John Hancock Center

875 North Michigan Avenue
875 North Michigan Avenue, as the John Hancock Center in 2006
Location within Chicago metropolitan area
John Hancock Center (Illinois)
John Hancock Center (the US)
General information
Status Complete
Architectural style Structural Expressionism
Location Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Address 875 North Michigan Avenue (additional entrances at 175 East Delaware Place and 170 East Chestnut Street)
Coordinates 41°53′56″N 87°37′23″W / 41.8988°N 87.6230°W / 41.8988; -87.6230Coordinates: 41°53′56″N 87°37′23″W / 41.8988°N 87.6230°W / 41.8988; -87.6230
Construction started 1965
Completed 1969[1]
Cost $100,000,000[1]
Owner The Hearn Company
Height
Architectural 1,128 ft (343.7 m)[2]
Tip 1,500 ft (457 m)[2]
Roof 1,127 ft (344 m)
Top floor 1,054 ft (321 m)[2]
Observatory 1,030 ft (314 m)[2]
Technical details
Floor count 100[2]
Floor area 2,799,973 sq ft (260,126 m2)[2]
Lifts/elevators 50, made by Otis Elevator Company[2]
Design and construction
Architect Fazlur Rahman Khan
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill
Developer John Hancock Insurance
Structural engineer Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM)
Main contractor Tishman Construction Co.
Website
https://875northmichiganavenue.com/
References
[2][3][4][5]

875 North Michigan Avenue, built as and still commonly referred to as the John Hancock Center, is a 100-story, 1,128-foot[6] supertall skyscraper located in Chicago, Illinois. Located in the Magnificent Mile district, the building was officially known as the John Hancock Center prior to February 12, 2018.

It was constructed under the supervision of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill,[6] with chief designer Bruce Graham and structural engineer Fazlur Khan.[7] When the building topped out on May 6, 1968,[1] it was the second-tallest building in the world and the tallest outside New York City. It is currently the fourth-tallest building in Chicago and the ninth-tallest in the United States, after One World Trade Center, the Willis Tower, 432 Park Avenue, the Trump Tower Chicago, the Empire State Building, the Bank of America Tower, 30 Hudson Yards and the Aon Center. When measured to the top of its antenna masts, it stands at 1,500 feet (457 m).[8] The building is home to several offices and restaurants, as well as about 700 condominiums. It also contains the third-highest residence in the world, after the Burj Khalifa in Dubai and the Trump Tower in Chicago.[9] The building was named for John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company, a developer and original tenant of the building. On February 12, 2018, John Hancock Insurance requested that its name and logos throughout the building’s interior be removed immediately.[10]

From the 95th floor restaurant, diners can look out at Chicago and Lake Michigan. The Observatory (360 Chicago),[11] which competes with the Willis Tower's Skydeck, has a 360° view of the city, up to four states, and a distance of over 80 miles (130 km). The Observatory has Chicago's only open-air SkyWalk and also features a free multimedia tour in six languages.[12] The 44th-floor sky lobby features America's highest indoor swimming pool.[13]

History

The project, which would at that time become the world's second tallest building, was originally conceived of and owned by Jerry Wolman in late 1964, the project being financed by John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Co. Construction of the tower was interrupted in 1967 due to a flaw in an innovative engineering method used to pour concrete in stages that was discovered when the building was 20 stories high.[14] The engineers were getting the same soil settlements for the 20 stories that had been built as what they had expected for the entire 99 stories. This forced the owner to stop development until the engineering problem could be resolved, and resulted in a credit crunch. This situation is similar to the one faced during the construction of 111 West Wacker, then known as the Waterview Tower. Wolman's bankruptcy resulted in John Hancock taking over the project, which retained the original design, architect, engineer, and main contractor.

The building's first resident was Ray Heckla, the original building engineer, responsible for the residential floors from 44 to 92. Heckla moved his family in April 1969, before the building was completed.

