July 30

July 30 is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 154 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 762 – Baghdad is founded.
• 1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council.
• 1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off the coast of Honduras during his fourth voyage.
• 1609 – Beaver Wars: At Ticonderoga (now Crown Point, New York), Samuel de Champlain shoots and kills two Iroquois chiefs on behalf of his native allies.
• 1619 – In Jamestown, Virginia, the first representative assembly in the Americas, the House of Burgesses, convenes for the first time.
• 1626 – An earthquake in Naples, Italy, kills about 10,000 people.
• 1635 – Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Schenkenschans begins; Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, begins the recapture of the strategically important fortress from the Spanish Army.
• 1656 – Swedish forces under the command of King Charles X Gustav defeat the forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth at the Battle of Warsaw.
• 1676 – Nathaniel Bacon issues the "Declaration of the People of Virginia", beginning Bacon's Rebellion against the rule of Governor William Berkeley.
• 1729 – Founding of Baltimore, Maryland.
• 1733 – The first Masonic Grand Lodge in the future United States is constituted in Massachusetts.
• 1756 – In Saint Petersburg, Bartolomeo Rastrelli presents the newly built Catherine Palace to Empress Elizabeth and her courtiers.
• 1811 – Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, leader of the Mexican insurgency, is executed by the Spanish in Chihuahua City, Mexico.
• 1825 – Malden Island is discovered by captain George Byron, 7th Baron Byron.
• 1859 – First ascent of Grand Combin, one of the highest summits in the Alps.
• 1863 – American Indian Wars: Representatives of the United States and tribal leaders including Chief Pocatello (of the Shoshone) sign the Treaty of Box Elder.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of the Crater: Union forces attempt to break Confederate lines at Petersburg, Virginia by exploding a large bomb under their trenches.
• 1865 – The steamboat Brother Jonathan sinks off the coast of Crescent City, California, killing 225 passengers, the deadliest shipwreck on the Pacific Coast of the U.S. at the time.
• 1866 – Armed Confederate veterans in New Orleans riot against a meeting of Radical Republicans, killing 48 people and injuring another 100.
• 1871 – The Staten Island Ferry Westfield's boiler explodes, killing over 85 people.
• 1912 – Japan's Emperor Meiji dies and is succeeded by his son Yoshihito, who is now known as the Emperor Taishō.
• 1930 – In Montevideo, Uruguay wins the first FIFA World Cup.
• 1932 – Premiere of Walt Disney's Flowers and Trees, the first cartoon short to use Technicolor and the first Academy Award winning cartoon short.
• 1945 – World War II: Japanese submarine I-58 sinks the USS Indianapolis, killing 883 seamen. Most die during the following four days, until an aircraft notices the survivors.
• 1956 – A joint resolution of the U.S. Congress is signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, authorizing In God We Trust as the U.S. national motto.
• 1962 – The Trans-Canada Highway, the longest national highway in the world, is officially opened.
• 1965 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Social Security Act of 1965 into law, establishing Medicare and Medicaid.
• 1966 – England defeats West Germany to win the 1966 FIFA World Cup at Wembley Stadium after extra time.
• 1969 – Vietnam War: US President Richard Nixon makes an unscheduled visit to South Vietnam and meets with President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu and U.S. military commanders.
• 1971 – Apollo program: Apollo 15 Mission: David Scott and James Irwin on the Apollo Lunar Module Falcon land on the Moon with the first Lunar Rover.
• 1971 – An All Nippon Airways Boeing 727 and a Japanese Air Force F-86 collide over Morioka, Iwate, Japan killing 162.
• 1974 – Watergate scandal: U.S. President Richard Nixon releases subpoenaed White House recordings after being ordered to do so by the Supreme Court of the United States.
• 1975 – Jimmy Hoffa disappears from the parking lot of the Machus Red Fox restaurant in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit, at about 2:30 p.m. He is never seen or heard from again.
• 1978 – The 730 (transport), Okinawa Prefecture changes its traffic on the right-hand side of the road to the left-hand side.
