Demographics of Rwanda
This article is about the demographic features of the population of Rwanda, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Rwanda's population density, even after the 1994 genocide, is among the highest in Sub-Saharan Africa at 230 inhabitants per square kilometre (600/sq mi). This country has few villages, and nearly every family lives in a self-contained compound on a hillside. The urban concentrations are grouped around administrative centers.
Over half of the adult population is literate, but no more than 5% have received secondary education.
Ethnic groups
The indigenous population consists of three ethnic groups. The Hutus, who comprise the majority of the population (85%), are farmers of Bantu origin. The Tutsis (14% before the Genocide, probably less than 10% now) are a pastoral people who arrived in the area in the 15th century. Until 1959, they formed the dominant caste under a feudal system based on cattleholding.
The Twa (pygmies) (1%) are thought to be the remnants of the earliest settlers of the region.
Population
In 1950, Rwanda had a very narrow population pyramid, with less than 250,000 males and females between 0-10 years old. The graph only gets narrower as it goes up with virtually no-one living past 50 years of age. In 2017, we see the population of Rwanda increase dramatically from 1950 with about 750,000 people between 0-20 years old, the graph remains very narrow in the older ages section but has improved from 1950. By 2050, it is predicted that more people will be living longer and the structure will broaden overall. By 2100, it is predicted that there will be more people aged between 30-60 than between 0-20 as previous years have shown.[1]
According to the 2017 revision of the World Population Prospects[2] the total population was 11,917,508 in 2016, compared to only 2,072,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 42.6%, 54.7% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.7% was 65 years or older .[3]
| Total population (in thousands) | Population aged 0–14 (%) | Population aged 15–64 (%) | Population aged 65+ (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 2,072 | 45.1 | 52.3 | 2.6 |
| 1955 | 2,386 | 46.3 | 50.8 | 2.9 |
| 1960 | 2,771 | 48.1 | 49.1 | 2.8 |
| 1965 | 3,221 | 47.8 | 49.5 | 2.7 |
| 1970 | 3,749 | 47.8 | 49.7 | 2.5 |
| 1975 | 4,390 | 47.7 | 49.9 | 2.4 |
| 1980 | 5,179 | 48.1 | 49.7 | 2.2 |
| 1985 | 6,081 | 48.9 | 49.1 | 2.0 |
| 1990 | 7,110 | 49.1 | 48.7 | 2.2 |
| 1995 | 5,570 | 48.4 | 49.3 | 2.3 |
| 2000 | 8,098 | 45.4 | 52.0 | 2.6 |
| 2005 | 9,202 | 42.4 | 55.0 | 2.7 |
| 2010 | 10,624 | 42.6 | 54.7 | 2.7 |
| 2012 | 10,516 | 41.16 | 55.65 | 3.19 |
Structure of the population [4]
Structure of the population (1 July 2012 estimates, data refer to national projections):
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 5,342,112 | 5,691,029 | 11,033,141 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 973,447 | 957,104 | 1,930,551 | 17.50 |
| 5–9 | 770,292 | 763,709 | 1,534,001 | 13.90 |
| 10–14 | 608,836 | 621,378 | 1,230,213 | 11.15 |
| 15–19 | 552,629 | 568,101 | 1,120,730 | 10.16 |
| 20–24 | 525,485 | 550,486 | 1,075,971 | 9.75 |
| 25–29 | 508,839 | 540,872 | 1,049,712 | 9.51 |
| 30–34 | 366,700 | 416,072 | 782,772 | 7.09 |
| 35–39 | 241,362 | 291,340 | 532,702 | 4.83 |
| 40–44 | 197,005 | 228,728 | 425,733 | 3.86 |
| 45–49 | 165,096 | 193,402 | 358,499 | 3.25 |
| 50–54 | 153,080 | 180,759 | 333,839 | 3.03 |
| 55–59 | 107,200 | 132,234 | 239,433 | 2.17 |
| 60–64 | 71,924 | 92,299 | 164,223 | 1.49 |
| 65–69 | 38,125 | 58,585 | 96,710 | 0.88 |
| 70–74 | 29,285 | 46,236 | 75,521 | 0.68 |
| 75–79 | 17,736 | 27,557 | 45,293 | 0.41 |
| 80+ | 15,071 | 22,178 | 37,239 | 0.34 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–14 | 2,352,575 | 2,342,191 | 4,694,766 | 42.55 |
| 15–64 | 2,889,320 | 3,194,282 | 6,083,602 | 55.14 |
| 65+ | 100,217 | 154,556 | 254,773 | 2.31 |
Structure of the population (DHS 2013; males 9,546, females 10,726, total 20,272):
| Age Group | Male (%) | Female (%) | Total (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 16.2 | 14.5 | 15.3 |
| 5–9 | 15.2 | 13.5 | 14.3 |
| 10–14 | 14.0 | 12.6 | 13.3 |
| 15–19 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 10.1 |
| 20–24 | 8.2 | 9.0 | 8.6 |
| 25–29 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 |
| 30–34 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 7.3 |
| 35–39 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 4.7 |
| 40–44 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 4.0 |
| 45–49 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 3.3 |
| 50–54 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.3 |
| 55–59 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.2 |
| 60–64 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 1.9 |
