U+65E9, 早
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65E9

[U+65E8]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+65EA]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

(radical 72, +2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 日十 (AJ), four-corner 60400, composition)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 489, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13742
  • Dae Jaweon: page 850, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1483, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+65E9

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*ʔsuːʔ
*sʰuːʔ
*sʰuːʔ
*sʰuːʔ
*zuːʔ
*zuːʔ

Early bronze inscriptions: Pictogram (象形) – acorn. Original form of (OC *zuːʔ) (once also written as ). Borrowed for "morning" sense.

Late bronze inscriptions: Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsuːʔ) : semantic  (sun) + phonetic  (OC *ʔsuːʔ), with sometimes simplified as .

Small seal script: Ideogrammic compound (會意) :  (sun) +  (first) – when the sun first rises.

In some In ancient texts, (OC *ʔsuːʔ) was often used instead.

Etymology

Possible cognate found in Proto-Hmong-Mien *ntsi̯ouˣ (early), whence White Hmong ntxov and Iu Mien nziou (Baxter and Sagart, 2014; Schuessler, 2007), and Proto-Tai *ɟa:wᶜ (early morning), whence Thai เช้า (cháao) and ᦋᧁᧉ (tsaw2).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • cā - vernacular;
  • cō̤ - literary.
Note:
  • chá - vernacular;
  • chái - vernacular (for certain words);
  • chó͘/chó - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (13)
Final () (89)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sɑuX/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡sɑuX/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sɑuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sawX/
Li
Rong
/t͡sɑuX/
Wang
Li
/t͡sɑuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sɑuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zǎo
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zǎo
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsawX ›
Old
Chinese
/*Nə.tsˁuʔ/
English early

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 16546
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ʔsuːʔ/

Definitions

  1. early; in advance; soon
       Wǒ xǐng dé hěn zǎo.   I woke up early.
  2. long ago; for a long time
       zǎo zǒu le.   He left long ago.
  3. (early) morning
  4. good morning
    老師 / 老师   Lǎoshī zǎo!   Good morning, teacher!
  5. before; in the past time

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 早安 (“good morning”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 早安
Mandarin Beijing 早安, , 早上好
Taiwan 早安,
Liuzhou 早晨
Cantonese Guangzhou 早晨
Hong Kong 早晨
Foshan 早晨
Shunde 早晨
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 早晨
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 早晨
Taishan 早晨
Kaiping (Chikan) 早晨
Dongguan 早晨
Hakka Meixian 恁早
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 恁早, 恁會早, 恁早萋
Liudui (S. Sixian) 恁早
Hsinchu (Hailu) 恁早, 恁會早, 恁早萋
Dongshi (Dabu) 恁早, 恁早萋
Hsinchu (Raoping) 恁早, 恁早萋
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 𠢕早, 堅早
Sabah (Bao'an) 早晨
Min Nan Xiamen 𠢕早
Quanzhou 𠢕早
Zhangzhou 𠢕早
Taipei 𠢕早
Philippines (Manila) 好早起
Chaozhou 眠起好
Wu Shanghai 儂早

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
はや
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana はや, rōmaji haya)

  1. already, now

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

• (jo)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(tảo, linh)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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