• 1980 – Vanuatu gains independence.
• 1980 – Israel's Knesset passes the Jerusalem Law.
• 1981 – As many as 50,000 demonstrators, mostly women and children, took to the streets in Łódź to protest food ration shortages in Communist Poland.
• 2003 – In Mexico, the last 'old style' Volkswagen Beetle rolls off the assembly line.
• 2006 – The world's longest running music show Top of the Pops is broadcast for the last time on BBC Two. The show had aired for 42 years.
• 2011 – Marriage of Queen Elizabeth II’s eldest grand-daughter Zara Phillips to former rugby player Mike Tindall.
• 2012 – A train fire kills 32 passengers and injures 27 on the Tamil Nadu Express in Andhra Pradesh, India.
• 2012 – A power grid failure in Delhi leaves more than 300 million people without power in northern India.
• 2014 – One hundred and fifty people are trapped after a landslide in Maharashtra, India; 20 are killed.

Births

• 1470 – Hongzhi, emperor of the Ming dynasty (d. 1505)
• 1511 – Giorgio Vasari, Italian painter, historian, and architect (d. 1574)
• 1549 – Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1609)
• 1641 – Regnier de Graaf, Dutch physician and anatomist (d. 1673)
• 1751 – Maria Anna Mozart, Austrian pianist (d. 1829)
• 1763 – Samuel Rogers, English poet and art collector (d. 1855)
• 1809 – Charles Chiniquy, Canadian-American priest and theologian (d. 1899)
• 1818 – Emily Brontë, English novelist and poet (d. 1848)
• 1818 – Jan Heemskerk, Dutch lawyer and politician, 16th and 19th Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1897)
• 1825 – Chaim Aronson, Lithuanian engineer and author (d. 1893)
• 1832 – George Lemuel Woods, American lawyer, judge, and politician, 3rd Governor of Oregon (d. 1890)
• 1855 – Georg Wilhelm von Siemens, German-Swiss businessman (d. 1919)
• 1857 – Thorstein Veblen, American economist and sociologist (d. 1929)
• 1859 – Henry Simpson Lunn, English minister and humanitarian, founded Lunn Poly (d. 1939)
• 1862 – Nikolai Yudenich, Russian general (d. 1933)
• 1863 – Henry Ford, American engineer and businessman, founded the Ford Motor Company (d. 1947)
• 1872 – Princess Clémentine of Belgium (d. 1955)
• 1881 – Smedley Butler, American general, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1940)
• 1890 – Casey Stengel, American baseball player and manager (d. 1975)
• 1893 – Fatima Jinnah, Pakistani dentist and politician (d. 1967)
• 1898 – Henry Moore, English sculptor and illustrator (d. 1986)
• 1899 – Gerald Moore, English pianist (d. 1987)
• 1901 – Alfred Lépine, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1955)
• 1904 – Salvador Novo, Mexican poet and playwright (d. 1974)
• 1909 – C. Northcote Parkinson, English historian and author (d. 1993)
• 1910 – Edgar de Evia, Mexican-American photographer (d. 2003)
• 1913 – Lou Darvas, American soldier and cartoonist (d. 1987)
• 1914 – Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin, Irish journalist and author, 6th President of the International Olympic Committee (d. 1999)
• 1920 – Walter Schuck, German lieutenant and pilot (d. 2015)
• 1921 – Grant Johannesen, American pianist and educator (d. 2005)
• 1922 – Henry W. Bloch, American banker and businessman, co-founded H&R Block
• 1925 – Stan Stennett, Welsh actor and trumpet player (d. 2013)
• 1925 – Alexander Trocchi, Scottish author and poet (d. 1984)
• 1927 – Richard Johnson, English actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2015)
• 1927 – Pete Schoening, American mountaineer (d. 2004)
• 1927 – Victor Wong, American actor (d. 2001)
• 1928 – Joe Nuxhall, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2007)
• 1929 – Sid Krofft, Canadian-American puppeteer and producer
• 1931 – Dominique Lapierre, French historian and author
