Visa requirements for Bruneian citizens

Visa requirements for Bruneian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states which are imposed on citizens of Brunei. As of 28 September 2019, Bruneian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 165 countries and territories, ranking the Bruneian passport 21st in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley & Partners Passport Index.[1]

A Bruneian passport

Brunei is the only country whose citizens may travel without a visa to all of the permanent member countries of the UN Security Council (China, France, Russia, United Kingdom and United States). Brunei is also a part of ASEAN and has visa-free access to these countries and vice versa.

Besides the Bruneian passport, there are only 3 other passports that provide either visa-free entry, or entry via an electronic travel authorisation, to the world's four largest economies: China (visa-free, 15 days), India (e-Visa, 60 days), the European Union (visa-free, 90 days within 180 days), and the United States (ESTA required for arrivals by air and sea, 90 days): those of Japan, San Marino, and Singapore.

Visa requirements map
  Brunei
  Visa not required
  Visa obtainable on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Pre-arrival visa required

Visa requirements
Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[2]
 Albania Visa not required[3] 90 days
 Algeria Visa required[4]
 Andorra Visa not required[5]
 Angola Visa required[6]
 Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[7] 30 days
 Argentina Visa required[8]
 Armenia eVisa / Visa on arrival[9] 120 days
 Australia Electronic Travel Authority[11] 90 days
  • 90 days on each visit in 12-month period is granted
 Austria Visa not required[12] 90 days
 Azerbaijan eVisa[13] 30 days[14]
 Bahamas Visa not required[15] 3 months
 Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[16] 2 weeks
  • May also be obtained online in the form of an E-Visa.
 Bangladesh Visa required[17]
 Barbados Visa not required[18] 6 months
 Belarus Visa required[19]
  • Visas are issued on arrival at the Minsk International Airport if the support documents were submitted not later than 3 business days before expected date of arrival.[20]
  • In the case of transit visas, these may be obtained on arrival with a hotel confirmation, return ticket and visa to a 3rd country for a maximum validity of 2 calendar days.[21]
 Belgium Visa not required[22] 90 days
 Belize Visa not required[23]
 Benin eVisa / Visa on arrival[24][25] 30 days / 8 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan Visa required[26]
 Bolivia Visa on arrival[27] 90 days
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[28] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6 month period
 Botswana Visa not required[29] 90 days
 Brazil Visa required[30]
 Bulgaria Visa not required[31] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Burundi Visa required[32]
 Burkina Faso Visa required[33]
 Cambodia Visa not required[34] 14 days
 Cameroon Visa required[35]
  • Holders of a pre-arranged approval issued by "Le Delegue General de la Surete" can obtain a visa on arrival.
 Canada Visa not required[36] 6 months
  • eTA required if arriving by air.
 Cape Verde Visa on arrival[37]
 Central African Republic Visa required[38]
 Chad Visa required[39]
 Chile Visa required[40]
 China Visa not required[41] 15 days
 Colombia Visa not required[42] 180 days
  • 90 days - extendable up to 180-days stay within a one year period
 Comoros Visa on arrival[43] 45 days
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[44]
  • Not required for holders of a VIP Invitation Letter.
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Visa required[45]
 Costa Rica Visa not required[46] 90 days
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[47]
  • Must be arriving at Port Bouet Airport and hold an International Certificate of Vaccination.
 Croatia Visa not required[48] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Cuba Tourist Card required[49] 30 days
 Cyprus Visa not required[50] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Czech Republic Visa not required[51] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Denmark Visa not required[52] 90 days
 Djibouti eVisa[53] 31 days
 Dominica Visa not required[54] 6 months
 Dominican Republic Visa not required[55]
 Ecuador Visa not required[56] 90 days
 Egypt Visa on arrival[57] 15 days
 El Salvador Visa not required[58] 3 months
 Equatorial Guinea Visa required[59]
 Eritrea Visa required[60]
 Estonia Visa not required[61] 90 days
 Eswatini Visa not required[62] 30 days
 Ethiopia eVisa[63] up to 90 days
 Fiji Visa not required[64] 4 months
 Finland Visa not required[65] 90 days
 France Visa not required[66] 90 days
 Gabon eVisa[67]
  • Electronic visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport.
 Gambia Visa not required[68] 90 days
 Georgia Visa not required[69] 1 year
 Germany Visa not required[70] 90 days
 Ghana Visa required[71]
 Greece Visa not required[72] 90 days
 Grenada Visa not required[73] 3 months
 Guatemala Visa not required[74] 90 days
 Guinea eVisa[75]
 Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[76] 90 days
 Guyana Visa required[77]
 Haiti Visa not required[78] 3 months
 Honduras Visa not required[79]
 Hungary Visa not required[80] 90 days
 Iceland Visa not required[81] 90 days
 India e-Visa[82] 60 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 1] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 2][83]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa can only be obtained twice in one calendar year.
