Taiwanese Braille

Taiwanese Braille
Type
Languages Standard Mandarin
Parent systems
Night writing
Print basis
Zhuyin
A quadriscriptal text in Chinese and Roman print and braille. In the lower right corner is the character 結 jié, written in braille as gyé; compare 西 at the center top, rendered in braille as syī.

Taiwanese Braille is the braille script used in Taiwan for Taiwanese Mandarin (Guoyu).[1] Although based marginally on international braille, the majority of consonants have been reassigned;[2] also, like Chinese Braille, Taiwanese Braille is a semi-syllabary.

An example is,

⠅ (braille pattern dots-13) ⠒ (braille pattern dots-25) ⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)  ⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256) ⠈ (braille pattern dots-4)  ⠙ (braille pattern dots-145) ⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345) ⠈ (braille pattern dots-4)  ⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) ⠱ (braille pattern dots-156) ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)  ⠅ (braille pattern dots-13) ⠡ (braille pattern dots-16) ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)  ⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235) ⠩ (braille pattern dots-146) ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) 
ㄨㄛˊˇㄧㄢˇˋˋˋ
guódiǎnhào

Charts

Initials

Zhuyin
Pinyin bpmfdtnlgkhjqxzhchshrzcs
Braille ⠕ (braille pattern dots-135) ⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234) ⠍ (braille pattern dots-134) ⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)  ⠙ (braille pattern dots-145) ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) ⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345) ⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)  ⠅ (braille pattern dots-13) ⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) ⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)  ⠅ (braille pattern dots-13) ⠚ (braille pattern dots-245) ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)  ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) ⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) ⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)  ⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) ⠚ (braille pattern dots-245) ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) 

The braille letters for zhuyin/pinyin ㄍ g (/k/), ㄘ c (/tsʰ/), and ㄙ s (/s/) double for the alveolo-palatal consonantsj (/tɕ/), ㄑ q (/tɕʰ/), and ㄒ x (/ɕ/).[3] The latter are followed by close front vowels, namely ㄧ i (/i/) and ㄩ ü (/y/), so the distinction between g, c, s (or z, k, h) and j, q, x in zhuyin and pinyin is redundant.

Medial + rime

Each medial + rime in zhuyin is written with a single letter in braille.

Zhuyin /ㄦ
Pinyin -i/eraoeêaieiaoouanenangeng
Braille ⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)  ⠜ (braille pattern dots-345) ⠣ (braille pattern dots-126) ⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346) ⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)  ⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456) ⠴ (braille pattern dots-356) ⠩ (braille pattern dots-146) ⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)  ⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236) ⠥ (braille pattern dots-136) ⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346) ⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356) 
Zhuyin ㄧㄚㄧㄛㄧㄝㄧㄞㄧㄠㄧㄡㄧㄢㄧㄣㄧㄤㄧㄥ
Pinyin iiaioieiaiiaoiuianinianging
Braille ⠡ (braille pattern dots-16) ⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456) ⠴ (braille pattern dots-356) ⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)  ⠢ (braille pattern dots-26) ⠪ (braille pattern dots-246) ⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)  ⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345) ⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456) ⠨ (braille pattern dots-46) ⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456) 
Zhuyin ㄨㄚㄨㄛㄨㄞㄨㄟㄨㄢㄨㄣㄨㄤㄨㄥ
Pinyin uuauouaiuiuanunuangong
Braille ⠌ (braille pattern dots-34) ⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) ⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)  ⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356) ⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)  ⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456) ⠿ (braille pattern dots-123456) ⠸ (braille pattern dots-456) ⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346) 
Zhuyin ㄩㄝㄩㄢㄩㄣㄩㄥ
Pinyin üüeüanüniong
Braille ⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256) ⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)  ⠘ (braille pattern dots-45) ⠲ (braille pattern dots-256) ⠖ (braille pattern dots-235) 

is used for both the empty rime -i ([ɨ]), which is not written in zhuyin, and the rime ㄦ er ([ɐɚ]). See for example 斯 () located above the word Daguerre in the image at right.

Tone Marks

Tone:12340
Zhuyin naˊˇˋ˙
Pinyin ˉˊˇˋna
Braille

Tone is always marked.[4] This includes toneless syllables such as 了 le, rendered in the image above-right.

Punctuations

Punctuation[5]

Print
Braille
Print __﹏﹏……—— ——
Braille
Print 「 」『 』( )〔 〕{ }
Braille

References

  1. Not for Taiwanese Hokkien, which commonly goes by the name "Taiwanese"
  2. Only p m d n g c a e ê ü (from p m d n k j ä è dropped-e ü) approximate the French norm. Other letters have been reassigned so that the sets of letters in groups such as d t n l and g k h are similar in shape.
  3. [sic] One might expect ㄐ j (/tɕ/) to pair with ㄗ z (/ts/), by analogy with the others. Compare here, where the character 學 xué is rendered "süé". Historically it could have been either. The principal behind the assignments seems to be that, of the historically appropriate pairs of letters g~z, k~c, and h~s, the letter with the fewer dots is used for j, q, x.
  4. http://www.languagehat.com/archives/003051.php
  5. 萬明美, 2001, 「視障教育」, 五南圖書出版股份有限公司, p. 74 ff
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