Tiruchirappalli International Airport

Tiruchirappalli International Airport is an international airport serving Tiruchirappalli in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is located on National Highway 336, about 5 km (3.1 mi) south of the city centre .[4] It is the 31st busiest airport in India for passengers handled, 33rd busiest for total aircraft movement.It is the third-largest airport in Tamil Nadu in terms of total passenger traffic next to Chennai and Coimbatore . The airport is served by three Indian and four foreign carriers providing direct connectivity to 5 domestic and 7 international destinations.The airport covers an area of 998 acres. The airport is ISO 9001:2008 quality certified and was declared an international airport on 4 October 2012.[5][6]

Tiruchirappalli International Airport
Summary
Airport typePublic
OwnerMinistry of Civil Aviation
OperatorAirports Authority of India
ServesTiruchirappalli, Thanjavur, Kumbakonam, Pudukkottai, Nagapattinam, Karur, Ariyalur, Perambalur, Namakkal, Tiruvarur
LocationTiruchirappalli Urban, Tamil Nadu, India
Elevation AMSL88 m / 290 ft
Coordinates10°45′56″N 078°42′54″E
WebsiteAAI Tiruchirapalli
Map
TRZ
TRZ
TRZ
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
09/27 2,479.8 8,136 Asphalt
Statistics (April 2018 - March 2019)
Passenger movements1,578,831(11.30%)
Aircraft movements12,801(14.70%)
Cargo tonnage7,541 (5.70%)
Source: AAI[1][2][3]

History

This airport was established by the British during World War II and was primarily used by the British Airforce during the world wars. Warplanes were brought to the airport and taken to a workshop in Ponmalai, 2 km away for repair and maintenance. The airport was given permission for civilian operations after the war ended.

The first known history of flight landing at the airport dates back to 23 December 1936 when TATA Sons, Ltd. operated an Indo-Cylone special airmail service between Madras and Colombo via Trichinopoly carrying Christmas mails connecting their regular airmail service between Karachi and Madras via Bhuj, Ahmedabad, Bombay, Hyderabad. The Special "Goodwill Flight" was operated by Miles M4A Merlin aircraft registered as VT-AHC and piloted by H.D. Barucha, the return flight to Madras via Trichinopoly occurred the next day.[7] This flight was a precursor for the extension of their regular Karachi-Madras Airmail service till Colombo via Trichynopoly, which began operations on 28 February 1938.[8] There are evidences of Weekly Air Mail service in operation on the Bombay-Goa-Cannore-Trivandrum-Tirchinopoly route during early 1937 which later made connection to the Karachi-Colombo Air Mail service at Trichinopoly.[9]

When Ceylon government asked permission to operate flights between Colombo and Trichinopoly in 1947,[10] Indian government improved the aerodrome for full functioning and allowed flight operations to Colombo in 1948.[11] On 3 December 1948, Air Ceylon inaugurated a regular weekly commercial service between Colombo and Karachi, using a Dakota flight via Tiruchirappalli and Bombay.[12] During 1950 Air Ceylone operated dedicated daily flights from Colombo to Tiruchirappalli via Jaffna.[13] During 1952 Air India operated daily flights on Bombay-Madras-Tiruchirappalli-Colombo route,[14] which was later transferred to Indian airlines operated on Madras-Tiruchirapalli-Colombo route.

Beginning in the late 1950s Tiruchirapalli was connected by domestic service with Madras, Madurai, Cochin and Trivandrum by Indian Airlines at different routings during different periods of time. During 1990's Indian Airlines started connecting Trichy with Middle East cities like Kuwait and Sharjah, during the 2000s it also connected Ras-Al-Khaimah and Fujairah. Indian Airlines operated upuntill it was merged with Air India. Starting Late 2000 trichy was connected with South East Asia destinations like Kulalumbur and Singapore by foreign Carriers, also Air India Express started connecting Trichy with both Middle East and South East Asian destinations.

