List of largest hydroelectric power stations

Three Gorges Dam (left), Gezhouba Dam (right)

This article provides a list of the largest hydroelectric power stations by generating capacity. Only plants with capacity larger than 2,000 MW are listed.

The Three Gorges Dam in Hubei, China, has the world's largest instantaneous generating capacity (22,500 MW), with the Itaipu Dam in Brazil/Paraguay in second place (14,000 MW). Despite the large difference in installed capacity these two power stations generate nearly equal amounts of electrical energy during the course of an entire year - Itaipu 103.1 TWh in 2016[1] and Three Gorges 98.8 TWh in 2014,[2] because the Three Gorges experiences six months per year when there is very little water available to generate power, while the Paraná River that feeds the Itaipu has a much lower seasonal variance in flow. Power output of the Three Gorges reaches 125 TWh in years of high feed availability.

The Three Gorges (22,500 MW - 32 × 700 MW and 2 × 50 MW) is operated jointly with the much smaller Gezhouba Dam (2,715 MW), the total generating capacity of this two-dam complex is 25,215 MW. The Itaipu on the Brazil–Paraguay border has 20 generator units with overall 14,000 MW of installed capacity, however the maximum number of generating units allowed to operate simultaneously cannot exceed 18 (12,600 MW).

The Jinsha River (the upper stream of Yangtze River) complex is the largest hydroelectric generating system currently under construction. It has three phases. Phase one includes four dams on the downstream of the Jinsha River. They are Wudongde Dam, Baihetan Dam, Xiluodu Dam, and Xiangjiaba Dam, with generating capacity of 10,200 MW, 16,000 MW, 13,860 MW, and 6,448 MW respectively. Phase two includes eight dams on the middle stream of the Jinsha River. The total generating capacity is 21,150 MW. Phase three includes eight dams on the upper stream of the Jinsha River. The total generating capacity is 8,980 MW. The total combined capacity of the Jinsha complex with the Three Gorges complex will be 101,853 MW.

Preliminary plans exist for the construction of the next largest hydroelectric power station with an installed capacity of 39,000 MW.[3] The Project is called Grand Inga and is planned to be realised on the lower Congo River.[4] China is said to have been working on a 50,000 MW[5] dam as part of the Yarlung Tsangpo Hydroelectric and Water Diversion Project

Another proposal, Penzhin Tidal Power Plant, presumes an installed capacity up to 87,100 MW.

The largest hydroelectric power stations top the list of the largest power stations of any kind, are among the largest hydraulic structures and are some of the largest artificial structures in the world.

List

Completed

Only operational power stations with an installed capacity of at least 2,000 MW. Some of these may have additional units under construction, but only current installed capacity is listed.

