List of tallest buildings
This list ranks skyscrapers by height. Only buildings with continuously occupiable floors are included, thus non-building structures, including towers, are not included. (See List of tallest buildings and structures.)
Ranking criteria and alternatives
The international non-profit organization Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) was formed in 1969 and announces the title of "The World's Tallest Building" and sets the standards by which buildings are measured. It maintains a list of the 100 tallest completed buildings in the world.[3] The organization currently ranks Burj Khalifa in Dubai as the tallest at 828 m (2,717 ft).[3] The CTBUH only recognizes buildings that are complete however, and some buildings included within the lists in this article are not considered finished by the CTBUH.
In 1996, as a response to the dispute as to whether the Petronas Towers or the Sears Tower was taller,[4] the council listed and ranked buildings in four categories:
- height to structural or architectural top;
- height to floor of highest occupied floor;
- height to top of roof (removed as category in November 2009);[5] and
- height to top of any part of the building.
Spires are considered integral parts of the architectural design of buildings, to which changes would substantially change the appearance and design of the building, whereas antennas may be added or removed without such consequences. The Petronas Towers, with their spires, are thus ranked higher than the Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower) with its antennas, despite the Petronas Towers' lower roofs and lower highest point.
Until 1996, the world's tallest building was defined by the height to the top of the tallest architectural element, including spires but not antennae. This led to a rivalry between the Bank of Manhattan Building and the Chrysler Building. The Bank of Manhattan Building employed only a short spire and was 282.5 m (927 ft) tall and had a much higher top occupied floor (the second category in the 1996 criteria for tallest building). In contrast, the Chrysler Building employed a very large 38.1 m (125 ft) spire secretly assembled inside the building to claim the title of world's tallest building with a total height of 318.9 m (1,046 ft), although it had a lower top occupied floor and a shorter height when both buildings' spires were excluded.
Upset by Chrysler's victory, Shreve & Lamb, the consulting architects of the Bank of Manhattan Building, wrote a newspaper article claiming that their building was actually the tallest, since it contained the world's highest usable floor. They pointed out that the observation deck in the Bank of Manhattan Building was nearly 30 m (100 ft) above the top floor in the Chrysler Building, whose surpassing spire was strictly ornamental and inaccessible.[6]
At present, the Burj Khalifa tops the list by some margin, regardless of which criterion is applied.[7][8]
Tallest buildings in the world (350 m+)
As of 2018, this list includes all 56 buildings (completed and architecturally topped out) which reach a height of 350 metres (1,148 ft) or more, as assessed by their highest architectural feature. Of these, 27 (48%) are in China. Six of the last seven buildings to have held the record as 'tallest building' are still found in the list, with the exception being the North Tower of the original World Trade Center after its destruction in the September 11 attacks of 2001. If the twin towers were still standing today they would occupy numbers 24 and 25 on the list (or 23 and 24 since it can be assumed the rebuilt One World Trade Center would have never been built).
| bold | Denotes building that is or was once the tallest in the world |
Gallery
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One World Trade Center in New York City, is the 6th tallest building and the tallest in the Western Hemisphere..jpg)
The Shanghai World Financial Center is the 11th tallest building.
The Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, were the tallest buildings from 1998 to 2004, and are still the tallest twin buildings.
Willis Tower, formerly Sears Tower, in Chicago, United States, was the tallest building from 1974 to 1998.
Alternative measurements
Height to pinnacle (highest point)
This measurement disregards distinctions between architectural and non-architectural extensions, and simply measures to the highest point. This measurement is useful for air traffic obstacle determinations, and is also a wholly objective measure. However, this measurement includes extensions that are easily added, removed, and modified from a building and are independent of the overall structure.