The Airport was categorised as Customs Airport until 4 October 2012, when it was given an International Airport status by the Ministry of Civil Aviation.[15][16]

Terminals

The airport has two adjacent terminals. The orignal passenger terminal has been converted into an international cargo complex housing the control tower and technical block, when a modern integrated passenger terminal was built by 2009 which is currently being used for both international and domestic air traffic. Due to growing passenger traffic a much bigger terminal is under construction on the southern part of the airport and expected to be opened at the end of 2021.

Integrated passenger terminal
Check In Counters
Waiting hall
Airport connecting hall

The active integrated passenger terminal built at cost of ₹80 crore (US$11 million) was inaugurated on 21 February 2009 and started operations from 1 June 2009.[17] The two-story terminal has a floor area of 11,777 m2 (126,770 sq ft) with handling capacity of 0.49 million passengers per annum and peak hour capacity of 470 passengers. Some of the features of the new terminal include:[18]

  • 12 check-in counters
  • 4 Custom counters (1 departure + 3 arrival)
  • 16 Immigration Counters (8 departure + 8 arrival)
  • 3 Conveyor belts (47 m (154 ft) each)
  • 1 Baggage assistance counter
  • 1 Health officer counter
  • 5 X-ray scanner for baggage (3 for registered baggage and 2 for hand baggage)[19]
  • 4 Security check units
  • 210 CISF strength
  • Total aircraft stands = 7
    • 3 for code D aircraft
    • 4 for code C aircraft
  • 3 Aero Bridges
  • Parking space for 300 vehicles

The new terminal has two lounges, VIP lounge managed by AAI and commercial important persons (CIP) lounge also managed by AAI.

Cargo terminal

The old terminal was converted into an international cargo complex at a cost of Rupees 10 million.[20] The 4,000 m2 (43,000 sq ft) cargo complex was commissioned for operations on 21 November 2011. Out of which Export wing occupies 2,193 m2 (23,610 sq ft) and 1,750 m2 (18,800 sq ft) for Import wing [21]. The Central Board of Excise and Customs had earlier approved and notified the airport as an air cargo complex.[22] The one-time holding capacity of the cargo terminal is 250 metric tonnes[23] The airport is the gateway for foreign export as there is no easy way for export from the central region of Tamil Nadu.[24]

On 12 July 2013 the ministry of finance has notified Trichy international airport for international courier cargo movement. But the facilities for the same are yet to be set up by AAI.[25]

On 11 October 2013, a five-metric ton capacity cold storage facility was inaugurated at the cargo section. This facility will be helpful during flight delay, flight cancellation, advance booking and holiday bookings of cargo.[26]

On 21 April 2017, a dedicated Import Cargo facility has been created on 190 m2 (2,000 sq ft) at a cost of ₹20 lakh (US$28,000) to encourage more imports through the airport. At present the imports are very minimal as compared with the exports.

On 1 July 2017, EDI facility has been introduced at the Cargo Terminal. With this facility speedy and electronic clearance of Freight is assured eliminating the manual process, making the export process more simple. This is expected to pave way for additional commodities being exported from the airport.[27]

Airside Infrastructure

Runway
Runways at Tiruchirapalli Airport
Runway Number Length Width Strength (PCN) ILS[28]
09/27 2,427 m (7,963 ft) 45 m (148 ft) 68/F/A/W/T NIL / CAT I
15/33 (Closed) 1,456 m (4,777 ft) 45 m (148 ft) 15/F/B/W/T NIL / NIL

Airport's older runway 15/33 was closed as part of early development and now used as an alternate taxiway to the apron. Re-carpeting work on the active runway 09/27 after 10 years life began on the first week of February 2020 at a cost of ₹20.00 crore (US$2.8 million). [29]

Apron and Taxiway
Parking Bays at Tiruchirapalli Airport[28]
Stand Numbers PCN Aircraft Remarks
1,2,3,4 70/R/C/W/T B739/A321 Or Below Concrete Surface
5,6,7 84/R/B/W/T B767-200 Or Below Concrete Surface with Aerobridges
8,9 Under Construction[29]