Rank Name Country River Years of completion Installed
capacity
(MW)		 Annual
production
(TW-hour)[6]		 Area
flooded
(km²)
1 Three Gorges Dam ChinaYangtze2008/201222,50098.8[7]1,084
2 Itaipu Dam Brazil
 Paraguay		Paraná1984/1991, 2003[8]14,000103.1 [1]1,350
3 Xiluodu ChinaJinsha2014[9]13,860[10]55.2
4 Guri VenezuelaCaroní1978, 198610,23553.414,250
5 Tucuruí BrazilTocantins1984, 20078,37041.433,014
6 Grand Coulee United StatesColumbia1942/1950, 1973, 1975/1980, 1983/1984, 1991[11]6,80920[12]324
7 Xiangjiaba ChinaJinsha2014[13]6,44830.795.6
8 Longtan Dam ChinaHongshui2007/20096,42618.7[14]
9 Sayano–Shushenskaya RussiaYenisei1985/1989, 2010/2014[15]6,40026.8621
10 Krasnoyarsk RussiaYenisei1967/19726,000152,000
11 Nuozhadu ChinaMekong2014[16]5,85023.9[17]320
12 Robert-Bourassa CanadaLa Grande1979/19815,616[18][19]26.52,835
13 Churchill Falls CanadaChurchill1971/19745,428[20]356,988
14 Jinping-II ChinaYalong20144,80024.23
15 Bratsk RussiaAngara1961/19664,51522.65,470
16 Laxiwa Dam ChinaYellow20104,200[21]10.2
17 Xiaowan Dam ChinaMekong20104,200[22]19190
18 Ust Ilimskaya RussiaAngara19803,84021.71,922
19 Jirau BrazilMadeira2014/20163,75019.1258
20 Jinping-I ChinaYalong20143,6001782.5
21 Santo Antonio BrazilMadeira2012/20163,580[23]21.2490
22 Tarbela Dam PakistanIndus19763,47813250
23 Ilha Solteira Dam BrazilParaná19733,44417.91,195
24 Ertan Dam ChinaYalong19993,30017101
25 Pubugou Dam ChinaDadu2009/20103,30014.6
26 Macagua VenezuelaCaroní1961, 19963,167.515.247.4
27 Xingó Hydroelectrical Power Plant BrazilSão Francisco1994/19973,16218.7[24]60
28 Yacyretá Argentina
 Paraguay		Paraná1994/1998, 20113,10020.091,600
29 Nurek Dam TajikistanVakhsh1972/1979, 19883,01511.298
30 Bath County PSP United States-1985, 2005/20093,0033.323.3
31 Goupitan Dam ChinaWu2009/20113,000[25]9.6794
32 Guanyinyan Dam ChinaJinsha2014/20163,00013.62
33 Boguchany Dam RussiaAngara2012/20142,99717.62,326
34 W. A. C. Bennett Dam CanadaPeace1968, 20122,91713.81,761
35 Mica Dam CanadaColumbia1973, 20152,8057.2430
36 La Grande-4 CanadaLa Grande19862,779[19]765
37 Gezhouba Dam ChinaYangtze19882,71517.01
38 Volzhskaya (Volgogradskaya) RussiaVolga1958/19612,671[26]12.84[27]3,117
39 Manic-5 and Manic-5-PA CanadaManicouagan1970/1971, 1989/19902,656[28]1,950
40 Niagara Falls (US) United StatesNiagara19612,625 [29]0
41 Chief Joseph Dam United StatesColumbia1958/1973/19792,62012.534
42 Changheba ChinaDadu2016/20172,60010.8
43 Dagangshan ChinaDadu2015/20162,60011.43
44 Revelstoke Dam CanadaColumbia1984, 20112,4808.75115
45 Zhiguliovskaya (Samarskaya) RussiaVolga1955/19572,467[30]11.7[27]6,450
46 Paulo Afonso IV BrazilSão Francisco1979/19832,462.4[31]
47 Chicoasén (Manuel M. Torres) Dam MexicoGrijalva1980, 20052,430
48 La Grande-3 CanadaLa Grande19842,418[19]12.32,420
49 Atatürk Dam TurkeyEuphrates19902,4008.9817
50 Jinanqiao Dam ChinaJinsha20102,40011.043
51 Sơn La Dam VietnamBlack2010/20122,40010.25440
52 Bakun Dam MalaysiaBalui20112,400695
53 Liyuan Dam ChinaJinsha2014/20152,40010.70314,7
54 Guandi Dam ChinaYalong20132,40011.87
55 Karun III Dam IranKarun20052,2804.1748
56 Iron Gates-I Romania
 Serbia		Danube1970, 1998/2007, 20132,252.811.3104.4
57 John Day Dam United StatesColumbia19712,1608.42
58 Caruachi VenezuelaCaroní20062,16012.95238
59 Ludila ChinaJinsha2014[32]2,1609.957
60 La Grande-2-A CanadaLa Grande19922,106[19][33]2,835
61 Aswan EgyptNile1967/19702,100115,250
62 Itumbiara BrazilParanaíba19802,0829778
63 Hoover Dam United StatesColorado1936/1939, 1961, 1986/19932,0804.2640
64 Cahora Bassa MozambiqueZambezi1975/19772,0752,739
65 Cleuson-Dixence Complex  Switzerland-1965, 19982,0694.514
66 Bureya Dam RussiaBureya2003/20092,0106.59[27]750
67 Lijiaxia Dam ChinaYellow1997/20002,0005.9383
68 Karun I (Shahid Abbaspour) Dam IranKarun1976, 1995, 20062,00054.8
69 Masjed Soleyman Dam IranKarun2002/20072,0003.77.5
70 Ahai Dam ChinaJinsha2014[34]2,0008.8823,4

Under construction

This table lists stations under construction with expected installed capacity at least 2,000 MW.