This measurement only recently came into use, when the Petronas Towers passed the Sears Tower (now called Willis Tower) in height. The former was considered taller because its spires were considered architectural, while the latter's antennae were not. This led to the split of definitions, with the Sears Tower claiming the lead in this and the height-to-roof (now highest occupied floor) categories, and with the Petronas claiming the lead in the architectural height category.
| bold | †Denotes building with pinnacle height higher than architectural |
Height to occupied floor
This height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest occupied floor within the building.
| Rank | Building | City | Country | Height | Floors | Built |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Burj Khalifa | Dubai |  | 584.5 m (1,918 ft) | 163 | 2010 |
| 2 | Shanghai Tower | Shanghai |  | 583.4 m (1,914 ft) | 128 | 2015 |
| 3 | Ping An Finance Center | Shenzhen | | 562.2 m (1,844 ft) | 115 | 2016 |
| 4 | China Zun | Beijing | | 515 m (1,690 ft) | 108 | 2018 |
| 5 | Lotte World Tower | Seoul |  | 497.6 m (1,633 ft) | 123 | 2016 |
| 6 | CTF Finance Centre | Guangzhou | | 495.5 m (1,626 ft) | 111 | 2016 |
| 7 | Abraj Al-Bait Towers | Mecca |  | 494.4 m (1,622 ft) | 120 | 2012 |
| 8 | Shanghai World Financial Center | Shanghai | | 474 m (1,555 ft) | 101 | 2008 |
| 9 | International Commerce Centre | Hong Kong | | 468.8 m (1,538 ft) | 118 | 2010 |
| 10 | Tianjin CTF Finance Centre | Tianjin | | 439.4 m (1,442 ft) | 98 | 2017 |
| 11 | Taipei 101 | Taipei |  | 438 m (1,437 ft) | 101 | 2004 |
| 12 | Changsha IFS Tower T1 | Changsha | | 437.1 m (1,434 ft) | 94 | 2017 |
| 13 | KK100 | Shenzhen | | 427.1 m (1,401 ft) | 100 | 2011 |
| 14 | Guangzhou International Finance Center | Guangzhou | | 415.1 m (1,362 ft) | 103 | 2010 |
| 15 | Willis Tower | Chicago |  | 412.7 m (1,354 ft) | 108 | 1974 |
| 16 | Suzhou IFS | Suzhou | | 406.4 m (1,333 ft) | 98 | 2017 |
Buildings under construction
This is a list of buildings taller than 350 metres that are currently under construction. More than half of the buildings are located in China.
| Building | Planned architectural height | Floors | Planned completion | Country | City | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jeddah Tower | 1,000 m (3,300 ft) | 167+ | 2021 | | Jeddah | [19] |
| Wuhan CTF Centre | 648 m (2,126 ft) | 121 | 2022 | | Wuhan | |
| KL118 | 644 m (2,113 ft) | 118 | 2024 |  | Kuala Lumpur | |
| Rama IX Super Tower | 615 m (2,018 ft) | 118 | 2021 |  | Bangkok | [20] |
| Baoneng Shenyang Global Financial Center | 568 m (1,864 ft) | 114 | 2018 | | Shenyang | |
| Evergrande IFC 1 | 518 m (1,699 ft) | 112 | 2021 | | Hefei | [21] |
| Central Park Tower | 472 m (1,549 ft) | 99 | 2020 | | New York City | |
| Wuhan Greenland Center | 472 m (1,549 ft) | 96 | ? | | Wuhan | |
| Chengdu Greenland Tower | 468 m (1,535 ft) | 116 | 2018 | | Chengdu | |
| Corporate Avenue 1 | 468 m (1,535 ft) | 99 | 2019 | | Chongqing | [22] |
| Riverview Plaza | 436 m (1,430 ft) | 73 | 2018 | | Wuhan | |
| 111 West 57th Street | 435.3 m (1,428 ft) | 82 | 2019 | | New York City | |
| Akhmat Tower | 435 m (1,427 ft) | 100 | 2020 |  | Grozny | |
| Diamond Tower | 432 m (1,417 ft) | 93 | 2019 | | Jeddah | [23] |
| Chongqing Tall Tower | 431 m (1,414 ft) | 101 | ? | | Chongqing | [24] |
| Haikou Tower | 428 m (1,404 ft) | 94 | 2020 | | Haikou | |
| Shandong IFC | 428 m (1,404 ft) | 86 | 2022 | | Jinan | [25] |
| One Vanderbilt | 427 m (1,401 ft) | 58 | 2021 | | New York City | [26] |
| Dongguan International Trade Center 1 | 427 m (1,401 ft) | 88 | 2019 | | Dongguan | |
| Skyfame Center Landmark Tower | 420 m (1,380 ft) | 90 | 2021 | | Nanning | [27] |