There are four taxiways in the airport designated as A,B,C,D. A Parallel taxiway and an Isolation bay to the active runway is under construction.[30]

Air Traffic Control

Currently the Air Traffic Control is handled from the Old Terminal Building. AAI along with the new terminal project has proposed to construct a new Technical Block cum Air Tracffic Control Tower at the Airport.[31] The initial proposal was to construct a 42.5 meters tall tower, which is now under proposal to be increased to 75 meters height.[32] The new ATC tower will provide complete view of the runways and a 360-degree view of the airport.

Madras Flying Club

Madras Flying Club started during 1929 in Madras Presidency of British India, operated previously in Chennai Airport premises had to shift their operations to Trichy Airport due to congestion and operational difficulties.[33][34] The Academy began its operations at Trichy Airport on 10 January 2020 where they have placed 6 training aircraft at the hangar, which previously been used by V.K.N Aviation Academy. They also have created three computer-aided smart classrooms facility in the airport. Tamil Nadu government has allocated two acres of its land adjoining to the airport for the club to setup its operational Infrastructure.[35]

Airlines and destinations
AirlinesDestinations
AirAsia Kuala Lumpur–International
Air India Express Abu Dhabi[36], Delhi, Doha,[36] Dubai–International, Madurai, Sharjah, Singapore
Alliance Air Chennai, Madurai
IndiGo Bangalore $, Chennai $, Hyderabad, Singapore
Malindo Air Kuala Lumpur–International
Scoot Singapore
SriLankan Airlines Colombo–Bandaranaike

$ Routes in operation as on March 25, 2020 when restricted domestic operations began in India after COVID-19 lockdown.

Expansion

Tiruchirapalli Airport has been undergoing expansion since 2004. The runway was extended from 1,829 m (6,000 ft) to 2,480 m (8,136 ft), apron expanded to hold 7 aircraft, fire station upgraded, a new taxiway and integrated passenger terminal were constructed.

The proposed Phase 2 expansion on 210 hectares (510 acres) by AAI includes extending the runway to 3,810 m (12,500 ft), construction of a modern air traffic control (ATC) tower, additional building complex and other works.[37] The state government has agreed to provide land free to AAI for the expansion.

Trichy is one of the non-metro airports selected for ₹200 crore (US$28 million) city side development on public-private partnership model.[38]

New integrated passenger terminal

Due to the consistent increase in the air traffic, the integrated passenger terminal building with a total floor area of 11,777 m2 (126,770 sq ft) to handle 470 peak-hour passengers has become insufficient. Initially it was planned to expand the existing integrated terminal by 180 meters on both sides, by constructing an additional 17,920 m2 (192,900 sq ft) area to increase the passenger handling capacity to 1075 peak-hour passengers,[39] but later the Ministry of Civil Aviation initiated the construction of a new two-level passenger terminal at the cost of ₹897 crore (US$130 million).

The new terminal building is of size 75,000 m2 (810,000 sq ft), with capacity to handle 3.43 million passengers per year with a peak-hour handling capacity of 2,200 international and 500 domestic passengers. It will be constructed as per GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) Four Star standards. The terminal is to be constructed on the existing airport land available on the south side, for which a new four-lane elevated access road is to be created from the National Highways passing besides the airport.[40][41] AAI has engaged a French company, EGIS, in partnership with the English architects Pascall+Watson, as the project managers has completed the design and plan for construction by March 2018.[42] The tender for construction has been awarded to ITD Cementation India Pvt Ltd by August 2018, the construction works are expected to begin by November 2018 and last till September 2021.[43]

