1942
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1942 by topic |
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| Lists of leaders |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1942 MCMXLII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2695 |
| Armenian calendar | 1391 ԹՎ ՌՅՂԱ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6692 |
| Bahá'í calendar | 98–99 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1863–1864 |
| Bengali calendar | 1349 |
| Berber calendar | 2892 |
| British Regnal year | 6 Geo. 6 – 7 Geo. 6 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2486 |
| Burmese calendar | 1304 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7450–7451 |
| Chinese calendar | 辛巳年 (Metal Snake) 4638 or 4578 — to — 壬午年 (Water Horse) 4639 or 4579 |
| Coptic calendar | 1658–1659 |
| Discordian calendar | 3108 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1934–1935 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5702–5703 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1998–1999 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1863–1864 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5042–5043 |
| Holocene calendar | 11942 |
| Igbo calendar | 942–943 |
| Iranian calendar | 1320–1321 |
| Islamic calendar | 1360–1361 |
| Japanese calendar | Shōwa 17 (昭和１７年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1872–1873 |
| Juche calendar | 31 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 13 days |
| Korean calendar | 4275 |
| Minguo calendar | ROC 31 民國31年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 474 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2485 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴金蛇年 (female Iron-Snake) 2068 or 1687 or 915 — to — 阳水马年 (male Water-Horse) 2069 or 1688 or 916 |
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1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1942nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 942nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 42nd year of the 20th century, and the 3rd year of the 1940s decade.
Events
Below, events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
Map of Europe at the height of German control in 1942, Britain remaining the only country in Western Europe held by Allied forces
January
- January 1 – WWII:
- The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union and 22 other nations, in which they agree "not to make any separate peace with the Axis powers".
- United States and Philippines troops fight the Battle of Bataan against Japanese forces.
- January 2 – WWII:
- Japanese warplanes bomb Manila, Philippines.
- Activation of the United States Eighth Air Force in Savannah, Georgia.
- January 7 – WWII:
- Operation Typhoon, the German attempt to take Moscow, ends in failure.
- The siege of the Bataan Peninsula begins.
- January 11 – WWII:
- Dutch East Indies campaign: Japan declares war on the Netherlands and invades the Dutch East Indies.
- Malayan Campaign: The Japanese capture Kuala Lumpur, the capital of the Federated Malay States.
- January 13
- Heinkel test pilot Helmut Schenk becomes the first person to escape from a stricken aircraft with an ejection seat.
- Henry Ford patents a plastic automobile, which is 30% lighter than a regular car.
- January 14 – Sikorsky R-4 first flies, in the United States; it will become the first mass-produced helicopter.
- January 14–15 – WWII: Operation Drumbeat – German submarine U-123 under the command of Reinhard Hardegen sinks a Norwegian tanker within sight of Long Island before entering New York Harbor and sinking a British tanker off Sandy Hook as she leaves heading south along the East Coast of the United States.
- January 16 – American film actress Carole Lombard and her mother are among all 22 aboard TWA Flight 3 killed when the Douglas DC-3 plane crashes into Potosi Mountain near Las Vegas while she is returning from a tour to promote the sale of war bonds.
- January 19 – WWII:
- Japanese forces invade Burma.
- Establishment of Commands of the United States Eighth Air Force: VIII Bomber Command initially at Langley Field in Virginia and VIII Fighter Command at Selfridge Field in Michigan.
- January 20 – The Holocaust: Nazis at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin decide that the "Final Solution (Endlösung) to the Jewish problem" is relocation, and later extermination.
- January 21 – WWII: Erwin Rommel launches his new offensive in Cyrenaica.
- January 23 – WWII: The Battle of Rabaul begins.
- January 25 – WWII: Thailand declares war on the United States and United Kingdom.
- January 26 – WWII: The first American forces arrive in Europe, landing in Northern Ireland.
- January 31 – WWII: Malayan Campaign: The last organized Allied forces leave British Malaya, ending the 54-day campaign, and the Johor–Singapore Causeway is severed.
February
- February – C. S. Lewis's The Screwtape Letters first published in book format in England.
- February 1 – WWII: The Command staff of the Eighth Air Force reaches England.
- February 1 – Mao Zedong makes a speech on "Reform in Learning, the Party and Literature", starting the Yan'an Rectification Movement in the Communist Party of China.
- February 3 – WWII: Rommel suspends his offensive in Cyrenaica.
- February 7 – United States Maritime Commission fleet operations transferred to the War Shipping Administration (lasting until September 1, 1946).
- February 8
- António Óscar Carmona is elected president of Portugal.
- WWII: Top United States military leaders hold their first formal meeting to discuss American military strategy in the war.
- Daylight saving time goes into effect in the United States.
- February 9 – The ocean liner SS Normandie catches fire while being converted into the troopship USS Lafayette (AP-53) for WWII at pier 88 in New York City: she capsizes early the following morning.
- February 11 – Operation Cerberus: A flotilla of Kriegsmarine ships dash from Brest through the English Channel to northern ports; the British fail to sink any of them.
- February 15 – WWII: Singapore surrenders to Japanese forces.
- February 18 – WWII: More than 200 American sailors die in Newfoundland when the USS Truxtun runs aground near Chambers Cove and the USS Pollux runs aground at Lawn Point.
- February 19 – WWII:
- Japanese warplanes bomb Darwin, Australia.
- A returning Japanese fighter plane crashes on Melville Island (Australia) and its pilot, Hajime Toyoshima, becomes the first Japanese captured on Australian soil when indigenous resident Matthias Ulungura takes him prisoner.
- United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs Executive Order 9066 allowing the United States military to define areas as exclusionary zones. These zones affect the Japanese on the West Coast, and Germans and Italians primarily on the East Coast.
- February 19–23 – WWII: Battle of Sittang Bridge – British forces retreat to the Sittaung River.
- February 20 – WWII: Lieutenant Edward O'Hare becomes America's last U.S. Navy flying ace of the war.
- February 22 – WWII: General George Marshall transmits a direct order to General MacArthur in President Roosevelt's name, ordering MacArthur himself to turn over command of the Philippines to a subordinate and report to Australia to assume command of the large American force being built up there. The orders are worded to allow MacArthur to choose the exact moment of his departure; for various reasons, he will not leave until March 11.
- February 23 – WWII: The Japanese submarine I-17 fires 17 high-explosive shells toward an oil refinery near Santa Barbara, California, causing little damage.
- February 24
- Struma disaster: MV Struma, carrying Jewish refugees from Axis-allied Romania to British-administered Palestine, is torpedoed and sunk by the Soviet submarine Shch-213, killing about 791 men, women and children, with only one survivor.
- Propaganda: The Voice of America begins broadcasting.
- February 25 – "Battle of Los Angeles": Over 1,400 AA shells are fired at an unidentified, slow-moving object (probably a meteorological balloon) in the skies over Los Angeles. The appearance of the object triggers an immediate wartime blackout over most of Southern California, with thousands of air raid wardens being deployed throughout the city. At least 5 deaths are related to the incident. Despite the several-hour barrage no planes are downed.
- February 26
- The worst coal dust explosion to date, in Honkeiko, China, claims 1,549 lives.
- The 14th Academy Awards ceremony is held in Los Angeles; How Green Was My Valley wins Best Picture.
- February 27 – WWII: Battle of the Java Sea: An allied (ABDA) task force of 14 vessels under Dutch command, trying to stem a Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies, is defeated by a 19-vessel Japanese task force in the Java Sea; 2.300 sailors die, including the commander, admiral Karel Doorman; Japanese attain naval hegemony in East-Asia.
March
- March – Construction begins on the Badger Army Ammunition Plant, the largest in the United States during WWII.
- March 6 – Yugoslav Partisans operating in Nazi-occupied Serbia assassinate Đorđe Kosmajac in Belgrade.
- March 9 – WWII: Executive order 9082 (February 28, 1942) comes into effect reorganizing the United States Army into three major commands: Army Ground Forces, Army Air Forces, and Services of Supply, later redesignated Army Service Forces, with Henry H. Arnold as Commanding General of the United States Army Air Forces.
- March 11 – WWII: Douglas MacArthur's escape from the Philippines – U.S. General Douglas MacArthur, his family and key members of his staff are evacuated by PT boat, under cover of evening darkness, from Corregidor in the Philippines. Command of U.S. forces in the Philippines passes to Major General Jonathan M. Wainwright.
- March 15 – WWII: The Dünamünde Action takes place. 1,900 central European Jews are shot dead north east of Riga, 1,840 are killed on the 26th.
- March 16 – WWII: New Zealand and Australia declare war on Thailand.
- March 17 – The Holocaust: Operation Reinhard – The Nazi German Bełżec extermination camp opens in occupied Poland about 1 km south of the railroad station at Bełżec in the Lublin district of the General Government. At least 434,508 people are killed here up to December 1942.
- March 18 – Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States, signs Executive Order 9102, creating the War Relocation Authority (WRA), which becomes responsible for the internment of Americans of Japanese and, to a lesser extent, German and Italian descent, many of them legal citizens.
- March 20 – WWII: After being forced to flee the Philippines, U.S. General Douglas MacArthur announces (in Terowie, South Australia), "I came through and I shall return."[1]
- March 22 – WWII: Second Battle of Sirte in the Mediterranean Sea – Escorting warships of a British convoy to Malta ward off a much more powerful Regia Marina (Italian Navy) squadron north of the Gulf of Sirte.
- March 23 – WWII: The Germans burn down the Ukrainian village of Yelino (Koriukivka Raion), killing 296 civilians.[2]
- March 24 – The evacuation of Polish nationals from the Soviet Union begins. It is conducted in two phases: until 5 April; and between 10 and 30 August 1942, by sea from Krasnovodsk to Pahlavi (Anzali), and (to a lesser extent) overland from Ashkabad to Mashhad. In all, 115,000 people are evacuated, 37,000 of them civilians, 18,000 children (7% of the number of Polish citizens originally exiled to the Soviet Union).[3]
- March 28 – WWII:
- St Nazaire Raid (Operation Chariot) – British Commandos raid Saint-Nazaire on the coast of Western France to put its dockyard facilities out of action.
- Bombing of Lübeck in World War II: St. Mary's Church, Lübeck is destroyed by an allied bombing raid.
- March 31 – WWII: Battle of Christmas Island – Japanese troops occupy Christmas Island without resistance following a mutiny by British Indian Army troops against their British officers.
April
- April
- The Holocaust: the Nazi German extermination camp Sobibór opens in occupied Poland on the outskirts of the town of Sobibór. Between April 1942 and October 1943, at least 160,000 people are killed here.