On November 11, 1981, Veterans Day, high-rise firefighting and rescue advocate Dan Goodwin, for the purpose of calling attention to the inability to rescue people trapped in the upper floors of skyscrapers, successfully climbed the building's exterior wall. Wearing a wetsuit and using a climbing device that enabled him to ascend the I-beams on the building's side, Goodwin battled repeated attempts by the Chicago Fire Department to knock him off. Fire Commissioner William Blair ordered Chicago firemen to stop Goodwin by directing a fully engaged fire hose at him and by blasting fire axes through nearby glass from the inside. Fearing for Goodwin's life, Mayor Jane Byrne intervened and allowed him to continue to the top.[15][16]

The John Hancock Center was featured in the 1988 movie Poltergeist III.

On December 18, 1997, comedian Chris Farley was found dead in his apartment on the 60th floor of the building.[17][18]

On March 9, 2002, part of a scaffold fell 43 stories after being torn loose by wind gusts around 60 mph (100 km/h) crushing several cars, killing three people in two of them. The remaining part of the stage swung back-and-forth in the gusts repeatedly slamming against the building, damaging cladding panels, breaking windows, and sending pieces onto the street below.

On December 10, 2006, the non-residential portion of the building was sold by San Francisco based Shorenstein Properties LLC for $385 million and was purchased by a joint venture of Chicago-based Golub & Company and the Whitehall Street Real Estate Funds.[19] Shorenstein had bought the building in 1998 for $220 million.

Golub defaulted on its debt and the building was acquired in 2012 by Deutsche Bank AG who subsequently carved up the building.[20] The venture of Deutsche Bank AG and New York-based NorthStar Realty Finance Corp. paid an estimated $325 million for debt on 875 North Michigan Avenue in 2012 after its previous owners defaulted on $400 million in loans.[21] The observation deck was sold to Paris-based Montparnasse 56 Group for $35 million and $45 in July 2012.[22] That same month, Prudential Real Estate Investors acquired the retail and restaurant space for almost $142 million.[23] In November 2012, Boston-based American Tower Corp affiliate paid $70 million for the antennas.[24] In June 2013, a venture of Chicago-based real estate investment firm Hearn Co., New York-based investment firm Mount Kellett Capital Management L.P. and San Antonio-based developer Lynd Co. closed on the expected acquisition of 875 North Michigan Avenue's 856,000 square feet of office space and 710-car parking deck. The Chicago firm did not disclose a price, but sources said it was about $145 million.[21] This was the last step in that piecemeal sale process.[21] In May 2016, Hearn Co. announced that they were seeking buyers for the naming rights with possible signage rights for the building.[25]

Hustle up the Hancock is an annual stair climb race up the 94 floors from the Michigan Avenue level to the observation deck. It is held on the last Sunday of February. The climb benefits Respiratory Health Association. The record time as of 2007 is 9 minutes 30 seconds.

The building is currently home to the transmitter of Univision's WGBO-DT (channel 66), while all other full-power television stations in Chicago broadcast from Willis Tower. The City Colleges of Chicago's WYCC (channel 20) transmitted from the building until November 2017, when it departed the air as part of the 2016 FCC spectrum auction, and will eventually return as a part of WTTW's spectrum from Willis Tower.

On November 21, 2015, a fire broke out in an apartment on the 50th floor of the building. The Chicago Fire Department was able to extinguish the fire after an hour and a half; five people suffered minor injuries.[26]

On Sunday, February 11, 2018, a fire in a car on the seventh floor required 150 firefighters to put out. It should be noted that the buildings life safety sprinkler system put out the fire, the firemen were responding to the alarms.[27]

On February 12, 2018, John Hancock Insurance requested that its name and logos throughout the building’s interior be removed immediately; John Hancock had not had a naming-rights deal with the skyscraper's owners since 2013. Until a new naming-rights deal is finalized, the skyscraper will be known as "875 North Michigan Avenue".[10]

Design

X-bracing on the tower's façade

One of the most famous buildings of the structural expressionist style, the skyscraper's distinctive X-braced exterior shows that the structure's skin is part of its "tubular system". This is one of the engineering techniques which the designers used to achieve a record height; the tubular system is the structure that keeps the building upright during wind and earthquake loads. This X-bracing allows for both higher performance from tall structures and the ability to open up the inside floorplan. Such original features have allowed 875 North Michigan Avenue to become an architectural icon. It was pioneered by Bangladeshi-American structural civil engineer Fazlur Khan and chief architect Bruce Graham.