• 1934 – Bud Selig, 9th Major League Baseball Commissioner
• 1936 – Buddy Guy, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1936 – Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz
• 1938 – Hervé de Charette, French politician, French Minister of Foreign Affairs
• 1938 – Terry O'Neill, English photographer
• 1939 – Peter Bogdanovich, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1939 – Eleanor Smeal, American activist, founded the Feminist Majority Foundation
• 1940 – Patricia Schroeder, American lawyer and politician
• 1940 – Clive Sinclair, English businessman, founded Sinclair Radionics and Sinclair Research
• 1941 – Paul Anka, Canadian singer-songwriter and actor
• 1942 – Pollyanna Pickering, English environmentalist and painter (d. 2018)
• 1943 – Henri-François Gautrin, Canadian physicist and politician
• 1944 – Gerry Birrell, Scottish race car driver (d. 1973)
• 1944 – Peter Bottomley, English politician
• 1944 – Frances de la Tour, English actress
• 1945 – Patrick Modiano, French novelist and screenwriter, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1945 – David Sanborn, American saxophonist and composer
• 1946 – Neil Bonnett, American race car driver and sportscaster (d. 1994)
• 1946 – Jeffrey Hammond, English bass player
• 1947 – William Atherton, American actor and producer
• 1947 – Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, French virologist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1947 – Jonathan Mann, American physician and author (d. 1998)
• 1947 – Arnold Schwarzenegger, Austrian-American bodybuilder, actor, and politician, 38th Governor of California
• 1948 – Billy Paultz, American basketball player
• 1948 – Jean Reno, Moroccan-French actor
• 1948 – Otis Taylor, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1948 – Julia Tsenova, Bulgarian pianist and composer (d. 2010)
• 1949 – Duck Baker, American guitarist
• 1949 – Sonia Proudman, English lawyer and judge
• 1950 – Harriet Harman, English lawyer and politician
• 1950 – Frank Stallone, American singer-songwriter and actor
• 1951 – Alan Kourie, South African cricketer
• 1951 – Gerry Judah, Indian-English painter and sculptor
• 1952 – Stephen Blackmore, English botanist and author
• 1954 – Ken Olin, American actor, director, and producer
• 1955 – Rat Scabies, English drummer and producer
• 1955 – Christopher Warren-Green, English violinist and conductor
• 1956 – Delta Burke, American actress
• 1956 – Réal Cloutier, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1956 – Anita Hill, American lawyer and academic
• 1956 – Soraida Martinez, American painter and educator
• 1957 – Antonio Adamo, Italian director and cinematographer
• 1957 – Bill Cartwright, American basketball player and coach
• 1957 – Clint Hurdle, American baseball player and manager
• 1957 – Nery Pumpido, Argentinian footballer, coach, and manager
• 1958 – Kate Bush, English singer-songwriter and producer
• 1958 – Daley Thompson, English decathlete and trainer
• 1960 – Jennifer Barnes, American-English musicologist and academic
• 1960 – Richard Linklater, American director and screenwriter
• 1960 – Brillante Mendoza, Filipino independent film director
• 1961 – Laurence Fishburne, American actor and producer
• 1962 – Alton Brown, American chef, author, and producer
• 1962 – Jay Feaster, American ice hockey player and manager
• 1962 – Yakub Memon, Indian accountant and terrorist (d. 2015)
• 1963 – Peter Bowler, English-Australian cricketer
• 1963 – Lisa Kudrow, American actress and producer
• 1963 – Antoni Martí, Andorran architect and politician
• 1963 – Chris Mullin, American basketball player and manager
• 1964 – Ron Block, American singer-songwriter and banjo player