This project includes the following

  • Two-level integrated terminal building
  • Parking for 750 automobiles, 250 taxis, and 10 buses
  • New air traffic control tower and technical block
  • New apron to accommodate 5 MARS Stands (5 E Code or 10 C Code aircraft)
  • Upgrade of fire station to Category 10
  • Expansion of cargo terminal
  • Airport systems
  • City-side development
  • Rehabilitation of AAI residential colony and CISF accommodation, consisting of 118 units

The cost of the project is estimated at ₹951 crore (US$130 million)[44]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone for the new integrated passenger terminal at Tiruchi International Airport through video conferencing from Tiruppur on 10 February 2019.[45]

Runway extension

As part of phase 2 expansion the runway is planned to be extended to 3,200 m (10,500 ft) initially from the existing 2,480 m (8,136 ft) and later to 3,800 m (12,500 ft). AAI has sought land to the state government and once land sought for the expansion is available the extension would take place. The district administration has expressed its willingness to pay the market price for the land to be acquired. But the extension of the runway is pending for a long time due to delays in acquiring Land.

The AAI has sought around 510 acres of land for the current expansion. Of the total about 188 acres are dry land, 116 acres wetland, 164.68 acres defense land, 40.59 acres wasteland and 5.80 is with Hindu religious and Charitable Trust. To facilitate fast process on airport expansion on a joint technical advisory committee involving the departments of agriculture, public works department and revenue had been formed during 2012, which is chaired by Member of Trichy Parliamentary Constituency. Until 2019 P.Kumar chaired the meetings and currently its being chaired by Su. Thirunavukkarasar. The district administration has formed a special team comprising the airport director, revenue divisional officer, joint director of agriculture, officials of Public Works Department, and other agencies concerned to expedite the land acquisition process.[46]

In the joint advisory committee meeting on June 17, 2017 it was announced that the State government has given administrative sanction for acquisition of land required for the proposed expansion of the runway. The State government has provided administrative sanction to acquire nearly 345.62 acres in May 2017, including dry and wet lands, besides 40 acres of poromboke land. It has been decided to form a team to work on the exercise of land acquisition and payment of compensation.[47] During December 2017 The Deputy Director General Defence Estates has provided in principle approval for providing 337.7 acres of land to the AAI in lieu of land of “equal value” from the State government. The District Administration is also in process of acquiring residential buildings. With this the airport expansion has gained momentum.[48]

Apron expansion

AAI has gone for the extension of the existing apron with construction of third Aero Bridge and ramp equipment area measuring 2,800 sq.m. at an estimated cost of ₹2.25 crore (US$320,000), which has become active in January 2019.[49][30] Ministry of Civil Aviation initiated plan to expand the apron to provide two more aircraft bays, increasing the bay count to nine.[39] Work on additional bays was started in February 2020 at an estimated cost of ₹1.00 crore (US$140,000).[29]

In addition to this as part of new terminal construction additional apron is being constructed of 15,580 sq.m size for parking up to 10 code C aircraft type along with One Isolation Bay and GSE area including Taxi tracks, tendered during November 2017 and work started by August 2018.[50]

Connectivity

Located on the Pudukottai-Trichy National Highway 336 the airport is well connected with frequent City buses to the Central Bus Stand and Chatram Bus Stand, major bus terminals of the city. In addition to this exclusive buses were introduced to originate inside the airport premise destined to Karur, Thanjavur and Central Bus Stand.[51]

Maintenance facilities
  • Air Works has line maintenance facility[52] to conduct transit checks on Airbus A320 type aircraft, which is the second one opened by them next to their Bangalore facility. It was opened on behalf of Singapore-based Scoot for its aircraft maintenance.[53]
  • The low-cost carrier Air India Express has an engineering stores complex for service and repairs of its aircraft. It would help quick turn around. Repair works could be carried out here. Initially four licensed engineers and eight technicians are posted to meet the service and repair requirements of the aircraft. The stores would have adequate spares and equipment.[54]