| Haeundae LCT The Sharp Landmark Tower | 411.6 m (1,350 ft) | 101 | 2019 | | Busan | |
| Dongfeng Plaza Landmark Tower | 407 m (1,335 ft) | 100 | 2020 | | Kunming | [28] |
| Guangxi China Resources Tower | 402.7 m (1,321 ft) | 85 | 2019 | | Nanning | |
| Guiyang Financial Center Tower 1 | 401 m (1,316 ft) | 79 | 2021 | | Guiyang | [29] |
| La Maison by HDS | 386.5 m (1,268 ft) | 105 | 2021 | | Dubai | [30] |
| Abu Dhabi Plaza | 382 m (1,253 ft) | 75 | 2019 |  | Astana | |
| Guiyang World Trade Center Landmark Tower | 380 m (1,250 ft) | ? | 2021 | | Guiyang | [31] |
| Shenzhen Center | 375.6 m (1,232 ft) | 80 | 2019 | | Shenzhen | |
| Guangdong Business Center | 375.5 m (1,232 ft) | 60 | ? | | Guangzhou | [32] |
| Fairmont Kuala Lumpur Tower 1 | 370 m (1,210 ft) | 78 | 2019 | | Kuala Lumpur | [33] |
| Coronation Square Tower 1 | 370 m (1,210 ft) | 78 | ? | | Johor Bahru | [34] |
| Xujiahui Center Tower 1 | 370 m (1,210 ft) | 70 | ? | | Shanghai | [35] |
| Hai Tian Center Tower 2 | 369 m (1,211 ft) | 72 | 2021 | | Qingdao | [36] |
| 45 Broad Street | 365.8 m (1,200 ft) | 68 | 2021 | | New York City | |
| VietinBank Business Center Office Tower | 363.2 m (1,192 ft) | 70 | 2018 |  | Hanoi | |
| Wanda Vista | 362.9 m (1,191 ft) | 93 | 2020 | | Chicago | |
| Three Sixty West Tower B | 361.2 m (1,185 ft)[37] | 90 | ? |  | Mumbai | |
| Greenland Group Suzhou Center | 358 m (1,175 ft) | 75 | 2018 | | Suzhou | [38] |
| Il Primo Tower 1 | 356 m (1,168 ft) | 88 | 2021 | | Dubai | [39] |
| S Residence by Immo | 356 m (1,168 ft) | 80 | 2020 | | Dubai | [40] |
| Raffles City Chongqing T4N | 354.5 m (1,163 ft) | 79 | 2019 | | Chongqing | [17] |
| Gezhouba International Plaza | 350 m (1,150 ft) | 69 | ? | | Wuhan | |
| Agricultural Development Center Tower 1 | 350 m (1,150 ft) | ? | ? | | Harbin | [41] |
List by continent
The following list shows the tallest completed buildings located in each continent listed by greatest to least height (click on name of continent for continent-specific list):
| Continent | Building | Height | Floor count | Completed | Country | City |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asia | Burj Khalifa | 828 m (2,717 ft) | 160 | 2010 | | Dubai |
| North America | One World Trade Center | 541.3 m (1,776 ft) | 104 | 2014 | | New York City |
| Europe | Lakhta Center | 462 m (1,516 ft) | 86 | 2018 | | St. Petersburg |
| Oceania | Q1 | 323 m (1,060 ft) | 78 | 2005 |  | Gold Coast |
| South America | Gran Torre Santiago[42] | 300 m (980 ft) | 64 | 2012 |  | Santiago |
| Africa | Carlton Centre | 225.5 m (740 ft) | 50 | 1973 |  | Johannesburg |
| Antarctica | Long Duration Balloon (LDB) Payload Preparation Buildings[43] | 15 m (49 ft) | - | 2005[44] | .svg.png){kind=small} | McMurdo Station |
%20Payload%20Preparation%20Buildings.jpg){kind=link}
See also
- History of the world's tallest buildings
- List of tallest buildings by height to roof
- List of tallest twin buildings and structures
- List of buildings with 100 floors or more
- List of architects of supertall buildings
- List of cities with the most skyscrapers
- List of cities with the most high-rise buildings
- List of future tallest buildings
- List of tallest buildings in Asia
- List of tallest buildings in Southeast Asia
- List of tallest buildings and structures in South Asia
- List of tallest buildings and structures
- List of largest buildings
- List of tallest freestanding structures
- List of tallest hotels
- List of tallest residential buildings
- List of tallest structures
- List of tallest structures by country
- Skyscraper Index
Notes
References
- ↑ "Burj Dubai now a record 688m tall and continues to rise". Emaar Properties. 1 September 2008. Retrieved 1 September 2008.