• 1964 – Vivica A. Fox, American actress
• 1964 – Alek Keshishian, Lebanese-American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1964 – Jürgen Klinsmann, German footballer and manager
• 1964 – Laine Randjärv, Estonian lawyer and politician, 6th Estonian Minister of Culture
• 1965 – Tim Munton, English cricketer
• 1966 – Kerry Fox, New Zealand actress and screenwriter
• 1966 – Craig Gannon, English guitarist and songwriter
• 1966 – Allan Langer, Australian rugby league player and coach
• 1966 – Louise Wener, English author and singer-songwriter
• 1968 – Terry Crews, American football player and actor
• 1968 – Robert Korzeniowski, Polish race walker and coach
• 1968 – Sean Moore, Welsh drummer and songwriter
• 1969 – Simon Baker, Australian actor, director, and producer
• 1969 – Errol Stewart, South African cricketer and lawyer
• 1970 – Alun Cairns, Welsh businessman and politician
• 1970 – Dean Edwards, American comedian, actor, and singer
• 1970 – Christopher Nolan, English-American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1971 – Elvis Crespo, American-Puerto Rican singer
• 1971 – Tom Green, Canadian comedian and actor
• 1972 – Jim McIlvaine, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1973 – Kenton Cool, English mountaineer
• 1973 – Ümit Davala, Turkish footballer and manager
• 1973 – Anastasios Katsabis, Greek footballer
• 1973 – Markus Näslund, Swedish ice hockey player and manager
• 1973 – Sonu Nigam, Indian playback singer and actor
• 1973 – Clementa C. Pinckney, American minister and politician (d. 2015)
• 1974 – Radostin Kishishev, Bulgarian footballer and manager
• 1974 – Jason Robinson, English rugby player and coach
• 1974 – Hilary Swank, American actress and producer
• 1975 – Graham Nicholls, English author and activist
• 1975 – Kate Starbird, American basketball player and computer scientist
• 1977 – Diana Bolocco, Chilean model and journalist;
• 1977 – Misty May-Treanor, American volleyball player and coach
• 1977 – Jaime Pressly, American actress
• 1977 – Bootsy Thornton, American basketball player
• 1977 – Ian Watkins, Welsh singer-songwriter and child abuse convict
• 1979 – Carlos Arroyo, Puerto Rican basketball player and singer
• 1979 – Chad Keegan, South African cricketer and coach
• 1979 – Graeme McDowell, Northern Irish golfer
• 1979 – Maya Nasser, Syrian journalist (d. 2012)
• 1980 – Seth Avett, American folk-rock singer-songwriter and musician
• 1980 – Justin Rose, South African-English golfer
• 1981 – Nicky Hayden, American motorcycle racer (d. 2017)
• 1981 – Juan Smith, South African rugby player
• 1981 – Hope Solo, American soccer player
• 1981 – Indrek Turi, Estonian decathlete
• 1982 – Jehad Al-Hussain, Syrian footballer
• 1982 – James Anderson, English cricketer
• 1983 – Seán Dillon, Irish footballer
• 1984 – Marko Asmer, Estonian race car driver
• 1984 – Gabrielle Christian, American actress and singer
• 1984 – Kevin Pittsnogle, American basketball player
• 1985 – Chris Guccione, Australian tennis player
• 1985 – Daniel Fredheim Holm, Norwegian footballer
• 1985 – Luca Lanotte, Italian ice dancer
• 1985 – Matthew Scott, Australian rugby league player
• 1986 – Tiago Alencar, Brazilian footballer
• 1986 – William Zillman, Australian rugby league player
• 1987 – Anton Fink, German footballer
• 1987 – Sam Saunders, American golfer
• 1989 – Aleix Espargaró, Spanish motorcycle racer
• 1989 – Wayne Parnell, South African cricketer
• 1990 – Chris Maxwell, Welsh footballer
• 1991 – Diana Vickers, English singer-songwriter
• 1992 – Hannah Cockroft, English wheelchair racer
• 1993 – Jacob Faria, American baseball player
• 1993 – André Gomes, Portuguese footballer
• 1993 – Margarida Moura, Portuguese tennis player
• 1994 – Nelydia Senrose, Malaysian actress