The interior was remodeled in 1995, adding to the lobby travertine, black granite, and textured limestone surfaces. The elliptical-shaped plaza outside the building serves as a public oasis with seasonal plantings and a 12-foot (3.7 m) waterfall. A band of white lights at the top of the building is visible all over Chicago at night, and changes colors for different events. For example, at Christmas time the colors are green and red. When a Chicago-area sports team goes far in the playoffs, the colors are changed to match that team's colors.

The building is a member of the World Federation of Great Towers. It has won various awards for its distinctive style, including the Distinguished Architects Twenty-five Year Award from the American Institute of Architects in May 1999.[28] In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, the John Hancock Center was selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places [29] by the American Institute of Architects Illinois component (AIA Illinois) and was recognized by USA Today Travel magazine, as one of AIA Illinois' selections for Illinois 25 Must See Places.[30]

The building is only partially protected by a fire sprinkler system,[31] as the residential floors do not have sprinklers.[32]

Height

As seen from the Willis Tower, Lake Michigan is the backdrop.

Including two antennas, the tower has a height of 1,499 feet (457 m), making it the thirty-third tallest building in the world when measured to pinnacle height. The Observatory elevators of 875 North Michigan Avenue, manufactured by Otis, travel 96 floors at a top speed of 1,800 ft/min (20 mph; 9.1 m/s). It has been said the elevators to the observation deck are the fastest in North America, reaching from ground floor to the 95th floor at a top speed of 38 seconds.[33] The fact about the speed record is also mentioned in the voice announcement recording which is played every time the elevator is going up from ground floor to observation deck.

360° Chicago

Located on the 94th floor, 360° Chicago is 875 North Michigan Avenue's observatory. The floor of the observatory is 1,030 feet (310 m) off of street-level below. The entrance can be found on the concourse level of 875 North Michigan Avenue and is mainly accessible from the Michigan Avenue side of the building. The observatory, previously called the John Hancock Observatory, has been independently owned and operated since 2014 by the Montparnasse 56 Group out of Paris, France.[34] The elevators are credited to be the fastest in the Western Hemisphere, at a top speed of 1,800 ft/min (20.5 mph).[35] The observatory boasts larger floor space than its direct competitor, Skydeck at the Willis Tower. In addition, 360° Chicago has a cafe by Lavazza Coffee which stocks alcoholic beverages as well.[36] In the summer of 2014, 360° Chicago added its TILT attraction. The TILT platform is an additional fee, and is a series of floor to ceiling windows that slowly tilt outside the building to 30°.[37] The platform is on the observatory level, and faces south over the city. This observatory sees less attendance than the Skydeck at the Willis Tower, leading to a quieter and quicker experience.

The Signature Room

Separate from its observatory, 875 North Michigan Avenue has a restaurant on its 95th floor named the Signature Room ®, with an accompanying bar on the 96th floor called the Signature Lounge.[38]