- ↑ "The Tallest 20 in 2020: Entering the Era of the Megatall". CTBUH. 8 December 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
- 1 2 3 "100 tallest completed buildings in the world". CTBUH. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
- ↑ Lynn S. Beedle. "Tallest: Petronas vs. Sears Tower Controversy". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 2014-08-24.
- ↑ "CTBUH changes height criteria, Burj Khalifa height increases". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. 17 November 2009. Retrieved 18 November 2009.
- ↑ Binders, George (August 2006). 101 of the World's Tallest Buildings. p. 102.
- ↑ "Tall Buildings In Numbers Vanity Height". Ctbuh.org. Retrieved 2013-09-21.
- ↑ "Most of the World's Tallest Buildings Game the System With 'Vanity Height' - Jenny Xie". The Atlantic Cities. 2013-09-09. Retrieved 2013-09-21.
- ↑ "China tallest building, Shanghai Tower, gets final beam". 3 August 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
- 1 2 "The Skyscraper Center". buildingdb.ctbuh.org. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
- 1 2 "Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre : The Skyscraper Center". Skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
- ↑ "The Skyscraper Center". buildingdb.ctbuh.org. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
- 1 2 "Lakhta Center : The Skyscraper Center". Skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
- ↑ "The Skyscraper Center". buildingdb.ctbuh.org. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
- 1 2 "Princess Tower | Buildings". Dubai /: Emporis. Retrieved 2012-08-21.
- ↑ "Federation Tower". federationtower.com/. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
- 1 2 "Raffles City Chongqing Complex". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
- ↑ "Xi An Glory International Financial Center". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
- ↑ "Kingdom Tower in Saudi Arabia Will Soon Be the World's Tallest Building". Mashable.com. Retrieved 2014-12-28.
- ↑ "Rama IX Super Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
- ↑ "Evergrande IFC 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
- ↑ "Corporate Avenue 1 : The Skyscraper Center". Skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
- ↑ "Diamond Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
- ↑ "Chongqing Tall Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
- ↑ "Shandong IFC". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
- ↑ "One Vanderbilt". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
- ↑ "Skyfame Center Landmark Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
- ↑ "Dongfeng Plaza Landmark Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
- ↑ "Guiyang Financial Center Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
- ↑ "La Maison by HDS". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
- ↑ "Guiyang World Trade Center Landmark Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
- ↑ "Guangdong Business Center". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
- ↑ "Fairmont Kuala Lumpur Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
- ↑ "Coronation Square Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
- ↑ "Xujiahui Center Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
- ↑ "Hai Tian Center Tower 2". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
- ↑ "Oberoi Oasis Residential Tower;". CTBUH. Retrieved 2012-08-23.
- ↑ "Greenland Group Suzhou Center". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
- ↑ "Il Primo Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
- ↑ "S Residence by Immo". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
- ↑ "Agricultural Development Center Tower 1". CTBUH Skyscraper Database.
- ↑ "Costanera Center es oficialmente el edificio más alto de Latinoámerica". La Segunda. 2012-02-14.
- ↑ Pacheco, Luis Eduardo. "McMurdo Station, Antarctica - Stratospheric balloon launches". stratocat.com.ar. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
- ↑ Jones, W. Vernon. "Report on the Balloon Program" Archived 2016-03-07 at the Wayback Machine., NASA Astrophysics Subcommittee Meeting. 16 April 2013.
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Skyscrapers. |
- Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat
- Emporis, international database and gallery of buildings
- Structurae, international database and gallery of structures
- BuildingHeights.org, alternative ranking of the world's 1000 tallest buildings