- 77 Uzbek prisoners of war held at Amersfoort concentration camp in the occupied Netherlands are shot by Nazi German guards, 24 of their compatriots having previously died there as a result of forced starvation.[4]
- Spring – The Holocaust: the Nazi German extermination camp Treblinka II opens in occupied Poland near the village of Treblinka. Between July 23, 1942, and October 1943, around 850,000 people are killed here,[5] more than 800,000 of whom are Jews.[6]
- April 3 – WWII: Japanese forces begin the last phase of the Battle of Bataan, an all-out assault on the United States and Filipino troops on the Bataan Peninsula.
- April 5 – WWII: Easter Sunday Raid – Aircraft of the Japanese Navy attack Colombo in Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Royal Navy cruisers HMS Cornwall and HMS Dorsetshire are sunk southwest of the island.
- April 9 – WWII:
- The Bataan Peninsula falls and the Bataan Death March begins.
- The Japanese Navy launches an air raid on Trincomalee in Ceylon (Sri Lanka); the Royal Navy aircraft carrier HMS Hermes (95) and Royal Australian Navy destroyer HMAS Vampire are sunk off the country's East Coast.
- April 12 – Disney's Bambi was released in theaters everywhere.
- April 13 – The United States Federal Communications Commission's minimum programming time required of TV stations is cut from 15 hours to 4 hours a week during the war.
- April 14
- WWII: The submarine HMS Upholder is sunk.
- WWII: The German submarine U-85 is sunk by USS Roper.
- April 15 – WWII: Award of the George Cross to Malta: King George VI awards the George Cross to the island of Malta to mark the Siege of Malta, saying, "To honour her brave people I award the George Cross to the Island Fortress of Malta, to bear witness to a heroism and a devotion that will long be famous in history" (from January 1 to July 24, there is only one 24-hour period during which no bombs fall on this tiny island).
- April 17 – WWII: Henri Giraud the French commander captured in 1940, escapes from Königstein Fortress.
- April 18 – WWII: Tokyo, Japan, is attacked by the Doolittle Raid, a small force of B-25 Mitchell bomber aircraft commanded by then-Lieutenant Colonel James "Jimmy" Doolittle.
- April 23
- WWII: Exeter becomes the first historic English city bombed as part of the Baedeker Blitz in retaliation for the British bombing of Lübeck.
- Exeter-born William Temple enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.
- April 25 – The Princess Elizabeth registers for war service in the U.K.
- April 26 – WWII: The Reichstag meets for the last time, dissolving itself and proclaiming Adolf Hitler the "Supreme Judge of the German People", granting him the power of life and death over every German citizen.
- April 27
- WWII: A national plebiscite is held in Canada on the issue of conscription.
- The Jewish Star of David is required wearing for all Jews in the Netherlands and Belgium; Jews in other Nazi-controlled countries have already been wearing it.
- April 29 – WWII: An explosion at a chemical factory in Tessenderlo, Belgium leaves 200 dead and 1,000 injured.
May
- May – Operation Pluto: The plan to construct oil pipelines under the English Channel between England and France is tested in the River Medway.
- May 3–4 – WWII: Invasion of Tulagi by Japanese forces in the British Solomon Islands of the South Pacific as part of Operation Mo.
- May 5 – WWII: Operation Ironclad: British forces invade the French colony of Madagascar.
- May 7 – WWII: On Corregidor, the last American and Filipino forces in the Philippines surrender to the Japanese under command of 2LT Robert L. Obourn (92nd Coast Artillery Regiment, G Battery) from Fort Mills, as directed by LTG Jonathan M. Wainwright, the overall commander.[7][8]
- May 8 – WWII:
- The Battle of the Kerch Peninsula: The German 11th Army begins Operation Trappenjagd (Bustard Hunt) and destroys the bridgehead of the three Soviet Armies (44th, 47th, and 51st) defending the Kerch Peninsula, in the eastern part of the Crimea.[9]
- The Battle of the Coral Sea (first battle in naval history where 2 enemy fleets fight without seeing each other's fleets) ends in an Allied victory.
- The Battle of the Kerch Peninsula: German and Romanian forces launches Unternehmen Trappenjagd (Operation Busted Hunt) aiming at defeating the Soviet Crimean Front defending the Kerch Peninsula. The battle ends in Axis victory. Part of the Eastern Front.
- May 8/9 – WWII: At night, gunners of the Ceylon Garrison Artillery on Horsburgh Island in the Cocos Islands mutiny. The mutiny is crushed and three executed (the only British Commonwealth soldiers to be executed for mutiny during the Second World War).
- May 12 – WWII:
- Second Battle of Kharkov: In the eastern Ukraine, the Soviet Army initiates a major offensive to capture the city of Kharkov from the German Army, only to be encircled and destroyed.
- The Japanese minelayer Okinoshima is sunk by the American submarine USS S-42.
- May 14 – Aaron Copland's Lincoln Portrait is performed for the first time by the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra.
- May 15 – WWII: In the United States, a bill creating the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) is signed into law.
- May 20 – The first African-American seamen are taken into the United States Navy.
- May 21 – WWII: Mexico declares war against Nazi Germany after the sinking of the Mexican tanker Faja de Oro by German submarine U-160 off Key West.
- May 26 – WWII:
- Battle of Bir Hakeim: The Free French and British troops slow the German advance in North Africa.
- Anglo-Soviet Treaty of 1942 to help establish military and political alliance between the USSR and the British Empire is signed in London by foreign Secretary Anthony Eden and by Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov.
- May 27 – WWII: Operation Anthropoid: Czech paratroopers attempt to assassinate Reinhard Heydrich in Prague.
- May 30–31 – WWII: Bombing of Cologne – British RAF Bomber Command's "Operation Millennium", its first 1,000 bomber raid, with associated fires make 13,000 families homeless and kills around 475 people, mostly civilians; 3,330 non-residential buildings are totally destroyed.
- May 31–June 1 – WWII: Attack on Sydney Harbour: Japanese midget submarines infiltrate Sydney Harbour in Australia in an attempt to attack Allied warships.
June
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June 4: The Japanese aircraft carrier, Hiryū under attack by US aircraft at the Battle of Midway
- June 1
- WWII: Mexico declares war on Germany, Italy and Japan.
- The Grand Coulee Dam is finished on the Columbia River.
- June 4 – WWII: Reinhard Heydrich succumbs to wounds sustained on May 27 from Czechoslovakian paratroopers acting in Operation Anthropoid.
- June 5 – The United States declares war on Bulgaria, Hungary & Romania.
- June 4–June 7 – WWII: The Battle of Midway: The Japanese naval advance in the Pacific is halted.
- June 7 – WWII: Japanese forces invade the Aleutian Islands (the first invasion of American soil in 128 years).
- June 8 – WWII: Attack on Sydney Harbour: The Australian cities of Sydney and Newcastle are shelled by Japanese submarines. The eastern suburbs of both cities are damaged and the east coast is blacked out.
- June 9 – WWII: Nazis burn the Czech village of Lidice in reprisal for the killing of Reinhard Heydrich.
- June 10 – WWII: The Gestapo massacres 173 male residents of Lidice, Czechoslovakia in retaliation for the killing of Reinhard Heydrich.
- June 12 – The Holocaust: On her 13th birthday, Anne Frank makes the first entry in her new diary.
- June 13 – WWII: The United States opens its Office of War Information, a propaganda center.
- June 18 – WWII: The SS surrounds the church where Jan Kubiš and Jozef Gabčík, the assassins of Reinhard Heydrich, are hiding. Kubiš is fatally wounded in the ensuing shootout and Gabčík commits suicide to avoid capture.
- June 23 – The experimental early type of a nuclear reactor L-IV led to an accident, becoming the first nuclear accident in history and consisting of steam explosion and reactor fire in Leipzig.
- June 28 – WWII: The Germans launch Case Blue, Army Group South's drive to Stalingrad and the Baku Oil fields.
- June 29 – WWII: The German Eleventh Army under Erich von Manstein takes Sevastopol, although fighting rages until July 9.
July
- July – The Holocaust: Inmates of Westerbork transit camp in the occupied Netherlands begin to be shipped to Nazi extermination camps. From now until 1944 around 107,000, mostly Jewish, from here will be killed.
- July 1–July 27 – WWII: The First Battle of El Alamein: British forces prevent a second advance by Axis forces into Egypt.
- July 3 – WWII: Guadalcanal, occupied only by aborigines, falls to the Japanese Naval construction force deployed to construct an air field on the island.
- July 4 – WWII in the European Theater of Operations:
- Twenty-four ships are sunk by German bombers and submarines after Convoy PQ 17 to the Soviet Union is scattered in the Arctic Ocean to evade the German battleship Tirpitz.
- The United States Eighth Air Force inauspiciously flies its first mission in Europe using borrowed British planes and bombs targets in the Netherlands, such as De Kooy airfield attached to Den Helder naval base. Three of six aircraft return;[10] For this mission, Captain Charles C. Kegelman is the first member of the Force to be awarded the U.S. Distinguished Flying Cross.[11]
- July 6 – The Holocaust: Anne Frank's family goes into hiding in an attic above her father's office in an Amsterdam warehouse.
- July 8 – Turkish prime minister Refik Saydam dies while working in office. For one day he is succeeded by Ahmet Fikri Tüzer.
- July 9 – Şükrü Saracoğlu forms the new (13th) government in Turkey.
- July 13 – WWII: U-boats sink 3 more merchant ships in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
- July 14 – WWII: Germany introduces the Ostvolk Medal for Soviet personnel in the Wehrmacht.
- July 16
- The Holocaust: By order of the Vichy France government headed by Pierre Laval, French police officers round-up 13,000–20,000 Jews and imprison them in the Winter Velodrome.
- Georges Bégué and others escape from the Mauzac prison camp.
- July 18 – WWII: The Germans test fly the Messerschmitt Me 262 (using only its jet engines) for the first time.
- July 19 – WWII: Battle of the Atlantic: German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast positions, in response to an effective American convoy system.
- July 21 – WWII: The Japanese establish a beachhead on the north coast of New Guinea in the Buna-Gona area; a small Australian force begins a rearguard action on the Kokoda Track campaign.
- July 22 – The Holocaust: The systematic deportation of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto begins.
- July 23 – The Holocaust: The gas chambers at Treblinka extermination camp begin operation, killing 6,500 Jews newly arrived from the Warsaw Ghetto.
- July 29 – The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union institutes the Order of Suvorov, the Order of Kutuzov, and reinstates the Order of Alexander Nevsky.
- July 30 – WWII:
- WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service), the United States Naval Reserve (Women's Reserve), is signed into law.
- SS Robert E. Lee sunk in the Gulf of Mexico by U-166 which is itself sunk by the escorting patrol craft.
- July 31 – The Oxford Committee for Famine Relief (Oxfam) is founded in England.
August
- August 4-WWII: Operation Letica: A failed assassination on Serbian fascist Minister of Finance Dušan Letica by a group Yugoslav Resistance fighters
- August 7 – WWII: Guadalcanal Campaign begins – The U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps begin the first American offensive of the war with an amphibious landing on the island of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands.