• 1996 – Nina Stojanović, Serbian tennis player

Deaths

• 578 – Jacob Baradaeus, Greek bishop
• 579 – Pope Benedict I
• 734 – Tatwine, English archbishop (b. 670)
• 829 – Shi Xiancheng, general of the Tang Dynasty
• 1286 – Bar Hebraeus, Syrian scholar and historian (b. 1226)
• 1393 – Alberto d'Este, Lord of Ferrara and Modena (b. 1347)
• 1516 – Johann V of Nassau-Vianden-Dietz (b. 1455)
• 1540 – Thomas Abel, English priest and martyr (b. 1497)
• 1540 – Robert Barnes, English martyr and reformer (b. 1495)
• 1550 – Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton, English politician, Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom (b. 1505)
• 1566 – Guillaume Rondelet, French doctor (b. 1507)
• 1608 – Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, last King of Tyrconnell (b. 1575)
• 1624 – Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox, British nobleman (b. 1579)
• 1652 – Charles Amadeus, Duke of Nemours (b. 1624)
• 1680 – Thomas Butler, 6th Earl of Ossory, Irish admiral and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1634)
• 1683 – Maria Theresa of Spain (b. 1638)
• 1691 – Daniel Georg Morhof, German scholar and academic (b. 1639)
• 1700 – Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, English royal (b. 1689)
• 1718 – William Penn, English businessman and philosopher, founded the Province of Pennsylvania (b. 1644)
• 1771 – Thomas Gray, English poet (b. 1716)
• 1811 – Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, Mexican priest and soldier (b. 1753)
• 1832 – Lê Văn Duyệt, Vietnamese general, mandarin (b. 1763-4)^[1]
• 1870 – Aasmund Olavsson Vinje, Norwegian poet and journalist (b. 1818) ^[2]
• 1875 – George Pickett, American general (b. 1825)
• 1889 – Charlie Absolom, England cricketer (b. 1846)
• 1898 – Otto von Bismarck, German lawyer and politician, 1st Chancellor of Germany (b. 1815)
• 1900 – Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1844)
• 1912 – Emperor Meiji of Japan (b. 1852)
• 1918 – Joyce Kilmer, American soldier, journalist, and poet (b. 1886)
• 1920 – Albert Gustaf Dahlman, Swedish executioner (b. 1848)
• 1930 – Joan Gamper, Swiss-Spanish footballer and businessman, founded FC Barcelona (b. 1877)
• 1938 – John Derbyshire, English swimmer and water polo player (b. 1878)
• 1941 – Hugo Celmiņš, Latvian politician, former Prime Minister of Latvia (b. 1877)
• 1947 – Joseph Cook, English-Australian miner and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1860)
• 1965 – Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, Japanese author and playwright (b. 1886)
• 1970 – Walter Murdoch, Scottish-Australian academic (b. 1874)
• 1970 – George Szell, Hungarian-American conductor and composer (b. 1897)
• 1971 – Thomas Hollway, Australian politician, 36th Premier of Victoria (b. 1906)
• 1975 – James Blish, American author and critic (b. 1921)
• 1977 – Emory Holloway, American scholar, author, and educator (b. 1885)
• 1983 – Howard Dietz, American songwriter and publicist (b. 1896)
• 1983 – Lynn Fontanne, English actress (b. 1887)
• 1985 – Julia Robinson, American mathematician and theorist (b. 1919)
• 1989 – Lane Frost, American professional bull rider^[3]
• 1992 – Brenda Marshall, Filipino-American actress and singer (b. 1915)
• 1992 – Joe Shuster, Canadian-American illustrator, co-created Superman (b. 1914)
• 1996 – Claudette Colbert, French-American actress (b. 1903)
• 1997 – Bảo Đại, Vietnamese emperor (b. 1913)
• 1998 – Buffalo Bob Smith, American television host (b. 1917)
• 2001 – Anton Schwarzkopf, German engineer (b. 1924)
• 2003 – Steve Hislop, Scottish motorcycle racer (b. 1962)
• 2003 – Sam Phillips, American record producer, founded Sun Records (b. 1923)