 Indonesia Visa not required[84] 30 days
 Iran Visa on arrival[85] 30 days
 Iraq Visa required[86]
 Ireland Visa not required[87]
 Israel Visa required[88]
 Italy Visa not required[89] 90 days
 Jamaica Visa not required[90] 180 days
 Japan Visa not required[91] 15 days
 Jordan Visa on arrival[92]
 Kazakhstan Visa required[93]
 Kenya Visa not required[94] 30 days
 Kiribati Visa not required[95] 30 days
 North Korea Visa required[96]
 South Korea Visa not required[97] 30 days
 Kuwait eVisa / Visa on arrival[98] 3 months
 Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[99] 60 days
 Laos Visa not required[100] 14 days
 Latvia Visa not required[101] 90 days
 Lebanon Visa required[102]
 Lesotho Visa not required[103] 90 days
 Liberia Visa required[104]
 Libya Visa required[105]
 Liechtenstein Visa not required[106] 90 days
 Lithuania Visa not required[107] 90 days
 Luxembourg Visa not required[108] 90 days
 Madagascar eVisa / Visa on arrival[109] 90 days
 Malawi eVisa / Visa on arrival[110] 30 days
  • Can extend for a total of 90 days.
 Malaysia Visa not required[111] 30 days
 Maldives Free visa on arrival[112] 15 days
 Mali Visa required[113]
 Malta Visa not required[114] 90 days
 Marshall Islands Visa on arrival[115] 90 days
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[116]
 Mauritius Visa not required[117] 90 days
 Mexico Visa required[118]
 Micronesia Visa not required[119] 30 days
 Moldova Visa not required[120] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Monaco Visa not required[121]
 Mongolia Visa required[122]
 Montenegro Visa not required[123] 90 days
 Morocco Visa required[124]
 Mozambique Visa on arrival[125] 30 days
 Myanmar Visa not required[126] 14 days
 Namibia Visa required[127]
 Nauru Visa required[128]
   Nepal Visa on arrival[129] 90 days
 Netherlands Visa not required[130] 90 days
 New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority[131] 3 months
  • International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be obtained alongside Electronic Travel Authority.[132]
 Nicaragua Visa not required[133] 90 days
 Niger Visa required[134]
 Nigeria Visa required[135]
  • Holders of written e-visa approval issued by Immigration Authority Headquarters in Abuja, can obtain a visa on arrival.
 North Macedonia Visa not required[136] 90 days
 Norway Visa not required[137] 90 days
 Oman eVisa[138] 30 days
  • Issued free of charge.
 Pakistan Electronic Travel Authorization[139]
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for tourism purposes.[140]
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[141]
  • Online Visa eligible.[142]
 Palau Free visa on arrival[143] 30 days
 Panama Visa not required[144] 180 days
 Papua New Guinea eVisa / Free visa on arrival[145] 60 days
 Paraguay Visa required[146]
 Peru Visa not required[147] 183 days
 Philippines Visa not required[148] 30 days
 Poland Visa not required[149] 90 days
 Portugal Visa not required[150] 90 days
 Qatar Visa not required[151] 30 days
 Romania Visa not required[152] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Russia Visa not required[153] 14 days
  • For a maximum total stay of 90 days within any 180 day period[154]
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[155] 30 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[156] 3 months
 Saint Lucia Visa not required[157] 6 weeks
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[158] 1 month
 Samoa Visa not required[159] 60 days
 San Marino Visa not required[160]
 São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa[161]
 Saudi Arabia eVisa / Visa on arrival[162][163] 90 days
 Senegal Visa on arrival[164] 90 days
 Serbia Visa required[165]
 Seychelles Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[166] 3 months
 Sierra Leone Visa on arrival[167]
 Singapore Visa not required[168] 30 days
 Slovakia Visa not required[169] 90 days
 Slovenia Visa not required[170] 90 days
 Solomon Islands Free Visitor's permit on arrival[171] 3 months
 Somalia Visa on arrival[172] 30 days
 South Africa Visa required[173]
 South Sudan Visa required[174]
 Spain Visa not required[175] 90 days
 Sri Lanka eVisa / Visa on arrival[176] 30 days
 Sudan Visa required[177]
 Suriname eVisa[178]
 Sweden Visa not required[179] 90 days
  Switzerland Visa not required[180] 90 days
 Syria Visa required[181]
 Tajikistan eVisa[182] 45 days [183]
 Tanzania Visa on arrival[184] 1 month
 Thailand Visa not required[185] 30 days
  • Maximum two visits annually if not arriving by air.
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[186] 30 days
 Togo Visa on arrival[187] 7 days
 Tonga Free visa on arrival[188] 31 days
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[189]
 Tunisia Visa not required[190] 3 months
 Turkey Visa not required[191] 30 days
 Turkmenistan Visa required[192]
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[193] 1 month
 Uganda eVisa / Visa on arrival[194]
 Ukraine Visa not required[196] 30 days
  • 30 days within any 60 day period
 United Arab Emirates Free visa on arrival[197] 30 days
 United Kingdom Visa not required[198] 6 months
 United States Visa Waiver Program[199] 90 days
 Uruguay Visa required[201]
 Uzbekistan Visa not required[202] 30 days
 Vanuatu Visa not required[203] 30 days
  Vatican City Visa not required[204]
 Venezuela Visa required[205]
 Vietnam Visa not required[206] 14 days
  • A single entry eVisa valid for 30 days is also available.[207]
 Yemen Visa on arrival[208] 1 month
 Zambia eVisa / Visa on arrival[209] 90 days
 Zimbabwe eVisa / Visa on arrival[210] 3 months