Accidents and incidents
  • On December 21, 1949, Air Ceylone flight from Colombo Ratanmala to Trichinopoly via Jaffna Kankesanturai operated by Douglas DC-3 Dakota aircraft named "Sunethra Devi" and registered as VP-CAT crash landed at Trichinopoly Aerodrome. The accident was caused by engine trouble which was noticed after takeoff from Jaffna. There were no fatalities but all the three crew members along with one of the 21 passengers sustained injury. The aircraft was heavily damaged beyond any repair.[55][56]
  • On December 25, 1965, a non scheduled Douglas DC-3 aircraft registered as VT-DUC met with an accident while landing at the airport due to pilot error, aircraft had substantial damage with injuries to one passenger and two crew members.[57]
  • On May 29, 1980, Indian Airlines flight IC529 a Boeing 737-2 aircraft regisered as VT-EGD was operating on Chennai-Trichirappalli flight with 122 passengers and 6 crew members. During the landing the commander was not able to align the aircraft properly so requested and started performing go-around, during which the left wing came into contact with the runway, after which the flight returned back to Chennai and landed safely with substantial damage to the plane which was rectified.[58]
  • On October 11, 2018, Air India Express flight IX611 to Dubai operated by Boeing 737-8 registed as VT-AYD hit the ILS system and boundary wall while taking off at 1:18 AM. The flight proceeded further into Arabian Sea as all the systems were working fine, when the pilots learned about the damage from the airport authority the plane was diverted to Mumbai and landed safely at 5:38 AM, with no one sustaining any injuries. The fuselage had considerable tears and cracks.[59][60][61]

Naming the airport

In 2012, a request was made to name the airport after Sir C. V. Raman, a Nobel laureate from the city.[62] After the death of the former President of India A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, there have been requests made to rename the airport as "Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam International Airport".[63]