- August 8
- WWII: Allied North Atlantic convoy SC 94 loses ten ships as the first to be heavily attacked by U-boats resuming mid-Atlantic wolf pack attacks through the climactic winter of 1942/43.[12]
- WWII: In Washington, D.C., six German saboteurs are executed for their role in a failed mission of Operation Pastorius. (Two others are cooperative and receive sentences of life imprisonment instead, being freed a few years after the end of the war.)
- August 9
- Indian leader Mohandas Gandhi is arrested in Bombay by British forces.
- Start, led by the goalkeeper Nikolai Trusevich, play football against the German Luftwaffe team Flakelf in Nazi-occupied Kiev. Against all odds, they win 5–3. Eight of them are later arrested and tortured, and at least four are killed.
- Leningrad première of Shostakovich's Symphony No. 7 with the city still under siege.
- August 13 – Quit India resolution is passed by the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee (AICC), which leads to the start of a historical civil disobedience movement across India.
- August 15 – WWII: The American tanker Ohio reaches Malta as part of the convoy of Operation Pedestal.
- August 16
- Polish-Jewish teacher Janusz Korczak follows a group of Jewish children into the Treblinka extermination camp.
- U.S. Navy blimp L-8 (Flight 101) comes ashore near San Francisco, eventually coming down in Daly City (the crew is missing).
- August 17 – WWII: First raid by heavy bombers of U.S. Eighth Air Force based in England against occupied France.
- August 19 – WWII: Dieppe Raid: Allied forces raid Dieppe, France.
- August 20 – Plutonium is isolated for the first time at the Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago.
- August 21 – WWII: Battle of the Tenaru: Allies defeat Japanese land forces on Guadalcanal.
- August 22 – WWII: Brazil declares war on Germany and Italy.
- August 23 – WWII: Battle of Stalingrad begins: German troops reach the suburbs of Stalingrad.
- August 24
- WWII: Charge of the Savoia Cavalleria at Isbuscenskij: An Italian cavalry regiment attacks Soviet forces with drawn sabres at Isbuscenskij in Russia, one of the last major cavalry charges.
- WWII: Allied North Atlantic convoy ON 122 is attacked by U-boats which sink four ships.[13]
- WWII: 2-day Battle of the Eastern Solomons opens: Bombers from carrier USS Saratoga sink Japanese aircraft carrier Ryūjō near Santa Isabel Island, helping to lead to an Allied victory.
- Walt Disney's live-action/animated film Saludos Amigos has its world premiere in Rio de Janeiro.
- August 25
- WWII: Battle of Milne Bay opens when Japanese marines land at Milne Bay.
- Prince George, Duke of Kent, brother to King George VI and King Edward VIII, dies in a flying accident over Morven in Scotland at the age of 39.
- August 27–28 – Sarny Massacre: Nazi troops and the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police systematically execute more than 14,000 people, mostly Jews, in and around Sarny in German-occupied Poland.
- August 28 – Polish writer Zofia Kossak-Szczucka as head of underground organization Front for the Rebirth of Poland publish in Warsaw her Protest! against mass murder of Jews in German occupied Poland.
- August 30 – Luxembourg is formally annexed to the German Reich.
- August 30–September 5 – WWII: Battle of Alam el Halfa – British forces in the Western Desert resist German attack.
- August 31 – 1942 Luxembourgish general strike is launched to protest against forced conscription in Luxembourg.
September
- September 2 – The island of Les Casquets in the Channel Islands is raided by the forerunner of the British SAS, the SSRF, led by Major Gus March-Phillipps; this is one of the first raids by Anders Lassen VC. In the raid the entire garrison of 7 is abducted and returned to England as prisoners and the radio and lighthouse wrecked.[14][15]
- September 3 – The Holocaust: A German attempt to liquidate the Jewish Łachwa Ghetto in occupied Poland leads to an uprising, probably the first ghetto uprising of the war.
- September 5
- WWII: Battle of Milne Bay: Japanese forces suffer their first defeat on land.
- The Holocaust: The Jews of Wolbrom in occupied Poland are rounded up by the Germans and their Ukrainian collaborators. What was once a flourishing community suddenly ceases to exist.[16]
- September 9 – WWII: A Japanese floatplane drops incendiary devices at Mount Emily, near Brookings, Oregon, in the first of two "Lookout Air Raids", the first bombing of the continental United States.
- September 10
- WWII: North Atlantic convoy ON 127 is attacked by U-boats, sinking six ships.[17]
- Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron (WAFS) begins operation in the United States.
- September 12 – The RMS Laconia, carrying civilians, Allied soldiers and Italian Prisoners of War, is torpedoed off the coast of West Africa and sinks, killing 1,649 people.
- September 15 – Women's Flying Training Detachment (WFTD) established in the United States.
- September 24 – WWII: Andrée Borrel and Lise de Baissac become the first female SOE agents to be parachuted into occupied France.
- September 26 – The Holocaust: Nazi official August Frank issues the August Frank memorandum setting out how the belongings of "evacuated" (i.e. murdered) Jews are to be disposed of.
- September 27 – WWII: Both commerce raiding German auxiliary cruiser Stier and American Liberty ship SS Stephen Hopkins sink following a gun battle in the South Atlantic. Hilfskreuzer Stier is the only commerce raider to be sunk by a defensively equipped merchant ship.[18]
- September 29 – WWII: At Babi Yar a ravine in Kiev, 33,771 Jews are killed during a two-day massacre.
October
- October 2
- British cruiser HMS Curacoa collides with liner RMS Queen Mary (carrying troops from the United States) off the coast of Donegal and sinks; 338 drown.
- WWII: Japanese troopship Lisbon Maru sinks following a torpedo attack the previous day by submarine USS Grouper off the coast of China; 829 are killed, mostly British Prisoners of War who (unknown to the attacker) were being held on board.
- October 3 – The first A-4 rocket is successfully launched from Test Stand VII at Peenemünde, Germany. The rocket flies 147 kilometres wide and reaches a height of 84.5 kilometres, becoming the first man-made object to reach space.
- October 9
- WWII: Third Battle of the Matanikau on Guadalcanal: American forces defeat the Japanese.
- The Statute of Westminster Adoption Act passed by the Parliament of Australia formalizes Australian autonomy from the United Kingdom.
- October 11 – WWII: Battle of Cape Esperance: On the northwest coast of Guadalcanal, United States Navy ships intercept and defeat a Japanese fleet on their way to reinforce troops on the island.
- October 13 – WWII: North Atlantic convoy SC 104 is attacked by U-boats sinking seven ships.[19]
- October 14
- The Holocaust: The International Committee of the Red Cross, meeting in special session at the Hotel Métropole, Geneva, Switzerland, declines to issue an international appeal condemning the holding of civilians in Nazi concentration camps.[20]
- WWII: A U-boat sinks the ferry SS Caribou off Newfoundland, killing 137.
- October 16
- A hurricane and flood in Bengal kill 40,000.
- The Mouse of Tomorrow featuring the debut of Mighty Mouse is released.
- October 18 – WWII: Hitler issues Commando Order which stipulates that all Allied commandos encountered by German forces should be executed immediately without trial, even in proper uniforms, in response to the Dieppe Raid and Operation Basalt conducted by the Allies. After the war, the Nuremberg trials found this order a direct violation of the laws and customs of war.
- October 21 – A Royal New Zealand Air Force torpedo bomber sinks the German MS Palatia with a loss of 946 lives.
- October 23 – Award-winning composer and songwriter Ralph Rainger ("Thanks for the Memory") is among 12 people killed in a mid-air collision between an American Airlines DC-3 and a U.S. Army bomber near Palm Springs, California.
- October 23–26 – WWII: Battle for Henderson Field: Japanese forces fail to recapture Henderson Field airfield in Guadalcanal from the Americans.
- October 23–November 4 – WWII: Second Battle of El Alamein: British troops go on the offensive against the Axis forces.
- October 26 – WWII: Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands: Two Japanese aircraft carriers are heavily damaged and one U.S. Navy carrier is sunk.
- October 28
- Film actor Errol Flynn is accused of statutory rape by two teenage girls.
- The Alaska Highway is completed.
- October 29 – The Holocaust: In the United Kingdom, leading clergymen and political figures hold a public meeting to register outrage over Nazi Germany's persecution of Jews.
- October 30 – WWII:
- U-boats sink eleven ships attacking diversionary convoy SL 125, but move out of the path of approaching troopships carrying Allied Operation Torch invasion forces.[21]
- British sailors board U-559 as it sinks in the Mediterranean and retrieve its Enigma machine and codebooks.
November
- November 1 – WWII: North Atlantic convoy SC 107 is heavily attacked by U-boats sinking fifteen ships.[22]
- November 2 – A USAAF squadron, including B-24 Liberators, intercepts many Luftwaffe patrols off the coast of Oran, Algeria.
- November 3 – WWII: Second Battle of El Alamein: German forces under Erwin Rommel are forced to retreat during the night.
- November 8 – WWII:
- Operation Torch: United States and United Kingdom forces land in French North Africa.
- French Resistance Coup in Algiers: 400 French civil resisters neutralize the Vichyist XIXth Army Corps and the Vichyist generals (Juin, Darlan, etc.) thus allowing the immediate success of Operation Torch in Algiers, and ultimately the whole of French North Africa.
- November 9 – WWII: U.S. serviceman Edward Leonski is hanged at Melbourne's Pentridge Prison for the "Brown-Out" murders of three women in May.
- November 10 – WWII: In violation of a 1940 armistice, Germany invades Vichy France, following French Admiral François Darlan's agreement to an armistice with the Allies in North Africa.
- November 12 – WWII: Guadalcanal Campaign: A naval battle near Guadalcanal starts between Japanese and American forces.
- November 13 – WWII:
- Guadalcanal Campaign: Aviators from the USS Enterprise sink the Japanese battleship Hiei.
- British forces capture Tobruk.
- November 15 – WWII:
- The Naval Battle of Guadalcanal ends: Although the United States Navy suffers heavy losses, it retains control of Guadalcanal.
- A BOAC scheduled passenger flight, a DC-3 with registration G-AGBB, (formerly KLM PH-ALI, Ibis), en route between Lisbon and Bristol, is attacked over the Bay of Biscay by German fighters. Although damaged, it escapes and lands in England. Other attacks follow on the same aircraft and scheduled route: April 19 and June 1, 1943 (fatal).
- British forces capture Derna, Libya.
- November 18 – WWII: North Atlantic convoy ON 144 is attacked by U-boats sinking five ships.[23]
- November 19 – WWII: Battle of Stalingrad: Soviet Union forces under General Georgy Zhukov launch the Operation Uranus counter-attacks at Stalingrad, turning the tide of the battle in the USSR's favor.