Territories

Visa requirements for Bruneian citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Europe
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 Abkhazia Visa required[211]
Mount Athos Special permit required Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[212][213]
Crimea Visa not required Visa policy of Russia applies.[214]
 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Visa not required 3 months[215][216]
UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus Access Permit required[217] Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
 Faroe Islands Visa not required[218]
 Gibraltar Visa not required[219]
 Guernsey Visa not required[220]
 Isle of Man Visa not required[221]
Jan Mayen Permit required Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[222] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[223]
 Jersey Visa not required[224]
 Kosovo Visa not required 90 days[225]
 Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Visa required[226][227] Travellers with Nagorno-Karabakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[228]
 Russia Special authorization required Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[229]
 South Ossetia Visa not required Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[230][231]
 Transnistria Visa not required Registration required after 24h.[232][233]
Africa
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required Special permit required.[234]
 Eritrea outside Asmara Travel permit required To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[235]
 Mayotte Visa not required[236]
 Réunion Visa not required[236]
 Ascension Island eVisa[237][238]
  • 3 months within any year period
 Saint Helena Visitor's Pass required Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[239]
 Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[240]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
 Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[241][242]
 Sudan Travel permit required All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Darfur Travel permit required Separate travel permit is required.[243]
Asia
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 Hong Kong Visa not required 3 months[244]
 India PAP/RAP PAP/RAP required Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[245][246][247][248][249][250]
 Kazakhstan Special permission required Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[251]
Kish Island Visa not required Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[252]
 Macao Visa not required 14 days[253]
Maldives Permission required With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[254]
 North Korea outside Pyongyang Special permit required People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
 Palestine Visa not required[255] Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[256]
 Taiwan Visa not required[257] 14 days (valid until 31 July 2020)
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province OIVR permit required OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[258][259][260]
Tibet Autonomous Region TTP required Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[261][262][263]
 Turkmenistan Special permit required A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[264]
Korean Demilitarized Zone Restricted zone.
UNDOF Zone and Ghajar Restricted zone.
 Yemen Special permission required Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[265]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)f
 Anguilla Visa not required 3 months[266]
 Aruba Visa not required 90 days[267][268]
 Bermuda Visa not required 90 days.[269]
Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba Visa not required 90 days[270][271]
 British Virgin Islands Visa not required 30 days, extensions possible[272]
San Andrés and Leticia Tourist Card on arrival Visitors arriving at Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport and Alfredo Vásquez Cobo International Airport must buy tourist cards on arrival.[273]
 Cayman Islands Visa not required 60 days[274]
 Curacao Visa not required 3 months[275]
French West Indies Visa not required 90 days. French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy.[276]
 Greenland Visa not required[218]
Margarita Island Visa required All visitors are fingerprinted.[277]
 Montserrat Visa not required 6 months[278][279]
 Puerto Rico Electronic Authorization[280]
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa not required[236]
 Sint Maarten Visa not required 90 days[281][282]
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa required[283]
 U.S. Virgin Islands Electronic Authorization[284]
South America
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
French Guiana Visa not required[285]
Galápagos Pre-registration required Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[286]
Oceania
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 American Samoa Electronic authorization[287] 30 days
Ashmore and Cartier Islands Special authorisation required Special authorisation required.[288]
Clipperton Island Special permit required Special permit required.[289]
 Cook Islands Visa not required 31 days[290]
Lau Province Special permission required Special permission required.[291]
 French Polynesia Visa not required[292] 90 days
 Guam Visa not required[293] 45 days
 New Caledonia Visa not required[236] 90 days
 Niue Visa not required 30 days[294]
 Northern Mariana Islands Visa not required[295] 45 days
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days visa free and landing fee USD35 or tax of USD5 if not going ashore.[296][297][298]
United States Minor Outlying Islands Special permits required Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[299][300][301][302][303][304][305]
 Wallis and Futuna Visa not required[236] 90 days
South Atlantic and Antarctica
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 Falkland Islands Visa required British Overseas Territory visa is required.[306]
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[307][308]
Antarctica Special permits required for  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.[309][310][311][312][313][314][315][316][317][318][319][320]