Name Country River Expected
capacity (MW)		 Expected
completion		 Location
Baihetan ChinaJinsha16,000[35]202128°15′06″N 103°39′34″E / 28.25167°N 103.65944°E / 28.25167; 103.65944 (Baihetan Dam)
Wudongde ChinaJinsha10,2002018-202026°20′02″N 102°37′48″E / 26.33389°N 102.63000°E / 26.33389; 102.63000 (Wudongde Dam)
Belo Monte BrazilXingu11,233201903°07′27″S 51°42′01″W / 3.12417°S 51.70028°W / -3.12417; -51.70028 (Belo Monte Dam)
TaSang MyanmarSalween7,110?? (on hold)20°27′23″N 98°39′0″E / 20.45639°N 98.65000°E / 20.45639; 98.65000
Ethiopian Renaissance EthiopiaBlue Nile6,4502018-202211°12′51″N 35°05′35″E / 11.21417°N 35.09306°E / 11.21417; 35.09306 (Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam)
Diamer-Bhasha Dam PakistanIndus River4,5002023[36]35°31′08″N 73°47′10″E / 35.51889°N 73.78611°E / 35.51889; 73.78611 (Diamer-Bhasha Dam)
Dasu Dam PakistanIndus River4,320202335°31′10″N 73°44′21″E / 35.51944°N 73.73917°E / 35.51944; 73.73917 (Dasu Dam)
Rogun TajikistanVakhsh3,6002018-202038°41′03″N 69°46′26″E / 38.68417°N 69.77389°E / 38.68417; 69.77389 (Rogun Dam)
Myitsone MyanmarIrrawaddy3,600?? (on hold)25°41′23″N 97°31′04″E / 25.68972°N 97.51778°E / 25.68972; 97.51778
Mambilla NigeriaDonga3,0502024[37]07°09′44″N 10°34′17″E / 7.16222°N 10.57139°E / 7.16222; 10.57139 (Mambilla Power Station)
Lianghekou ChinaYalong3,0002021-202330°09′46″N 101°00′49″E / 30.16278°N 101.01361°E / 30.16278; 101.01361 (Lianghekou Dam)
Ituango ColombiaCauca2,4562018 (on hold)7°05′03.6″N 75°41′16.8″W / 7.084333°N 75.688000°W / 7.084333; -75.688000 (Hidroituango)
Tocoma VenezuelaCaroní2,320?? (on hold)27°33′13″N 94°15′31″E / 27.55361°N 94.25861°E / 27.55361; 94.25861 (Tocoma Dam)
Maerdang ChinaYellow2,200201834°40′21″N 100°41′32″E / 34.67250°N 100.69222°E / 34.67250; 100.69222 (Maerdang Dam)
Koysha EthiopiaOmo2,160[38]2021[39]6°27′36″N 36°20′24″E / 6.46000°N 36.34000°E / 6.46000; 36.34000 (Koysha Dam)
Lauca AngolaCuanza2,069.52017-20189°44′34.9″S 15°07′32.2″E / 9.743028°S 15.125611°E / -9.743028; 15.125611 (Lauca Dam)
Shuangjiangkou ChinaDadu2,000201831°47′29″N 101°56′03″E / 31.79139°N 101.93417°E / 31.79139; 101.93417 (Shuangjiangkou Dam)
Subansiri IndiaSubansiri2,000201827°33′13″N 94°15′31″E / 27.55361°N 94.25861°E / 27.55361; 94.25861 (Subansiri Lower Dam)