- November 20 – WWII: British forces capture Benghazi.
- November 21 – The completion of the Alaska Highway (also known as the Alcan Highway) is celebrated (however, the "highway" is not usable by general vehicles until 1943).
- November 22 – WWII: Battle of Stalingrad: The situation for the German attackers of Stalingrad seems desperate during the Soviet counter-attack Operation Uranus, and General Friedrich Paulus sends Adolf Hitler a telegram saying that the German Sixth Army is surrounded.
- November 23 – WWII
- A U-boat sinks the SS Ben Lomond off the coast of Brazil. One crewman, Chinese second steward Poon Lim, is separated from the others and spends 130 days adrift until he is rescued on April 3, 1943.
- Legislation approves the United States Coast Guard Women's Reserve to help fill jobs and free men to serve during the war effort. They are known as the SPARS ("Semper Paratus, Always Ready!")
- November 25–26 – WWII: Operation Harling: A British Special Operations Executive team, together with Greek Resistance fighters, blows up the Gorgopotamos viaduct in the first major sabotage act in occupied continental Europe.
- November 26 – The movie Casablanca premières at the Hollywood Theater in New York City.
- November 27 – WWII: At Toulon, the French navy scuttles its ships and submarines to keep them out of Nazi hands.
- November 28
- Cocoanut Grove fire: A fire in the Cocoanut Grove night club in Boston, Massachusetts, kills 491.
- The large-scale German "pacification" of the Zamojszczyzna region of Poland begins.
- November 29 – The Blue Star Line cargo liner MV Dunedin Star runs aground on the Skeleton Coast of Namibia. Crew and passengers survive following a 26-day overland trek to Windhoek.[24]
- November 30 – WWII: Battle of Tassafaronga – In a nighttime naval battle as part of the Guadalcanal Campaign, ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy defeat those of the United States Navy.
December
- December 1 – Gasoline rationing begins in the United States.
- December 2 – Manhattan Project: Below the bleachers of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, a team led by Enrico Fermi initiates the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction (a coded message, "The Italian navigator has landed in the new world" is then sent to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt).
- December 4
- The Holocaust: In Warsaw, two women, Zofia Kossak and Wanda Filipowicz, risk their lives by setting up the Council for the Assistance of the Jews.
- WWII: USAAF bombers make their first raid on Italy.
- December 7 – WWII:
- British commandos conduct Operation Frankton, a raid on shipping in Bordeaux harbour.
- The battleship USS New Jersey (BB-62) is launched at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- December 8 – A fire at Seacliff Lunatic Asylum in New Zealand kills 39 patients.
- December 10 – The Holocaust: The Polish government-in-exile sends copies of The Mass Extermination of Jews in German Occupied Poland, including Raczyński's Note, the first official report on The Holocaust, to 26 governments who signed the Declaration by United Nations.
- December 12 – WWII: German troops began Operation Winter Storm, an attempt to relieve encircled Axis forces during the Battle of Stalingrad.
- December 15 – WWII: Guadalcanal Campaign – Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse: United States and allied forces begin to attack Japanese positions near the Matanikau River.
- December 17 – The Allies issue the Joint Declaration by Members of the United Nations (as the answer to Raczyński's Note), the first time they publicly acknowledge the Holocaust.
- December 22
- An avalanche in Aliquippa, Pennsylvania, kills 26, including Vulcan Crucible Steel heir-apparent Samuel A. Stafford Sr., when two 100 ton boulders fall on a bus filled with wartime steel workers on their way home.
- An airplane carrying prominent Ustashe general Jure Francetić crashes. Francetić dies as result of the injuries on December 27.
- December 24 – French Admiral Darlan, the former Vichy leader who has switched over to the Allies following the Torch landings, is assassinated in Algiers.
- December 27 – The Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia is founded.
- December 28 – North Atlantic Convoy ON 154 is heavily attacked by U-boats sinking thirteen ships.[25]
Date unknown
- DDT is first used as a pesticide.
- 1942 FIFA World Cup competition in Association football, which Nazi Germany sought to host, is not held, due to World War II.
Births
January
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- January 1
- Country Joe McDonald, American musician
- Gennadi Sarafanov, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2005)
- January 2
- Dennis Hastert, American politician, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
- Hugh Shelton, American military leader, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
- January 3
- László Sólyom, President of Hungary
- John Thaw, English actor (d. 2002)
- January 4
- Bolaji Akinyemi, Nigerian professor of political science
- Dame Marcela Contreras, Chilean-British immunologist and educator
- January 5
- Maurizio Pollini, Italian pianist
- Charlie Rose, American television anchor and talk show host
- January 7 – Vasily Alekseyev, Soviet weightlifter
- January 8
- Stephen Hawking, British physicist (d. 2018)
- Junichiro Koizumi, 56th Prime Minister of Japan
- Richard Beggs, American sound designer
- January 12 – Ramiro de León Carpio, 31st President of Guatemala (d. 2002)
- January 14 – Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal, Chief Justice of India
- January 16 – René Angélil, Canadian singer and manager (d. 2016)
- January 17
- Muhammad Ali, American boxer (d. 2016)
- Ulf Hoelscher, German violinist
- Antonio Fraguas de Pablo, Spanish graphic humorist (d. 2018)
- Ita Buttrose, Australian journalist
- January 19 – Michael Crawford, English actor, singer and entertainer
- January 22 – Amine Gemayel, 12th President of Lebanon
- January 23 – Salim Ahmed Salim, 4th Prime Minister of Tanzania
- January 25
- Carl Eller, American football player
- Eusébio, Mozambican Portuguese footballer (d. 2014)
- January 26 – Soad Hosny, Egyptian actress (d. 2001)
- January 27
- Tasuku Honjo, Japanese immunologist, Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine
- John Witherspoon, American actor and comedian
- January 28
- Hans Jürgen Bäumler, German figure skater, actor, pop singer and television host
- Erkki Pohjanheimo, Finnish TV-producer and director
- January 30 – Marty Balin, American singer, songwriter, and musician (d. 2018)
- January 31
- Daniela Bianchi, Italian actress
- Derek Jarman, English director and writer (d. 1994)
February
- February 1
- Bibi Besch, Austrian-American actress (d. 1996)
- Terry Jones, Welsh actor and writer
- February 2 – Graham Nash, English rock musician
- February 5 – Roger Staubach, American football player
- February 6 – Ahmad-Jabir Ahmadov Ismail oghlu, Azeri professor and academic
- February 9 – Carole King, American singer and composer
- February 10 – Howard Mudd, American offensive lineman & offensive line coach
- February 12
- Ehud Barak, Prime Minister of Israel
- Lionel Grigson, British jazz pianist, composer, writer, educator (d. 1994)
- February 13
- Carol Lynley, American actress
- Donald E. Williams, American astronaut (d. 2016)
- Peter Tork, American musician, performer
- February 14 – Michael Bloomberg, American businessman, philanthropist, and the founder of Bloomberg L.P., Mayor of New York City
- February 15 – Sherry Jackson, American actress
- February 19 – Paul Krause, American football player
- February 20
- Phil Esposito, Canadian hockey player
- Mitch McConnell, United States Senator (R-KY)
- February 21 – Margarethe von Trotta, German actress, film director, and writer
- February 24 – Joe Lieberman, American politician, longtime Connecticut Senator (1989–2013), and 2000 Democratic nominee for Vice President under Al Gore
- February 25 – Karen Grassle, American actress
- February 27 – Robert H. Grubbs, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- February 28
- Brian Jones, English musician (d. 1969)
- Dino Zoff, Italian footballer and manager
March
- March 2
- John Irving, American author
- Lou Reed, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2013)
- March 5 – Felipe González, Prime Minister of Spain
- March 7
- Tammy Faye Bakker, American evangelist, singer and television personality (d. 2007)
- Michael Eisner, American film studio executive
- Wiphot Phetchsuphan, Thai singer-songwriter
- March 9
- Pedro Bandeira, Brazilian children's author
- John Cale, Welsh composer and musician
- Bert Campaneris, Cuban-American baseball player
- March 12
- Ratko Mladić, former Bosnian Serb military leader
- Jimmy Wynn, American baseball player
- March 13
- Dave Cutler, American software engineer
- Scatman John, American musician (d. 1999)
- George Negus, Australian author, journalist, and television presenter
- March 15 – The Iron Sheik, Iranian-American wrestler
- March 16 – James Soong, Taiwan politician
- March 17 – John Wayne Gacy, American serial killer (d. 1994)
- March 18 – Ibrahim Coomassie, Nigerian police officer (d. 2018)
- March 20 – Earl Bramblett, American mass murderer (d. 2003)
- March 21 – Willie Brown, American football player and coach (d. 2018)
- March 23
- Walter Rodney, Guyanese historian and political figure
- Michael Haneke, Austrian director and screenwriter
- March 25
- Aretha Franklin, American singer (d. 2018)
- Richard O'Brien, English-New Zealand actor
- March 26
- Erica Jong, American author
- Ronald Bass, American screenwriter and film producer
- March 27
- John E. Sulston, British chemist; recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2018)
- Michael York, English actor
- March 28
- Neil Kinnock, British Labour leader
- Mike Newell, British film director
- Conrad Schumann, East German border guard (d. 1998)
- Jerry Sloan, American basketball coach
- Daniel Dennett, American philosopher
- March 29
- Scott Wilson, American actor (d. 2018)
- Kenichi Ogata, Japanese voice actor
- March 30 – Ruben Kun, Nauruan politician and former President of Nauru
April
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- April 1
