Jiangshan dialect

Jiangshan dialect
	江山話
Native to	China
Region	Jiangshan city, Quzhou prefecture, Zhejiang province
Native speakers	approx. 500,000–600,000
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Chinese Wu Chuqu Jiangshan dialect; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None; long1386 Longqu[1]

Jiangshan dialect (江山話) is a Southern Wu dialect, closely related to that of Quzhou. It is spoken in Jiangshan, a city in Quzhou prefecture.

Phonology

Initials

		Labial	Dental	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m 馬	n 腦		ŋ 我
Plosive	voiceless	p 巴	t 豬		k 姜
	aspirated	pʰ 怕	tʰ 聽		kʰ 氣
	slack voice	b̥ 爬	d̥ 同		ɡ̊ 群
Affricate	voiceless		ts 再	tɕ 朱
	aspirated		tsʰ 寸	tɕʰ 唱
	slack voice		d̥z̥ 茶	d̥ʑ̊ 傳
Fricative	voiceless	f 夫	s 山	ɕ 心		h 曉
Fricative	slack voice	v̥ 浮	z̥ 事	ʑ̊ 樹		ɦ 雲
Approximant			l 李

Finals

耳 [ør]	衣 [ɦi]	无 [vu]	雨 [ɦy]	之 [tsɿ]
拉 [lɑ]	家 [kiɑ]	瓦 [ŋuɑ]
鞋 [ɦæ]	也 [ɦiæ]	快 [khuæ]
天 [thiɛ̃]		全 [ʑyɛ̃]
开 [khe]		会 [kue]
哥 [ko]
包 [pɐɯ]	表 [piɐɯ]
楼 [lɯ]	秋 [tɕhiɯ]
三 [sã]	香 [hiã]	关 [kuã]
干 [kɔ̃]	状 [ʑiɔ̃]
盘 [bɐ̃]	官 [kuɐ̃]
门 [moŋ]	穷 [ɡioŋ]
齿 [tshɿə]	鱼 [ŋɯə]
金 [kœ̃]		森 [ɕyœ̃ ]
京 [kiŋ]		春 [tɕhyŋ]
八 [paʔ]	学 [ɦiaʔ]	扩 [khuaʔ]
笔 [pœʔ]		十 [ʑyœʔ]
日 [nəʔ]	习 [ʑiɛʔ]		越 [ɦyɛʔ]
月 [ŋoʔ]	肉 [ʑioʔ]
合 [kɔʔ]		肉 [ŋyɔʔ]

Tones

Jiangshan dialect is considered to have eight tones. However, since the tone split from Middle Chinese, each character still depends on the voicing of the initial consonant. These constitute just three phonemic tones: pin, shang, and qu. (Ru syllables are phonemically toneless, as their distinctiveness lies in a final glottal stop.)

Tone chart of Jiangshan dialect
Number	Tone name	Tone contour	Examples
1	陰平 yīn píng	˦ (44)	天空飛山
2	陽平 yáng píng	˨˧˩ (231)	南來田皮
3	陰上 yīn shàng	˧˨˦ (324)	紙九火口
4	陽上 yang shàng	˨ (22)	坐買有被
5	陰去 yīn qù	˥˩ (51)	菜四送去
6	陽去 yáng qù	˧˩ (31)	備洞路硬
7	陽入 yīn rù	˦˥ʔ (45)	七雪踢客
8	陽入 yáng rù	˩˨ʔ (12)	六肉白獨

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Longqu". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

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[Glottolog2-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Longqu". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.