• 2005 – Ray Cunningham, American baseball player (b. 1905)
• 2005 – John Garang, Sudanese colonel and politician, 6th President of South Sudan (b. 1945)
• 2006 – Duygu Asena, Turkish journalist and author(b. 1946)
• 2006 – Al Balding, Canadian golfer (b. 1924)
• 2006 – Murray Bookchin, American philosopher and author (b. 1921)
• 2006 – Anthony Galla-Rini, American accordion player and composer (b. 1904)
• 2006 – Akbar Mohammadi, Iranian activist (b. 1972)
• 2007 – Michelangelo Antonioni, Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1912)
• 2007 – Teoctist Arăpașu, Romanian patriarch (b. 1915)
• 2007 – Ingmar Bergman, Swedish director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1918)
• 2007 – Bill Walsh, American football player and coach (b. 1931)
• 2008 – Anne Armstrong, American businesswoman and diplomat, United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom (b. 1927)
• 2009 – Mohammed Yusuf, Nigerian militant leader, founded Boko Haram (b. 1970)
• 2009 – Peter Zadek, German director and screenwriter (b. 1926)
• 2011 – Bob Peterson, American basketball player (b. 1932)
• 2012 – Maeve Binchy, Irish author, playwright, and journalist (b. 1939)
• 2012 – Bill Doss, American singer and guitarist (b. 1968)
• 2012 – Stig Ossian Ericson, Swedish actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1923)
• 2012 – Les Green, English footballer and manager (b. 1941)
• 2012 – Jonathan Hardy, New Zealand-Australian actor and screenwriter (b. 1940)
• 2012 – Bill Kitchen, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1960)
• 2012 – Mary Louise Rasmuson, American colonel (b. 1911)
• 2013 – Cecil Alexander, American architect, designed the State of Georgia Building (b. 1918)
• 2013 – Berthold Beitz, German businessman (b. 1913)
• 2013 – Robert Neelly Bellah, American sociologist and author (b. 1927)
• 2013 – Harry F. Byrd, Jr., American lieutenant, publisher, and politician (b. 1914)
• 2013 – Antoni Ramallets, Spanish footballer and manager (b. 1924)
• 2013 – Ossie Schectman, American basketball player (b. 1919)
• 2013 – Benjamin Walker, Indian-English author, poet, and playwright (b. 1913)
• 2014 – Robert Drew, American director and producer (b. 1924)
• 2014 – Harun Farocki, German director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1944)
• 2014 – Julio Grondona, Argentinian businessman (b. 1931)
• 2014 – Peter Hall, English geographer, author, and academic (b. 1932)
• 2014 – Dick Smith, American make-up artist (b. 1922)
• 2014 – Dick Wagner, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1942)
• 2015 – Lynn Anderson, American singer (b. 1947)
• 2015 – Endel Lippmaa, Estonian physicist (b. 1930)
• 2015 – Francis Paul Prucha, American historian and academic (b. 1921)
• 2015 – Alena Vrzáňová, Czech figure skater (b. 1931)
• 2016 – Gloria DeHaven, American actress, singer, and dancer (b. 1925)
• 2018 – Ron Dellums, American politician (b. 1935)
• 2018 – Michael A. Sheehan American author and former government official and military officer. (b. 1955)^[4]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Abdon and Sennen
  • Hatebrand
  • Maxima, Donatilla, and Secunda
  • Peter Chrysologus
  • Robert Barnes (Lutheran)
  • Rufinus of Assisi
  • Tatwine
  • Ursus of Auxerre
  • Solanus Casey
  • July 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Feast of the Throne (Morocco)
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Vanuatu from the United Kingdom and France in 1980.
• International Day of Friendship (international), and its related observances:
  • Día del Amigo (Paraguay)
• Martyrs Day (South Sudan)

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to July 30.

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• Today in Canadian History