- Chris Buttars, American politician (d. 2018)
- Samuel R. Delany, American science fiction author
- April 2
- Leon Russell, American singer, songwriter, pianist and guitarist (d. 2016)
- Roshan Seth, British actor
- Yury Yarov, Russian politician and a former deputy prime minister
- April 3
- Marsha Mason, American actress
- Wayne Newton, American entertainer and singer
- April 5 – Peter Greenaway, Welsh filmmaker
- April 6 – Barry Levinson, American film producer and director
- April 8
- Reidar Goa, Norwegian football player (d. 2018)
- Roger Chapman, British rock singer
- Douglas Trumbull, American film director and special effects artist
- April 9 – James Cowan, Australian novelist
- April 10
- Hayedeh, Iranian singer (d. 1990)
- Nick Auf der Maur, Canadian journalist and politician (d. 1998)
- April 12
- Jacob Zuma, President of South Africa
- Carlos Alberto Reutemann, Argentine racing driver and politician
- April 14
- Zola Skweyiya, South African politician (d. 2018)
- Valeriy Brumel, Russian athlete (d. 2003)
- Valentin Lebedev, Russian cosmonaut
- April 15
- Kenneth Lay, American businessman (d. 2006)
- Julie Sommars, American retired actress
- April 17
- Kenas Aroi, Nauruan politician
- Buster Williams, American jazz bassist
- April 19 – Frank Elstner, German television presenter
- April 20 – Arto Paasilinna, Finnish author
- April 21 – Geoffrey Palmer, 33rd Prime Minister of New Zealand
- April 22 – Rudolf Jaenisch, German-American biologist
- April 23
- Sandra Dee, American actress (d. 2005)
- Christian Frémont, French politician (d. 2014)
- April 24
- Juan Heredia Moreno, Spanish footballer (d. 2018)
- Barbra Streisand, American singer, actress, composer, and film director
- April 25
- Katsuji Adachi, Japanese professional wrestler (d. 2010)
- Jon Kyl, American politician; United States Senator
- April 26
- Claudine Auger, French actress
- Michael Kergin, Canadian diplomat
- Bobby Rydell, American singer
- April 27
- Ruth Glick, American writer
- Jim Keltner, American drummer
- April 30 – Sallehuddin of Kedah, Sultan of Kedah
May
- May 2 – Jacques Rogge, 8th President of the International Olympic Committee
- May 3 – Věra Čáslavská, Czech gymnast (d. 2016)
- May 5 – Tammy Wynette, American country singer (d. 1998)
- May 8
- Peter Corris, Australian academic, historian, journalist and a novelist (d. 2018)
- Terry Neill, Northern Irish footballer and football manager
- May 9 – John Ashcroft, United States Attorney General
- May 10 – Youssouf Sambo Bâ, Burkinabé politician
- May 12
- Fan Yew Teng, Malaysian politician and human rights activist (d. 2010)
- Ian Dury, British musician (d. 2000)
- May 15 – Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, 2-Time Prime Minister of Swaziland (d. 2018)
- May 17 – Taj Mahal, American singer and guitarist
- May 22
- Barbara Parkins, Canadian actress
- Rich Garcia, American Major League Baseball umpire
- May 23 – Gabriel Liiceanu, Romanian philosopher
- May 24
- Ichirō Ozawa, Japanese politician
- Fraser Stoddart, Scottish-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- May 28 – Stanley B. Prusiner, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- May 31 – Jahar Dasgupta, Indian painter
June
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- June 2
- June 2 Eduard Malofeyev, Russian football coach and former international player
- June 2 Alba Zaluar, Brazilian anthropologist specializing in urban anthropology
- June 3 – Curtis Mayfield, American musician (d. 1999)
- June 5 – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea and Chairperson of the African Union
- June 6 – Klaus Bednarz, German journalist and writer (d. 2015)
- June 8 – Jacques Dubochet, Swiss biophysicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- June 10
- Gordon Burns, British journalist and TV presenter
- Preston Manning, Canadian politician
- June 11 – Jeannette Vivian Corbiere Lavell, Canadian-Anishinaabe activist
- June 12 – Bert Sakmann, German physiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- June 14
- Abdulsalami Abubakar, President of Nigeria
- Roberto García-Calvo Montiel, Spanish judge
- June 16 – John Rostill, English bassist, musician and composer (d. 1973)
- June 17 – Mohamed El Baradei, Egyptian International Atomic Energy Agency director, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- June 18
- Roger Ebert, American film critic and television personality (d. 2013)
- Thabo Mbeki, South African politician and 12th President of South Africa
- Paul McCartney, English musician and composer
- Nick Tate, Australian actor
- Hans Vonk, Dutch conductor (d. 2004)
- June 20 – Brian Wilson, American singer-composer-producer
- June 21
- Ditlef Eckhoff, Norwegian Jazz musician
- T. D. Little, American politician\
- Marjorie Margolies, American politician
- Nicholas Santora, American criminal
- June 22
- Eumir Deodato, Brazilian pianist, composer, arranger and producer
- Chaudhry Amir Hussain, Pakistani politician
- George Banks, American spree killer
- Melquíades Morales, Mexican lawyer and politician
- Laila Freivalds, Swedish politician
- June 23
- Maria Fletcher, Miss America 1962
- Sardar Muhammad Jaffar Khan Leghari, Pakistani politician
- Edward Laboran, Papua New Guinean high jumper
- James Marcus, English actor
- June 24
- Michele Lee, American actress and singer
- Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, Chilean politician and 33rd President of Chile
- Ezio Della Savia, Italian swimmer
- June 25
- Willis Reed, American basketball player, coach and general manager
- Richard Stephen Ritchie, U.S. military officer
- Michel Tremblay, French-Canadian novelist and playwright
- Gaby Charroux, French politician
- June 26
- James J. Dillon, American professional wrestling manager
- Gilberto Gil, Brazilian singer, politician
- Conrad C. Lautenbacher, U.S Vice Admiral
- June 27 – Bruce Johnston, American singer and songwriter
- June 28
- Rupert Sheldrake, British biochemist
- Frank Zane, American professional bodybuilder and author
- June 29 – Charlotte Bingham, English novelist
- June 30
- Hans Jørgen Boye, Danish rower
- Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo, 4th President of Burkina Faso
- Friedrich von Thun, Austrian actor
July
- July 1
- Geneviève Bujold, Canadian actress
- Wim T. Schippers, Dutch artist, comedian, television director, and voice actor
- Timothy Yang, Taiwanese diplomat and politician
- Andraé Crouch, American gospel singer (d. 2015)
- July 2
- Vicente Fox, Mexican businessman, politician and 55th President of Mexico
- Mukhtar Shakhanov, Kazakh writer and lawmaker
- Ahmet Türk, Kurdish nationalist
- July 3
- Mitsuhiro Kitta, Japanese professional golfer
- Willie Porter, American basketball player
- Eddy Mitchell, French singer and actor
- July 4
- Floyd Little, American football player
- Prince Michael of Kent
- Arne Hegerfors, Swedish sports journalist and television presenter
- Minnie Minoprio, English actress, singer and showgirl
- July 5
- Motoaki Inukai, Japanese football player
- Louise Shaffer, American actress, script writer, and author
- Hannes Löhr, German footballer (d. 2016)
- July 6
- Raymond Depardon, French photographer, photojournalist and documentary filmmaker
- Ian Leslie, Australian television journalist and communicator
- Armaghan Subhani, Pakistani politician
- Wang Zhizhen, Chinese researcher
- Ian Leslie, Australian television journalist and corporate communicator
- July 7
- Carmen Duncan, Australian actress
- Abdul Hamid II, Pakistani field hockey player
- Thomas D. Pollard, American educator, cell biologist and biophysicist
- July 9 – Richard Roundtree, American actor
- July 10
- Mirjana Marković, Serbian politician
- Lopo do Nascimento, 1st Prime Minister of Angola
- Franz-Josef Hönig, German football player
- Pyotr Klimuk, Russian cosmonaut
- Sixto Rodriguez, American singer-songwriter
- Fong Seow Jit, Malaysian swimmer
- Orri Vigfússon, Icelandic entrepreneur and environmentalist (d. 2017)
- July 11
- Tomasz Stańko, Polish trumpeter, composer and improviser
- Jean Jourden, French cyclist
- Vitorino, Portuguese singer-songwriter
- July 13
- Elliot Ngok, Hong Kong actor
- Harrison Ford, American film actor
- Egbert Hirschfelder, German rower
- Roger McGuinn, American musician (The Byrds)
- July 14
- Ezza Agha Malak, Lebanese-French novelist, poet, critic and essayist
- Javier Solana, Spanish politician and diplomat
- July 15
- Mil Máscaras, Mexican professional wrestler
- Henk Nieuwkamp, Dutch cyclist
- July 16 – Margaret Court, Australian tennis player
- July 17 – Zoot Money, English vocalist, keyboardist and bandleader
- July 18 – Adolf Ogi, member of the Swiss Federal Council
- July 19 – Frederick Kantor, American physicist
- July 20 – Salvatore Lo Piccolo, Italian mafioso
- July 21
- Alfred Gomolka, German politician
- Véronique Vendell, French actress
- July 22 – Toyohiro Akiyama, Japanese TV journalist and astronaut
- July 23 – Myra Hindley, English multiple murderer (d. 2002)
- July 24 – Chris Sarandon, American actor
- July 26 – Hannelore Elsner, German actress
- July 27 – Dennis Ralston, American tennis player
- July 28 – Henry Wessel Jr., American photographer and educator (d. 2018)
August
- August 1
- Jerry Garcia, American musician (d. 1995)
- Giancarlo Giannini, Italian actor
- August 2 – Isabel Allende, Chilean writer
- August 4 – David Lange, 32nd Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 2005)
- August 6 – Evelyn Hamann, German actress (d. 2007)
- August 7
- Jane Fortune, American author, journalist, and philanthropist (d. 2018)
- Tobin Bell, American film and television actor
- Garrison Keillor, American writer and radio host
- August 13 – Arthur K. Cebrowski, American admiral (d. 2005)
- August 15 – Friede Springer, German publisher
- August 19 – Fred Thompson, American politician and actor (d. 2015)
- August 20 – Isaac Hayes, American singer and actor (d. 2008)
- August 23 – Susana Vieira, Brazilian actress
- August 24 – Hans Peter Korff, German actor
- August 26 – Chow Kwai Lam, Malaysian football player and manager (d. 2018)
- August 27 – Daryl Dragon, American musician
- August 28 – José Eduardo dos Santos, 2nd President of Angola
- August 29 – Sterling Morrison, American musician (d. 1995)
- August 31 – Isao Aoki, Japanese golfer
September