| 65–69 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.3 |
| 70–74 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.9 |
| 75–79 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| 80+ | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| Age group | Male (%) | Female (%) | Total (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0–14 | 45.4 | 40.6 | 42.9 |
| 15–64 | 51.9 | 55.3 | 53.5 |
| 65+ | 2.7 | 4.1 | 3.6 |
Vital statistics
Registration of vital events is in Rwanda not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [3]
| Period | Live births per year | Deaths per year | Natural change per year | CBR* | CDR* | NC* | TFR* | IMR* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950–1955 | 118,000 | 55,000 | 63,000 | 52.9 | 24.7 | 28.1 | 8.00 | 160 |
| 1955–1960 | 137,000 | 60,000 | 77,000 | 53.3 | 23.4 | 29.9 | 8.15 | 152 |
| 1960–1965 | 155,000 | 65,000 | 90,000 | 51.9 | 21.9 | 30.0 | 8.15 | 143 |
| 1965–1970 | 178,000 | 72,000 | 106,000 | 51.0 | 20.7 | 30.3 | 8.10 | 137 |
| 1970–1975 | 211,000 | 82,000 | 128,000 | 51.8 | 20.3 | 31.5 | 8.20 | 134 |
| 1975–1980 | 250,000 | 92,000 | 158,000 | 52.3 | 19.3 | 33.0 | 8.25 | 132 |
| 1980–1985 | 294,000 | 92,000 | 202,000 | 52.2 | 16.3 | 35.9 | 8.25 | 124 |
| 1985–1990 | 326,000 | 123,000 | 203,000 | 49.4 | 18.7 | 30.7 | 7.80 | 120 |
| 1990–1995 | 258,000 | 263,000 | −5,000 | 40.7 | 41.5 | −0.8 | 6.30 | 128 |
| 1995–2000 | 278,000 | 136,000 | 142,000 | 40.7 | 19.9 | 20.8 | 6.00 | 118 |
| 2000–2005 | 344,000 | 125,000 | 219,000 | 39.8 | 14.4 | 25.4 | 5.60 | 108 |
| 2005–2010 | 404,000 | 122,000 | 281,000 | 40.7 | 12.3 | 28.4 | 5.43 | 100 |
| * CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman) | ||||||||
Births and deaths [5]
| Year | Population | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase | Crude birth rate | Crude death rate | Rate of natural increase | TFR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | 404,067 | 139,499 | 264,568 | |||||
Fertility and Births
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[6]
| Year | CBR (Total) | TFR (Total) | CBR (Urban) | TFR (Urban) | CBR (Rural) | TFR (Rural) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | 40.0 | 6.23 (4.2) | 38.0 | 4.51 (3.3) | 41.0 | 6.33 (4.3) |
| 2000 | 5.8 (4.7) | 5.2 (4.1) | 5.9 (4.8) | |||
| 2005 | 43.2 | 6.1 (4.6) | 39.8 | 4.9 (3.6) | 43.8 | 6.3 (4.8) |
| 2007–08 | 39.2 | 5.5 (3.7) | 37.4 | 4.7 (3.3) | 39.6 | 5.7 (3.8) |
| 2010 | 34.4 | 4.6 (3.1) | 30.6 | 3.4 (2.6) | 35.0 | 4.8 (3.2) |
| 2014–15 | 32.6 | 4.2 (3.1) | 34.3 | 3.6 (2.7) | 32.3 | 4.3 (3.2) |
Fertility data as of 2014–15 (DHS Program):[7]
| Province | Total fertility rate | Percentage of women age 15–49 currently pregnant | Mean number of children ever born to women age 40–49 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kigali | 3.6 | 6.9 | 4.6 |
| South | 4.0 | 6.9 | 5.0 |
| West | 4.6 | 7.4 | 5.9 |
| North | 3.7 | 6.3 | 5.6 |
| East | 4.6 | 8.4 | 5.9 |
CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.
Population
11,901,484
note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS. This disease can result in lower life expectancy, population, and growth rates; higher infant mortality and death rates; and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2017 est.)
Population growth rate
2.45% (2017 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.70 male(s)/female
total population: 1.00 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 64.3 years
male: 62.3 years
female: 66.3 years (2017 est.)
Median age
- Total: 19 years
- Male: 18.3 years
- Female: 19.8 years (2017 est.)
Nationality
noun: Rwandan(s)/Rwandese
adjective: Rwandan/Rwandese
Ethnic groups[8]
Religions[8]
- Roman Catholic 49.5%
- Protestant 39.4% (includes Adventist 12.2% and other Protestant 27.2%)
- Other Christian 4.5%
- Islam 1.8%
- Animist 0.1%
- Other 0.6%
- None 3.6%
- Unspecified 0.5%
Languages[8]
Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 70.5%
male: 73.2%
female: 68% (2015 est.)
Education expenditure
- 3.5% of GDP (2016)
See also
References
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Demographics of Rwanda. |
- ↑ https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Graphs/DemographicProfiles/
- ↑ "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision". ESA.UN.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
- 1 2 Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived May 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics". Retrieved 6 September 2016.
- ↑ http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/vitstats/serATab3.pdf
- ↑ "MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys". Retrieved 6 September 2016.
- ↑ http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR316/FR316.pdf
- 1 2 3 "Africa :: RWANDA". CIA The World Factbook.