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Brasil retiró casi 92 millones MWh de la producción récord de Itaipú". Abc.com. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  2. ↑ "China's Three Gorges dam 'breaks world hydropower record'". Dailymail.co.uk. 2015-01-02. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  3. ↑ Development of the Grand Inga, retrieved 2010-03-21
  4. ↑ "Africa plans biggest dam project, the Grand Inga", BBC News, 2008-04-21, retrieved 2010-03-21
  5. ↑ "World's largest hydropower project planned for Tibetan Plateau". www.chinadialogue.net. Retrieved 2017-12-30.
  6. ↑ Generating capacity is not the only factor determining the amount of electricity generated, as this also depends on consistent utilization of the plant's capacity. Factors enhancing this are the free capacity of the reservoir and the consistency of water supply during and across years.
  7. ↑ "China's Three Gorges dam 'breaks world hydropower record'". News.yahoo.com. 2015-01-02. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  8. ↑ first unit installed in 1984, 18th in 1991; in 2003 2 additional units were installed
  9. ↑ 2425 (2014-07-02). "世界第三大水电站溪洛渡水电站机组全部投产-能源-人民网". Energy.people.com.cn. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  10. ↑ "China's second-largest hydropower station in full operation - Xinhua | English.news.cn". News.xinhuanet.com. 2014-07-02. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  11. ↑ first unit installed in 1942, 18th in 1950, 21st in 1991; 6 units in third powerplant were installed between 1975 and 1980, 2 units of pumped-storage plant were installed in 1973, 4 more units in 1983 and 1984
  12. ↑ "Generation Records Fall at Grand Coulee Dam". U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from the original on 2006-10-07. Retrieved 2006-11-18.
  13. ↑ 马常艳 (2014-06-28). "中国第三大水电站向家坝水电站将全部投产发电". Ce.cn. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  14. ↑ "龙滩水电站创世界建设最快纪录-能源-人民网". Energy.people.com.cn. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  15. ↑ 10 units were installed between 1985 and 1989, after 2009 failure new units were installed between 2010 and 2014
  16. ↑ "云南省最大水电站糯扎渡水电站全面建成投产". Yn.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  17. ↑ "Largest hydropower station on Mekong River starts operation - Xinhua | English.news.cn". News.xinhuanet.com. 2012-09-06. Archived from the original on 2014-08-26. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  18. ↑ Combined with adjacent La Grande-2-A the LG-2 complex has 7,722 MW of installed capacity
  19. 1 2 3 4 Hydro-Québec (April 2009). Powering Our Future : Annual Report 2008 (PDF). Montreal. p. 125. ISBN 978-2-550-55046-4.
  20. ↑ Nalcor Operations. "Churchill Falls". Nalcor Energy. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  21. ↑
  22. ↑ "小湾电站机组全部投产 我国水电装机突破2亿千瓦". Yn.xinhuanet.com. 2010-08-25. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  23. ↑ "Geração – Santo Antônio Energia". Santoantonioenergia.com.br. 2014-06-20. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  24. ↑ "Form 20-F". Sec.gov. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  25. ↑
  26. ↑ "Волжская ГЭС увеличила установленную мощность в результате модернизации оборудования". www.volges.rushydro.ru. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  27. 1 2 3 "2013". Rushydro.ru. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  28. ↑ Hydro-Québec (2010), Hydroelectric Generating Stations, Montreal: Hydro-Québec, retrieved 2010-08-16
  29. ↑ Combined US-CA capacity >= 2 GW greater than this so would be about 15th place.
  30. ↑ "Выработка Жигулевской ГЭС в 2017 году на 14% превысила среднемноголетние значения". www.zhiges.rushydro.ru. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  31. ↑ Combined with adjacent Paulo Afonso IV, Paulo Afonso I, II, III and Apollonius Sales the Paulo Afonso Hydroelectric Complex has 4,279 MW of installed capacity
  32. ↑ "鲁地拉水电站事故生态放水孔已封堵-中国水力发电工程学会". Hydropower.org.cn. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  33. ↑ Combined with Robert-Bourassa, it would place LG-2 complex in 5th place
  34. ↑ "金沙江流域阿海水电站5台机组全部投产_云南网". Yn.yunnan.cn. 2014-06-08. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  35. ↑ "中国东方电气集团有限公司". Dongfang.com. 2015-07-08. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  36. ↑ Kiani, Khaleeq (27 August 2013). "Dasu power project gets precedence over Bhasha". dawn.com. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  37. ↑ "Construction begins on Nigeria's 3,050-MW Mambilla hydropower plant". www.hydroworld.com. Retrieved 2018-05-25.
  38. ↑ "Koysha Hydroelectric Project - Salini Impregilo". www.salini-impregilo.com. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  39. ↑ https://www.salini-impregilo.com/static/upload/wat/water-power-africa.pdf
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