- September 1 – Aliyu Doma, Nigerian politician (d. 2018)
- September 3
- Michael Hui, Hong Kong film comedian
- Al Jardine, American musician
- September 5
- Björn Haugan, Norwegian operatic lyric tenor (d. 2009)
- Werner Herzog, German filmmaker
- September 7 – Alan Haskvitz, American educator
- September 8 – Želimir Žilnik, Serbian film director
- September 13 – Hissène Habré, 7th President of Chad
- September 14
- Arturo Macapagal, Filipino shooter (d. 2015)
- Bernard MacLaverty, Irish writer
- September 15
- Robert Lau Hoi Chew, Malaysian politician (d. 2010)
- Emmerson Mnangagwa, 3rd President of Zimbabwe
- Wen Jiabao, Premier of the People's Republic of China
- September 16 – Tadamasa Goto, Japanese yakuza boss
- September 17
- Des Lynam, British television host, presenter
- Lupe Ontiveros, American actress (d. 2012)
- September 18
- Gabriella Ferri, Italian singer
- Wolfgang Schäuble, German politician
- September 19 – Freda Payne, American singer and actress
- September 20 – Rose Francine Rogombé, Gabonese lawyer and politician (d. 2015)
- September 22
- Wu Ma, Chinese film actor, director, producer and writer
- Marlena Shaw, American jazz singer
- David Stern, American commissioner of the National Basketball Association
- September 24 – Ilkka "Danny" Lipsanen, Finnish singer
- September 28 – Tim Maia, Brazilian musician, songwriter and businessman (d. 1998)
- September 29
- Madeline Kahn, American actress (d. 1999)
- Ian McShane, English actor
- Jean-Luc Ponty, French jazz violinist
- September 30 – Frankie Lymon, American singer (d. 1968)
October
- October 1 – Günter Wallraff, German investigative journalist
- October 2 – Asha Parekh, Indian actress
- October 3
- Earl Hindman, American actor (d. 2003)
- Roberto Perfumo, Argentine footballer and sports commentator (d. 2016)
- October 6
- Britt Ekland, Swedish actress
- Fred Travalena, American comedian and impressionist (d. 2009)
- October 7
- Ronald Baecker, American computer scientist
- Joy Behar, American comedian and television personality
- October 8 – Stanley Bates, British actor and screenwriter
- October 10
- Janis Hansen, American singer and author (d. 2017)
- Radu Vasile, Prime Minister of Romania (d. 2013)
- October 11 – Amitabh Bachchan, Indian actor
- October 12 – Daliah Lavi, Israeli actress and singer (d. 2017)
- October 13
- Rutanya Alda, Latvian-American actress
- Jerry Jones, American football team owner
- October 14 – Evelio Javier, Filipino politician, lawyer, and civil servant (d. 1986)
- October 19 – Andrew Vachss, American author and attorney
- October 20 – Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, German biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- October 21 – Judith Sheindlin, American retired judge turned television personality (Judge Judy)
- October 22
- Bobby Fuller, American rock singer, songwriter, and guitarist (d. 1966)
- Annette Funicello, American actress and singer (d. 2013)
- October 23 – Michael Crichton, American author (d. 2008)
- October 24 – Frank Delaney, Irish-born novelist, journalist and broadcaster (d. 2017)
- October 26
- Bob Hoskins, British actor (d. 2014)
- Eili Sild, Estonian actress
- October 29 – Bob Ross, American painter and television presenter (d. 1995)
- October 31
- George Brizan, 8th Prime Minister of Grenada (d. 2012)
- David Ogden Stiers, American actor and voice-over artist (d. 2018)
November
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- November 1
- Larry Flynt, American publisher (Hustler)
- Ralph Klein, Canadian politician (d. 2013)
- Marcia Wallace, American actress and comedian (d. 2013)
- Michael Zaslow, American actor (d. 1998)
- November 2
- Shere Hite, American-born German sexologist
- Stefanie Powers, American actress
- November 5 – Pierangelo Bertoli, Italian singer-songwriter (d. 2002)
- November 6 – Jean Shrimpton, English model and actress
- November 7 – Tom Peters, American writer
- November 8
- Angel Cordero, Jr., Puerto Rican jockey
- Fernando Sorrentino, Argentine writer
- November 10
- Robert F. Engle, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- Hans-Rudolf Merz, Swiss federal councillor
- November 15 – Daniel Barenboim, Argentine-born pianist and conductor
- November 16 – Joanna Pettet, British-born Canadian actress
- November 17
- Derek Clayton, Australian long-distance runner
- Bob Gaudio, American musician
- Kang Kek Iew, Cambodian politician and criminal
- István Rosztóczy, Hungarian microbiologist (d. 1993)
- Martin Scorsese, American film director
- November 18
- Linda Evans, American actress
- Susan Sullivan, American actress
- November 20 – Joe Biden, American politician, 47th Vice President of the United States and longtime US Senator (D-De.)
- November 22
- Francis K. Butagira, Ugandan ambassador
- Dick Stockton, American sports announcer
- November 24 – Billy Connolly, Scottish comedian and singer
- November 25 – Rosa von Praunheim, German film director, author and painter
- November 27
- Manolo Blahnik, Spanish shoe designer
- Jimi Hendrix, American guitarist (d. 1970)
- November 28 – Paul Warfield, American football player
- November 29
- Michael Craze, British actor (d. 1998)
- Philippe Huttenlocher, Swiss baritone
- November 30 – André Brahic, French astrophysicist (d. 2016)
December
- December 2 – Francisque Ravony, 7th Prime Minister of Madagascar (d. 2003)
- December 3 – Alice Schwarzer, German feminist, founder and publisher of the German feminist journal EMMA
- December 4
- Al Hunt, American columnist
- Gemma Jones, British actress
- December 6
- Chelsea Brown, American actress (d. 2017)
- Peter Handke, Austrian novelist
- December 7
- Harry Chapin, American Singer-Songwriter (d. 1981)
- Reginald Lewis, American Businessman (d. 1993)
- Peter Tomarken, American game-show host (d. 2006)
- December 9 – Dick Butkus, American football player
- December 17
- Muhammadu Buhari, Nigerian army general and 15th President of Nigeria
- Paul Butterfield, American musician (d. 1987)
- December 19 – Milan Milutinovic, President of Serbia
- December 20 – Bob Hayes, American athlete (d. 2002)
- December 21
- December 27
- Charmian Carr, American actress (d. 2016)
- Thomas Menino, 53rd Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts (d. 2014)
- December 29 – Rajesh Khanna, Indian actor (d. 2012)
- December 30
- Betty Aberlin, American actress
- Allan Gotthelf, American philosopher (d. 2013)
- Michael Nesmith, American singer-songwriter, performer
- Janko Prunk, Slovenian historian
Date unknown
- Muammar Gaddafi, leader of Libya (d. 2011)
- Taher al-Masri, Prime Minister of Jordan
Deaths
January
- January 2 – Ivande Kaija, Soviet writer and feminist (b. 1876)
- January 3 – Charles Mann Hamilton, American politician (b. 1874)
- January 4
- Sydney Fairbrother, British actress (b. 1872)
- Mel Sheppard, American Olympic athlete (b. 1883)
- Otis Skinner, American actor (b. 1858)
- January 6
- Emma Calvé, French soprano (b. 1858)
- Henri de Baillet-Latour, 3rd President of the International Olympic Committee (b. 1876)
- January 8 – Chaudhry Afzal Haq, Indian writer and humanitarian (b. 1891)
- January 9
- Heber Doust Curtis, American astronomer (b. 1872)
- Jan Graliński, Polish general (b. 1895)
- January 13
- Vladimir Ignatowski, Soviet physicist (b. 1875)
- Emil Szramek, Polish Roman Catholic priest, martyr and saint (b. 1887)
- Albert Jean Baptiste Marie Vayssière, French biologist and scientist (b. 1854)
- January 14 – Porfirio Barba-Jacob, Colombian poet and writer (b. 1883)
- January 16
- Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, 2nd youngest son of Queen Victoria (b. 1850)
- Sir Jeremiah Colman, 1st Baronet, British industrialist (b. 1859)
- Carole Lombard, American actress (b. 1908)
- January 18 – James P. Parker, United States Navy commodore (b. 1855)
- January 21
- Christiaan Cornelissen, Dutch writer, economic and trade unionist (b. 1864)
- Isidoro Diéguez Dueñas, Spanish bricklayer (b. 1909)
- Jesús Larrañaga, Spanish communist leader (b. 1901)
- January 22
- Walter Sickert, British Impressionist painter (b. 1860)
- Racho Petrov, 12th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1861)
- January 23
- Prince Ludwig Gaston of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1870)
- Nazareno Strampelli, Italian agronomist and plant breeder (b. 1866)
- January 26 – Felix Hausdorff, German mathematician (suicide) (b. 1868)
- January 27 or January 28 – Kaarel Eenpalu, Prime Minister of Estonia (b. 1888)
- January 29 – Viktor Esbensen, Norwegian mariner (b. 1881)
February
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- February 2
- Ado Birk, 3rd Prime Minister of Estonia (b. 1883)
- Leonetto Cappiello, Italian poster designer and painter (b. 1875)
- February 7 – Dorando Pietri, Italian Olympic athlete (b. 1885)
- February 8 – Fritz Todt, Nazi German engineer (b. 1891)
- February 9 – Lauri Kristian Relander, 2nd President of Finland (b. 1883)
- February 11
- Jamnalal Bajaj, Indian industrialist and philanthropist (b. 1889)
- Ugo Pasquale Mifsud, 3rd Prime Minister of Malta (b. 1889)
- February 12 – Grant Wood, American painter (b. 1891)
- February 13
- Otakar Batlička, Czechoslovakian adventurer and journalist (b. 1895)
- Epitácio Pessoa, Brazil jurist and politician, 11th President of Brazil (b. 1865)
- February 14 – Mirosław Ferić, Polish pilot of the No. 303 Squadron in Northolt (b. 1915)
- February 16
- Giovanni Bartolena, Italian painter (b. 1886)
- Ettore Arrigoni degli Oddi, Italian ornithologist (b. 1867)
- February 19 – Frank Abbandando, American gangster (b. 1910)
- February 20 – Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa, Ruler of Bahrain (b. 1872)
- February 22 – Stefan Zweig, Austrian writer (b. 1881)
- February 27
- Robert William Chapman, Australian engineer and mathematician (b. 1866)
- Joseph Emile Harley, American army officer and politician (b. 1880)
- February 28 – Karel Doorman, Dutch admiral (b. 1889)
March
- March 1
- George S. Rentz, United States Navy Chaplain and Navy Cross winner (b. 1882)
- Cornelius Vanderbilt III, American military officer, inventor, and engineer (b. 1873)
- March 2
- Gustave Anjou, Swedish genealogist (b. 1863)
- Sergei Solovyov, Soviet Orthodox priest and blessed (b. 1885)
- March 3 – Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta, Italian nobleman and military officer, Viceroy of Italian East Africa (b. 1898)