References
  1. "Traffic Statistics-2018" (PDF). AAI. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  2. "Aircraft Movements-2018" (PDF). AAI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2018. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  3. "Cargo Statistics-2018" (PDF). AAI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2018. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  4. "Tiruchirapalli Airport at the Airports Authority of India". Archived from the original on 31 May 2011. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
  5. "ISO Certification of Airports Under Various Standards" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2010. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
  6. Our Bureau (7 June 2012). "PM gives infrastructure boost to sagging economy — Business Line". Thehindubusinessline.com. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
  7. "First Air Mail for Colombo". The Indian Express. 25 December 1936. Retrieved 1 January 2018 – via Google News.
  8. https://www.indianairmails.com/1936---madras-to-colombo-via-trichinopoly.html
  9. https://www.indianairmails.com/1938---trichinopoly---trivandrum-extension.html
  10. "Colombo-Trichy Air Service". The Indian Express. 3 November 1947. Retrieved 1 January 2018 – via Google News.
  11. "Civil Aviation in Madras". The Indian Express. 5 February 1948. Retrieved 1 January 2018 – via Google News.
  12. "Kolombo-Karachi Air Service". The Indian Express. 27 November 1948. Retrieved 1 January 2018 – via Google News.
  13. http://timetableimages.com/ttimages/ae/ae50/ae50-14.jpg
  14. http://timetableimages.com/ttimages/ai/ai52/ai52-2.jpg
  15. "Press Information Bureau English Releases". Pib.nic.in. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
  16. "Cabinet grants intl airport status to five airports". DNA. PTI. 4 October 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  17. "Trichy Airport new terminal inauguration". The Hindu. 18 February 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  18. "Trichy Airport new terminal". Equity Bulls. 22 February 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  19. "Airports Authority of India". AAI. 1 January 2013. Archived from the original on 20 June 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
  20. "Trichy's int'l air cargo terminal opens at Trichy airport". Times Of India. TNN. 22 November 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  21. "Cargo complex commissioned". The Hindu. 22 November 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  22. S. Ganesan (23 January 2011). "Air cargo complex at Tiruchi Airport soon". The Hindu. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  23. Dennis Selvan (8 June 2012). "With new international tag, Trichy airport hopes to go for a makeover". Times Of India. TNN. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  24. S. Ganesan (22 April 2011). "Air cargo complex in Tiruchi to start functioning from August 15". The Hindu. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  25. Dennis Selvan (14 July 2013). "Trichy airport notified for courier cargo". The Times of India. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  26. Dennis Selvan (10 October 2013). "Defence ministry likely to transfer land for Trichy airport runway expansion". Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  27. R Rajaram (15 June 2017). "Infrastructure ready for EDI facility at airport". The Hindu. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  28. "eAIP" (PDF). AAI. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
  29. Jan 24, D. Vincent Arockiaraj. "Runway re-carpeting, work on bays at Trichy international airport to begin in February | Trichy News - Times of India". The Times of India.
  30. https://aim-india.aai.aero/sites/default/files/notam_files/Chennai_A_2019_01.pdf
  31. "New ATC tower poised for take off as AAI grants NOC". The Hindu. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  32. "AAI advocates 75 metre height for Air Traffic Control Tower". The Hindu. 30 May 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  33. "Contact – Madras Flying Club". Themadrasflyingclub.org. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  34. "Madras Flying Club to be shifted to city". Trichy News. 3 December 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  35. Rajaram, R. (14 January 2020). "Madras Flying Club all set to take off from Tiruchi". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  36. "Air India Express expands Tiruchirapalli network in S20". Airlineroute. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
  37. S.Ganesan (15 September 2010). "Phase 2 expansion works". The Hindu. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  38. "Trichy Airport shines in India's airport development". Project Monitor. 8 April 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  39. "Government Firm on Airports Development". Press Information Bureau. 11 February 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  40. Rajaram, R. (24 August 2018). "Tiruchi airport's new terminal takes shape".
  41. http://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/modification/Amendment/Attach_file/09112016OJ6US4JBAnnexure-Form-1PFR.pdf
  42. "New passenger terminal building for airport". The Hindu. 8 July 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  43. "New airport terminal to be ready by 2021 - Times of India".
  44. "Airports Authority of India" (PDF). AAI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  45. Tiruchirapalli (11 February 2019). "PM lays foundation stone for integrated passenger terminal". The Hindu. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  46. "Committee formed for runway expansion at Trichy airport". Times of India. 22 January 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  47. R Rajaram (10 May 2017). "Airport runway expansion project set to take off". The Hindu. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  48. "Land acquisition process gathers momentum". The Hindu. 3 December 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  49. "Airports Authority of India". AAI. archive.is. 20 April 2010. Archived from the original on 15 December 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2018.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  50. "NOTICE INVITING e-TENDER (3 BOT - 3 Envelope Open Tender) (Tender Ref No: AAI/TRY/ENGG(C)/OPL SURVEY/17-18, Tender ID No.2017_AAI_4144_1)" (PDF). 11 September 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  51. "Direct bus services from airport to Central bus stand". The Hindu. 22 September 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  52. "Air Works India Engineering Pvt. Ltd. Inaugurates its Line Maintenance facility at Trichy International Airport" (Press release). airworks.in. 4 January 2014. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
  53. "Line maintenance services for the aircraft". 25 April 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  54. S.Ganesan (16 December 2010). "Air India maintenance". The Hindu. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  55. https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19491221-0
  56. Roger Thiedeman (19 December 1999). "Air Ceylon Dakota "Sunethra Devi"". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  57. https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19671225-1
  58. https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19860115-1
  59. https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20181012-0
  60. "Damaged Air India Plane Flew For 3 Hours, Clueless Pilot Asked To Divert". NDTV.com. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
  61. "Air India Express plane hits Trichy airport compound wall, lands safely in Mumbai". The Times of India. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
  62. "'Name airport after C.V. Raman' - TAMIL NADU". The Hindu. 19 November 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  63. "Kalam nostalgia spurs book sales, biopic, online pleas". The Times Of India. 1 August 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2018.

Media related to Tiruchirappalli International Airport at Wikimedia Commons

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.