Tenants and businesses

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "John Hancock Observatory – At a Glance" (PDF) (Press release). Edelman. 2008. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "John Hancock Center - The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Archived from the original on 2012-12-13.
  3. ↑ "John Hancock Center". SkyscraperPage.
  4. ↑ John Hancock Center at Emporis
  5. ↑ "John Hancock - Ownership". Archived from the original on 2016-03-26.
  6. 1 2 "John Hancock Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved 19 May 2009.
  7. ↑ p. 422, American Architecture: A History, Leland M. Roth, Westview Press, 2003, ISBN 0-8133-3662-7
  8. ↑ "The John Hancock Center: 875 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois". Chicago Architecture Info. Retrieved 19 May 2009.
  9. ↑ "The John Hancock Center". Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 19 May 2009.
  10. 1 2 http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/columnists/ct-biz-john-hancock-center-name-ryan-ori-20180212-story.html "John Hancock Center skyscraper losing its iconic name". Chicago Tribune, 12 February 2018.
  11. ↑ Malooley, Jake (January 30, 2014). "John Hancock Observatory to rebrand as 360 Chicago". Time Out Chicago.
  12. ↑ "Hancock Observatory tour, Schwimmer included". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 18 December 2009.
  13. ↑ Emporis.com
  14. ↑ Jerry Wolman: The World's Richest Man, Joseph Bokol, Richard Bokol, 2012
  15. ↑ Headliners Higher and Higher Published: 15 November 1981, New York Times
  16. ↑ "Willis Tower". Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2011.
  17. ↑ "Chris Farley: Trivia". TV.com. CNET Networks. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
  18. ↑ "Chicago Ghosts". Chicago Hauntings Tours. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
  19. ↑ Golub Real Estate Investment and Development Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine.
  20. ↑ Ori, Ryan (2013-04-20). "Carving up the Hancock". Crain's Chicago Business. Retrieved 2016-07-08.
  21. 1 2 3 <http://www.chicagobusiness.com/realestate/20130624/CRED03/130629902/new-owners-of-hancock-office-space-plan-45-million-rehab#>
  22. ↑ "Boul Mich deck with la view". Crain's Chicago Business. 2012-07-18. Retrieved 2016-07-08.
  23. ↑ Oberlander, Marissa (2012-07-23). "Hancock's retail, restaurant space sells for almost $142 million". Crain's Chicago Business. Retrieved 2016-07-08.
  24. ↑ Oberlander, Marissa (2012-11-21). "How much for the antennas atop Hancock Center?". Crain's Chicago Business. Retrieved 2016-07-08.
  25. ↑ Channick, Robert (2016-05-20). "John Hancock Center shops naming rights to fund plaza redevelopment". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2016-07-08.
  26. ↑ "5 Injured in 2-Alarm Fire at John Hancock Building". WMAQ-TV. NBCUniversal Media, LLC. 21 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  27. ↑ http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-met-car-fire-hancock-20180211-story.html
  28. ↑ "Twenty Five Year Award Recipients". American Institute of Architects. Retrieved July 3, 2013.
  29. ↑ Waldinger, Mike (January 30, 2018). "The proud history of architecture in Illinois". Springfield Business Journal. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  30. ↑ "25 Must See Buildings in Illinois". USA Today. August 9, 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  31. ↑ John Hancock Center "Contractor & Vendor Rules and Regulations, June 2013"
  32. ↑ Fire Sprinkler Times "Residential Floors of John Hancock Center Not Protected With Fire Sprinklers"
  33. ↑ "Asian Skyscrapers Dominate A New List Of The World's Fastest Elevators". Business Insider. Retrieved 2017-09-26.
  34. ↑ "Plan Your Visit". 360 Chicago. 360 Chicago. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  35. ↑ "History of the John Hancock". 360 Chicago. 360 Chicago. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  36. ↑ "Cafe at 360 Chicago". 360 Chicago. 360 chicago. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  37. ↑ "TILT". 360 chicago. 360 Chicago. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  38. ↑ "Signature Room at the 5th". www.chicagoreader.com. Chicago Reader. n.d. Retrieved August 20, 2017.
  39. ↑ "Benihana Brings Iconic Dining Experience to Downtown Chicago" (PDF). 9 August 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  40. ↑ "New Best Buy Opens in John Hancock Center on Chicago's Famous Magnificent Mile". Yahoo! News. 14 May 2009. Archived from the original on 26 March 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2009.
  41. 1 2 "John Hancock Center Chicago". Benihana. Retrieved 19 May 2009.
  42. ↑ "Oficinas Consulares en Estados Unidos." Embassy of Chile in Washington, D.C. Accessed 31 January 2009
  43. ↑ "Consulate General of Denmark - Chicago." Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Accessed 7 May 2012
  44. ↑ " Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine."
  45. ↑ "Our offices Archived 2013-02-13 at the Wayback Machine.." (Select United States of America) Etihad Airways. Accessed 11 February 2010
  46. ↑ "
  47. ↑ Hanig's Footwear, website
  48. ↑ The Signature Room at the 95th, website
  49. ↑ "
  50. ↑ http://www.wdrv.com
  51. ↑
  52. ↑
Records
Preceded by
Richard J. Daley Center		 Tallest building in Chicago
1969–1972
344 m		 Succeeded by
Aon Center
Preceded by
Prudential Tower		 Tallest building in the United States outside of New York City
1969–1972
344 m
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.