- March 4 – Gheorghe Adamescu, Romanian historian and bibliographer (b. 1869)
- March 7 – Pierre Semard, French Communist leader (b. 1887)
- March 8 – José Raúl Capablanca, Cuban chess player (b. 1888)
- March 10 – Frederick Behre, American artist (b. 1863)
- March 11
- José Camprubí, Spanish publisher (b. 1879)
- Raoul Dandurand, Canadian politician (b. 1861)
- March 12
- Robert Bosch, German industrialist, engineer and inventor (b. 1861)
- William Henry Bragg, British physicist, chemist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1862)
- Enric Morera i Viura, Andorran composer (b. 1865)
- March 14
- René Bull, British illustrator and photographer (b. 1872)
- Friedrich Karl Georg Fedde, German botanist (b. 1873)
- March 15 – Vasile Demetrius, Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian writer, poet and translator (b. 1878)
- March 17 – Nada Dimić, Yugoslav Communist leader (b. 1923)
- March 20 – Vasily Kalafati, Soviet composer (b. 1869)
- March 21 – J. S. Woodsworth, Canadian politician (b. 1874)
- March 23
- Ludwig von Höhnel, Austrian naval officer and explorer (b. 1857)
- Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, 20th President of Argentina (b. 1868)
- March 26 – Gustav Hinrichs, German-born American conductor and composer (b. 1850)
- March 27
- Jannion Steele Elliott, British ornithologist and naturalist (b. 1871)
- John W. Wilcox, Jr., American admiral (lost overboard) (b. 1882)
- Julio González, Spanish sculptor and painter (b. 1876)
- March 28 – Miguel Hernández, Spanish poet and playwright (b. 1910)
April
- April 2 – Édouard Estaunié, French novelist (b. 1862)
- April 4
- James Bede, American politician (b. 1856)
- Jan Daszewski, Polish fighter pilot (b. 1916)
- April 6 – Isidro Michel López, Mexican military officer, leader of the Mexican Revolution (b. 1870)
- April 7 – Anandshankar Dhruv, Indian scholar, writer, educationist and editor (b. 1869)
- April 11 – Frederick Hobbs, New Zealand-born singer and actor (b. 1874)
- April 12 – Arnold Keppel, 8th Earl of Albemarle, British soldier and politician (b. 1858)
- April 13
- Julia Danzas, Soviet Roman Catholic religious leader and blessed (b. 1879)
- James Fergusson, British admiral (b. 1881)
- April 15
- Robert Musil, Austrian novelist (b. 1880)
- Joshua Pim, Irish tennis player (b. 1869)
- April 16 – Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, granddaughter of Queen Victoria (b. 1878)
- April 17
- Renward Brandstetter, Swiss philologist and linguist (b. 1860)
- Adolph Daniel Edward Elmer, American botanist (b. 1870)
- Jean Baptiste Perrin, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1870)
- April 18
- Grażyna Chrostowska, Polish poet and activist (b. 1921)
- Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, American heiress, socialite and sculptor (b. 1875)
- April 23 – Olga Benário Prestes, German-born Brazilian militant (b. 1908)
- April 24
- Camille du Gast, French pioneer (b. 1868)
- Deenanath Mangeshkar, Indian singer and composer (b. 1900)
- Lucy Maud Montgomery, Canadian writer (b. 1874)
- April 25 – Zygmunt Kisielewski, Polish writer (b. 1882)
- April 27 – Arthur L. Bristol, American admiral (b. 1886)
May
- May 3 – Thorvald Stauning, 9th Prime Minister of Denmark (b. 1873)
- May 4 – Józef Czempiel, Polish Roman Catholic priest, martyr and blessed (b. 1883)
- May 7
- José Abad Santos, Filipino chief justice of the Supreme Court (b. 1886)
- Felix Weingartner, Yugoslavian conductor (b. 1863)
- May 9 – Graham McNamee, American radio announcer (b. 1888)
- May 10 – Joe Weber, American vaudevillian (b. 1867)
- May 11 – Sakutarō Hagiwara, Japanese poet and writer (b. 1886)
- May 12 – Hannu Hannuksela, Finnish general (b. 1893)
- May 14 – Frank Churchill, American composer (b. 1901)
- May 16
- Kaneko Kentarō, Japanese diplomat and statesman (b. 1853)
- Bronisław Malinowski, Polish anthropologist (b. 1884)
- Maria Michał Kowalski, Polish priest and blessed (b. 1871)
- May 19 – A. E. Waite, British occultist (b. 1857)
- May 20
- John D. Craddock, American politician (b. 1881)
- Charles E. Dietrich, American politician (b. 1889)
- May 22
- Stjepan Filipović, Yugoslav national hero (b. 1916)
- Tateo Katō, Japanese fighter ace (b. 1903)
- May 24 – Ivan Horbachevsky, Austrian chemist and politician (b. 1854)
- May 25 – Emanuel Feuermann, Austrian cellist (b. 1902)
- May 27 – Chen Duxiu, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (b. 1879)
- May 29
- John Barrymore, American actor (b. 1882)
- Akiko Yosano, Japanese author and poet (b. 1878)
- May 30 – Félix Cadras, French lace designer and militant (b. 1906)
June
- June 4
- William Abercrombie, American naval officer and aviator, killed in action at the Battle of Midway (b. 1914)
- Eusebio Ayala, 29th President of Paraguay (1921–23, 1932–36) (b. 1875)
- Edgar R. Bassett, American naval officer, killed in action at the Battle of Midway (b. 1914)
- Harold John Ellison, American naval officer, killed in action at the Battle of Midway (b. 1917)
- Lofton R. Henderson, United States Marine Corps aviator and commanding officer of Marine Scout Bomber Squadron 241 (VMSB-241); killed in action at the Battle of Midway (b. 1903)
- Reinhard Heydrich, headed the Nazi Reich Main Security Office and was Reich governor of Bohemia and Moravia (b. 1904)
- John C. Waldron, United States Navy aviator and commander of Torpedo Squadron 8, killed in action at the Battle of Midway (b. 1900)
- Tamon Yamaguchi, Japanese admiral, killed in action at the Battle of Midway (b. 1892)
- June 5 – Virginia Lee Corbin, American actress (b. 1910)
- June 7 – Alan Blumlein, British electronics engineer (b. 1903)
- June 11
- Charles Berthézenne, French politician (b. 1871)
- Michael Kitzelmann, German army officer (b. 1916)
- June 14 – Fyodor Braun, Soviet-born German scholar (b. 1862)
- June 18 – David Hawthorne, British actor (b. 1888)
- June 19
- Ahmad II of Tunis, Ruler of Tunisia (b. 1862)
- Frank Irons, American Olympic athlete (b. 1886)
- June 21 – Pope John XIX of Alexandria (b. 1855)
- June 22 – Branko Kadia, Jordan Misja and Perlat Rexhepi, Albanian student activists
- June 23 – William Couper, American sculptor (b. 1853)
- June 25
- Arthur Anderson, Australian architect (b. 1868)
- Zénon Bernard, Luxembourgish communist politician (b. 1893)
- June 26
- John Gary Evans, American politician (b. 1863)
- Stanisław Skarżyński, Polish army officer (b. 1899)
- Gene Stack, 1st American major league baseball player to be drafted during World War II as well as the first to die in service (b. 1920)
- June 30
- Billy Bennett, American actor (b. 1887)
- William Henry Jackson, American photographer (b. 1843)
July
- July 1
- Peadar Toner Mac Fhionnlaoich, Irish-language writer (b. 1857)
- Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski, Polish general, diplomat and politician, Interim President of Poland (b. 1881)
- July 2
- Rudi Čajavec, Yugoslav poet (b. 1911)
- Joseph Domachowski, American politician (b. 1872)
- July 4 – Józef Kowalski, Polish Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1911)
- July 8
- Louis Franchet d'Espèrey, French general (b. 1856)
- Refik Saydam, 4th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1881)
- July 9
- Kelly Harrell, American surburbia musician (b. 1889)
- Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus, Brazilian Roman Catholic religious sister and saint (b. 1865)
- July 12 – Mary Hayden, Irish historian and activist (b. 1862)
- July 13 – Joaquín Sánchez de Toca, Spanish conservative politician and Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1852)
- July 14 – Sébastien Faure, French anarchist and activist (b. 1858)
- July 15
- Wenceslao Vinzons, Filipino politician and resistance leader (bayoneted to death) (b. 1910)
- Roberto María Ortiz, 24th President of Argentina (b. 1886)
- July 16 – Alfred William Flux, British economist and statistician (b. 1867)
- July 17 – Tinus de Jongh, South African painter (b. 1885)
- July 18
- George Beeby, Australian politician, judge and author (b. 1869)
- George Sutherland, British-born American Supreme Court Justice (b. 1862)
- July 23
- Arístides Chavier Arévalo, Puerto Rican composer and pianist (b. 1867)
- Adam Czerniaków, Polish engineer and senator (suicide) (b. 1880)
- July 24 – Edwin Cooper, British architect (b. 1874)
- July 25 – Tom Reynolds, British actor (b. 1866)
- July 26
- Roberto Arlt, Argentine writer (b. 1900)
- Titus Brandsma, Dutch Discalced Carmelite friar, Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1881)
- July 28 – Flinders Petrie, British Egyptologist (b. 1853)
- July 29 – Louis Borno, Haitian lawyer and politician, 28th President of Haiti (b. 1865)
- July 30
- Jimmy Blanton, American bassist (b. 1918)
- Leopold Mandić, Yugoslav Capuchin friar and Roman Catholic priest and saint (b. 1866)
- July 31 – Jožka Jabůrková, Czechoslovakan journalist, writer and translator (b. 1896)
August
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- August 3
- Franciszka Arnsztajnowa, Polish poet and playwright (b. 1865)
- James Cruze, American actor and director (b. 1884)
- Guglielmo Ferrero, Italian historian, journalist and novelist (b. 1871)
- Gustav Indrebø, Norwegian philologist (b. 1889)
- Richard Willstätter, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1872)
- August 7
- Louis J. Carpellotti, American marine (b. 1918)
- Charles E. Ford, American film director and producer (b. 1899)
- Janusz Korczak, Polish educator, author and pediatrician (b. 1878)
- August 8 – Leopold Janikowski, Polish explorer and ethnographer (b. 1855)
- August 9 – Terea Benedicta of the Cross, German philosopher, Roman Catholic nun, martyr and saint (assassinated) (b. 1891)
- August 10 – Kazimierz Dembowski, Polish Roman Catholic clergyman and martyr (b. 1912)
- August 12
- Pasquale Amato, Italian baritone (b. 1878)
- Mykola Burachek, Soviet painter (b. 1871)
- Phillips Holmes, American actor (b. 1907)
- August 13
- Jorge Cuesta, Mexican chemist, writer and editor (b. 1903)
- Elina González Acha de Correa Morales, Argentinian educator, scientist and activist (b. 1861)
- August 15 – Mahadev Desai, Indian independence activist and writer (b. 1892)
- August 16 – André Heuzé, French director, screenwriter and playwright (b. 1880)
- August 18
