes	㳄字轉註

Definitions

羨

to envy; to admire
^† superfluous; in surplus
^† surplus; affluence
^† to surpass; to exceed
^† abundant; plentiful
^† crooked; evil
10th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌏)
A surname.

Compounds

企羨／企羡
個個稱羨／个个称羡
健羨／健羡
充羨／充羡
奇羨／奇羡
曼羨／曼羡
欣羨／欣羡 (xīnxiàn)
欽羨／钦羡

歆羨／歆羡 (xīnxiàn)
歎羨／叹羡
稱羨／称羡 (chēngxiàn)
羨慕／羡慕 (xiànmù)
羨煞／羡煞
羨財／羡财
羨餘／羡余 (xiànyú)
耗羨／耗羡

臨川羨魚／临川羡鱼
臨河羨魚／临河羡鱼
臨淵羨魚／临渊羡鱼 (línyuānxiànyú)
談羨／谈羡
豔羨／艳羡 (yànxiàn)
陽羨／阳羡
餘羨／余羡
驚羨／惊羡

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yí (yi²)

(Zhuyin): ㄧˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yí
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˊ
  - Wade–Giles: i²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yi
  - IPA ^(key): /i³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /jiɪ/▼

Rime
Character	羨
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以脂切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/ji/
Shao Rongfen	/jɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ji/
Li Rong	/i/
Wang Li	/ji/
Bernard Karlgren	/i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yí

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*lel/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	羨
Reading #	1/3
No.	13573
Phonetic component	羨
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	姨
Old Chinese	/*lel/
Notes	沙羨漢縣

Definitions

羨

Only used in 沙羨／沙羡.

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 羨 – see 延 (“to prolong; to stretch; to extend; etc.”). (This character, 羨, is a variant form of 延.)

References

“羨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

羨

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): せん (sen, Jōyō); えん (en)
Kun: うらやましい (urayamashii, 羨ましい, Jōyō); うらやむ (urayamu, 羨む, Jōyō); あまり (amari)

Compounds

羨 (うらや)ましい (urayamashī): jealous, envious
羨 (うらや)む (urayamu): to be jealous, to be envious

Korean

Hanja

羨 • (seon, yeon) (hangeul 선, 연, revised seon, yeon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, yŏn, Yale sen, yen)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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