APEC Business Travel Card
  Full members of the scheme
  Transitional members (United States, Canada)

Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:[321]

1 – up to 90 days
2 – up to 60 days
3 – up to 59 days

The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:[322]

  • no need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by  Canada and  United States)
  • undertake legitimate business in participating economies
  • expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members
  • expedited scheduling of visa interview (United States)

Non-visa restrictions

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[323] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being available.

Vaccination
An International Certificate of Vaccination required to prove that someone has been vaccinated against yellow fever
Main article: Carte Jaune

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[324]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently.[325]

Passport validity length

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[326] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[327] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[328]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, Honduras, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova, and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland) together with Switzerland and the United Kingdom also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, and South Africa.

Other countries require either a passport valid on arrival or a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay. Some countries have bilateral agreements with other countries to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[329][330] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[331]

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[332] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning their entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.

Israeli stamps
Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[333] Lebanon,[334] Libya,[335] Sudan,[336] Syria,[337] and Yemen[338] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel. Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when travelling into and out of Gaza. Also, passports are still stamped (as of 22 June 2017) at the Jordan Valley/Sheikh Hussein and Yitzhak Rabin/Arava land borders with Jordan.

The Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage claims that having an Israeli stamp does not disqualify someone from visiting Saudi Arabia.[339]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Armenian ethnicity
Main article: Armenia–Azerbaijan relations

Due to a state of war existing between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the government of Azerbaijan not only bars entry of Armenian citizens, but also all citizens and nationals of any other country who are of Armenian descent, into the Republic of Azerbaijan.[340][341]

Azerbaijan also strictly bans any visit by foreign citizens to the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[342] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding territories, and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı, and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under the control of Armenia, without the prior consent of the government of Azerbaijan. Foreign citizens who enter these territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[343] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[344] As of 2 September 2019, the list mentioned 852 people.

Upon request, the authorities of the largely unrecognised Republic of Artsakh may attach their visa and/or stamps to a separate piece of paper in order to avoid detection of travel to their territory.

Biometrics
See also: Countries applying biometrics
A fingerprint scanner at Dulles International Airport collects biometric data on visitors, which can be used for confirming identities.

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to quickly change planes rather than go landside.[345]

Fingerprinting countries include Afghanistan,[346][347] Argentina,[348] Brunei, Cambodia,[349] China,[350] Ethiopia,[351] Ghana, Guinea,[352] India, Japan,[353][354] Kenya (fingerprints and photo),[355] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[356] Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[357] Singapore, South Korea,[358] Taiwan, Thailand,[359] Uganda[360] and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its legislature),[361] [362] [363] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[364]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[365] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[366][367]

See also

References and Notes
References
  1. "Global Ranking - Passport Index 2019" (PDF). Henley & Partners. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  2. Visa information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
  3. Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
  4. Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
  5. Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
  6. Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
  7. Countries exempt from visa, Department of Immigration of Antigua and Barbuda.
  8. Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina (in Spanish).
  9. Visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
  10. e-Visa - Republic of Armenia Electronic Visa System
  11. Visitor visa options, Department of Home Affairs of Australia.
  12. Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
  13. Countries with visa-free travel regime, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan (in Azerbaijani).
  14. Electronic Visa System of Azerbaijan Republic
  15. Visa requirements for foreigners travelling to the Bahamas, Government of the Bahamas, 18 February 2014.
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  365. "ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  366. "Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport". Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
  367. "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn’t the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
Notes
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