- Agathe Lasch, German philologist (b. 1879)
- Henry DeWitt Hamilton, American general (b. 1863)
- August 21 – Kiyonao Ichiki, Japanese army officer (killed in action) (b. 1892)
- August 22 – Michel Fokine, Soviet choreographer and dancer (b. 1880)
- August 23
- Jorge Colaço, Portuguese painter (b. 1868)
- Franciszek Dachtera, Polish Roman Catholic priest, martyr and blessed (b. 1910)
- August 24
- Doyle Clayton Barnes, American naval aviator (b. 1912)
- Edward Kaźmierski, Polish Roman Catholic priest, martyr and blessed (b. 1919)
- August 25
- Prince George, Duke of Kent, 4th eldest son of George V (b. 1902)
- Józef Lewartowski, Polish politician and revolutionary (b. 1895)
- August 26 – Irena Bernášková, Czechoslovakian journalist and resistance member (b. 1904)
- August 28 – Archduke Joseph Ferdinand of Austria (b. 1872)
- August 29
- Charles Urban, American film producer (b. 1867)
- Fabio Fiallo, Dominican writer, poet and politician (b. 1866)
- Dominik Jędrzejewski, Polish Roman Catholic priest, martyr and blessed (b. 1886)
- August 30 – Martin Kirschner, German surgeon (b. 1869)
September
Blessed Adam Bargielski
Blessed Bronisław Kostkowski
- September 1 – Clotilde Apponyi, Hungarian women's rights activist and diplomat (b. 1867)
- September 3 – Rubén Ruiz Ibárruri, Spanish communist leader (b. 1920)
- September 4 – Herbert A. Calcaterra, American navy sailor (b. 1920)
- September 5 – François de Labouchère, French pilot (b. 1917)
- September 7 – Cecilia Beaux, American portraitist (b. 1855)
- September 8 – Adam Bargielski, Polish Roman Catholic priest, martyr and blessed (b. 1903)
- September 14
- Sister Fausta Labrador, Filipino Roman Catholic nun and Servant of God (b. 1858)
- Ezra Seymour Gosney, American philanthropist and eugenicist (b. 1855)
- September 20 – Kanaklata Barua, Indian freedom fighter (b. 1924)
- September 27
- Fernando Díaz de Mendoza y Guerrero, Spanish actor (b. 1897)
- Bronisław Kostkowski, Polish Roman Catholic priest, martyr and blessed (b. 1915)
- September 29 – Matangini Hazra, Indian revolutionary (shot) (b. 1870)
- September 30
- Hans-Joachim Marseille, German World War II fighter ace (b. 1919)
- Leonīds Breikšs, Soviet poet, journalist and patriot (b. 1908)
October
Blessed Maria Antonina Kratochwil
- October 1 – Ants Piip, 7th Prime Minister and 1st State Elder of Estonia (b. 1884)
- October 2 – Alois Eliáš, Czech general and politician (b. 1890)
- October 3
- Ludwik Ćwikliński, Prussian philologist and professor (b. 1853)
- Olaf Huseby, Norwegian-born American publisher (b. 1856)
- October 5 – Giuseppe Cassioli, Italian painter and sculptor (b. 1865)
- October 6
- Siegmund Glücksmann, German politician (b. 1884)
- Lorenzo Aguirre, Spanish painter (b. 1884)
- Wacław Wąsowicz, Polish painter (b. 1891)
- October 7 – Maria Antonina Kratochwil, Polish Roman Catholic nun, martyr and blessed (b. 1881)
- October 9 – William T. Hanna, American marine (b. 1920)
- October 12 – Aritomo Gotō, Japanese admiral (killed in action) (b. 1888)
- October 15 – Dame Marie Tempest, British actress (b. 1864)
- October 18 – Federico Ferrari Orsi, Italian army officer (b. 1886)
- October 19 – Paul Nikolaus Cossmann, German journalist (b. 1869)
- October 20 – May Robson, Australian actress (b. 1858)
- October 22 – Staf De Clercq, Belgian collaborator and nationalist (b. 1884)
- October 23 – Ralph Rainger, American composer and songwriter (b. 1901)
- October 24
- Dimitri Amilakhvari, French military officer (b. 1906)
- St John Hutchinson, British barrister and politician (b. 1884)
- James C. Morton, American actor (b. 1884)
- October 28 – Alexander von Dassel, German magistrate (b. 1854)
- October 31 – Emilio Caldara, Italian politician (b. 1868)
November
- November 1 – Hugo Distler, German composer (b. 1908)
- November 2 – Elihu Grant, American scholar and writer (b. 1873)
- November 3
- Eric Abrahamsson, Swedish actor (b. 1890)
- Amédé Ardoin, American musician (b. 1898)
- November 4 – Andrew F. Cook, Jr., American army officer (b. 1920)
- November 5 – George M. Cohan, American songwriter and entertainer (b. 1878)
- November 9 – Edna May Oliver, American actress (b. 1883)
- November 11
- Hector Abbas, Dutch actor (b. 1884)
- Merton Beckwith-Smith, British army officer (b. 1890)
- November 12 – Laura Hope Crews, American actress (b. 1879)
- November 13
- Daniel J. Callaghan, American admiral and Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1890)
- Norman Scott, American admiral and Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1889)
- November 15 – Prince Heinrich XXXIII Reuss of Köstritz (b. 1879)
- November 16 – Joseph Schmidt, Polish tenor (b. 1904)
- November 19
- Ilya Fondaminsky, Soviet author (b. 1880)
- Bruno Schulz, Polish writer and painter (shot) (b. 1892)
- November 21 – Count Leopold Berchtold, Austro-Hungarian foreign minister (b. 1863)
- November 23
- Tomitarō Horii, Japanese general (b. 1890)
- Hernando Siles Reyes, Bolivian politician, 31st President of Bolivia (b. 1882)
- November 24
- Guido Masiero, Italian World War I flying ace and aviation pioneer (b. 1895)
- Francesco Agello, Italian aviator (b. 1902)
- November 25
- Mihail Dragomirescu, Romanian aesthetician, theorist and critic (b. 1868)
- Clarence Lee Evans, American naval officer, killed in battle at the Battle of Guadalcanal (b. 1923)
- November 26
- Mohammad Ali Foroughi, Iranian diplomat, politician, teacher and writer, 3-time Prime Minister of Iran (b. 1877)
- Sigtryggur Jonasson, Canadian politician (b. 1852)
- November 27 – Hermann Harms, German botanist (b. 1870)
- November 28 – Marceli Nowotko, Polish activist (b. 1893)
- November 29 – William Stamps Farish II, American pioneer (b. 1881)
- November 30 – Buck Jones, American actor (b. 1891)
December
- December 3 – Wilhelm Junk, Czechoslovakian natural historian, bibliographer and entomologist (b. 1866)
- December 5 – Richard Tucker, American actor (b. 1884)
- December 6
- Karl Herxheimer, German dermatologist (b. 1861)
- Amos Rusie, American baseball player and MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1871)
- December 7 – Orland Steen Loomis, Governor of Wisconsin (b. 1893)
- December 8
- Prince Eitel Friedrich of Prussia (b. 1883)
- Albert Kahn, American architect (b. 1869)
- December 9 – Séraphine Louis, French painter (b. 1864)
- December 12
- Robert Danneberg, Austrian politician (b. 1882)
- Helen Westley, American actress (b. 1875)
- December 13
- Hakeem Fateh Mohammad Sehwani, Indian scholar, poet, literary, journalist and politician (b. 1882)
- Wlodimir Ledóchowski, Polish Jesuit priest and servant of God (b. 1866)
- December 19 – Carl Gustav Fleischer, Norwegian general (b. 1883)
- December 21 – Franz Boas, German anthropologist (b. 1858)
- December 22 – Robert Kosch, Prussian general (b. 1856)
- December 23 – Konstantin Balmont, Soviet poet and translator (b. 1867)
- December 24 – François Darlan, French admiral and politician, 81st Prime Minister of France (assassinated) (b. 1881)
- December 27 – William G. Morgan, American inventor of volleyball (b. 1870)
- December 30 – Nevile Henderson, British diplomat (b. 1882)
Date Unknown
- Habib Pacha Es-Saad, 3rd Prime Minister and 2nd President of Lebanon (b. 1867)
References
- ↑ "'I Came Through; I Shall Return'". The Advertiser. Adelaide. 21 March 1942. p. 1. Retrieved 2013-03-20.
- ↑ Великая Отечественная: когда захороним последнего солдата?. Russia Today (in Russian). Archived from the original on 13 January 2013. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
- ↑ "Iran and the Polish Exodus from Russia 1942". parstimes. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
- ↑ Qobil, Rustam (2017-05-09). "Why were 101 Uzbeks killed in the Netherlands in 1942?". BBC. Retrieved 2017-05-09.
- ↑ Musial, Bogdan, ed. (2004). "Treblinka - ein Todeslager der "Aktion Reinhard"". Aktion Reinhard" - Die Vernichtung der Juden im Generalgouvernement. Osnabrück. pp. 257–281.
- ↑ Niewyk, Donald L.; Nicosia, Francis R. (2000). The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. Columbia University Press. p. 210. ISBN 0-231-11200-9.
- ↑ Quigley, Carroll (1966). Tragedy And Hope. New York: Macmillan. p. 745. ISBN 0-945001-10-X.
- ↑ Morton, Louis (1953). The Fall of the Philippines. U.S. Army in World War II: The War in the Pacific. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. pp. 560–561. CMH Pub 5-2.
- ↑ Forczyk, Robert (2008). Sevastopol 1942, Von Manstein's triumph. pp. 35–37. ISBN 978-1-84603-221-9.
- ↑ "8th Air Force during WWII in the ETO: facts, statistics, history and useful information".
- ↑ "Eerste aanval VIII Bomber Command". August 16, 2011.
- ↑ Rohwer, J.; Hummelchen, G. (1992). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939-1945. Naval Institute Press. p. 153. ISBN 978-1-55750-105-9.
- ↑ Milner, Marc (1985). North Atlantic Run. Naval Institute Press. pp. 148–150. ISBN 0-87021-450-0.
- ↑ Langley, Mike (1988). Anders Lassen VC MC. London: New English Library. ISBN 0450424928.
- ↑ Lewis, Damien (2014). Churchill's Secret Warriors: The Explosive True Story of the Special Forces... London: Quercus. ISBN 9781848669178.
- ↑ "On One Clear Day: The Story of Jewish Wolbrom".
- ↑ Milner, Marc (1985). North Atlantic Run. Naval Institute Press. pp. 159–163. ISBN 0-87021-450-0.
- ↑ Muggenthaler, August Karl (1977). German Raiders of WWII. Prentice-Hall. pp. 241–242. ISBN 0-13-354027-8.
- ↑ Rohwer, J.; Hummelchen, G. (1992). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939-1945. Naval Institute Press. p. 167. ISBN 1-55750-105-X.
- ↑ Simpson, John (2000). A Mad World, My Masters. London: Macmillan. ISBN 9780333724200.
- ↑ Edwards, Bernard (1999). Dönitz and the Wolf Packs. Brockhampton Press. p. 115. ISBN 1-86019-927-5.
- ↑ Waters, John M., Jr. (1967). Bloody Winter. Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand Company. pp. 38–55.
- ↑ Blair, Clay (1998). Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunted 1942-1945. Random House. pp. 118–120. ISBN 0-679-45742-9.
- ↑ Dawson, Jeff (2005). Dead Reckoning: The Dunedin Star Disaster. London, UK: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-7538-2044-7. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
- ↑ "Convoy ONS 154". J. Gordon Mumford. Retrieved 2010-12-02.
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