Jinan dialect

Jinan dialect
	濟南話
Native to	Urban Jinan in the People's Republic of China
Region	Northeastern China
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Chinese Mandarin Ji-Lu Mandarin Jinan dialect; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	jina1245[1]

Jinan dialect (simplified Chinese: 济南话; traditional Chinese: 濟南話; pinyin: jǐnánhuà) is a Mandarin Chinese dialect spoken in Jinan in Shandong province.

Phonetics and Phonology

Consonants of the Jinan dialect
		Labial	Alveolar	Alveolo-palatal	Retroflex	Velar
Nasal		m	n	ɲ		ŋ
Plosive	voiceless unaspirated	p	t			k
Plosive	voiceless aspirated	pʰ	tʰ			kʰ
Affricate	voiceless unaspirated		ts	tɕ	tʂ
Affricate	voiceless aspirated		tsʰ	tɕʰ	tʂʰ
Fricative	voiced				ʐ
Fricative	voiceless	f	s	ɕ	ʂ	x
Approximant			l

Tone chart of the Jinan dialect
Tone number	Tone name	Tone contour	Description
1	yin ping (陰平)	˨˩˧ (213)	dipping
2	yang ping (陽平)	˥ (5)	high
3	shang sheng (上聲)	˨˦ (24)	rising
4	qu sheng (去聲)	˨˩ (21)	low

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Jinan Mandarin". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

Běijīng dàxué zhōngguóyǔyánwénxuéxì yǔyánxué jiàoyánshì. (1989) Hànyǔ fāngyīn zìhuì. Běijīng: Wénzìgǎigé chūbǎnshè.(北京大學中國語言文學系語言學教研室. 1989. 漢語方音字匯. 北京: 文字改革出版社)
Norman, Jerry. [1988] (2002). Chinese. Cambridge, England: CUP ISBN 0-521-29653-6
Yuán, jiāhuá (1989). Hànyǔ fāngyán gàiyào (An introduction to Chinese dialects). Beijing, China: Wénzì gǎigé chūbǎnshè. (袁家驊. 1989. 漢語方言概要. 北京:文字改革出版社.)

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