1886

January–March

January 29 –Karl Benz patent.

• January 1 – Upper Burma is formally annexed to British Burma, following its conquest in the Third Anglo-Burmese War of November 1885.
• January 5 – Robert Louis Stevenson's novella, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, is published.
• January 16 – A resolution is passed in the German Parliament to condemn the Prussian deportations, the politically motivated mass expulsion of ethnic Poles and Jews from Prussia, initiated by Otto von Bismarck.
• January 18 – Modern field hockey is born, with the formation of The Hockey Association in England.
• January 29 – Karl Benz patents the first successful gasoline-driven automobile, the Benz Patent-Motorwagen (built in 1885).
• February 14 – The first train load of oranges leaves Los Angeles, via the transcontinental railroad.
• March 3 – The Treaty of Bucharest ends the Serbo-Bulgarian War in the Balkans.
• March 8 – Anti-Chinese sentiments result in riots in Seattle, Washington.
• March 16 – A law establishing the Kiel Canal is adopted.
• March 17 – Carrollton Massacre: 20 African Americans are killed in Mississippi.
• March 29 – Wilhelm Steinitz becomes the first recognized World Chess Champion.

April–June

May 8: Coca-Cola invented.

• April 4 – William Ewart Gladstone introduces the First Irish Home Rule Bill in the Parliament of the United Kingdom; it is defeated on June 8.
• April 6 – The settlement of Vancouver, British Columbia is incorporated.
• April 25 – Easter occurs on the latest possible date (the next time is in 1943).
• May 4
  • A general strike begins in the United States, which escalates into the Haymarket Riot, and eventually wins the eight-hour day for workers.
  • Emile Berliner starts work that leads to the invention of the gramophone.
• May 8 – American pharmacist Dr. John Pemberton invents a carbonated beverage that will be named Coca-Cola.
• May 15 – Portugal and France agree to regulate the borders of their colonies in Guinea.
• May 17
  • Motherwell Football Club is founded in Scotland.
  • Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad: The U.S. Supreme Court rules that corporations have the same rights as living persons.
• May 29 – John Pemberton begins to advertise Coca-Cola (in The Atlanta Journal).
• June 2 – U.S. President Grover Cleveland marries Frances Folsom in the White House (Washington, D.C.), becoming the only President of the United States to wed in the executive mansion. She is 27 years his junior.
• June 3 – Uganda Martyrs: Charles Lwanga, 12 other Catholic boys and men, and 9 Anglicans, are burned (and another Catholic speared) to death, at the orders of Kabaka Mwanga II of Buganda in Namugongo.

June 10: Mount Tarawera erupts.

• June 10 – The Mount Tarawera volcano erupts in New Zealand, resulting in the deaths of over 150 people, and the destruction of the famous Pink and White Terraces.
• June 12 – King Ludwig II of Bavaria is detained as part of a deposition, drowning the following day under mysterious circumstances. Six weeks later his unfinished Neuschwanstein Castle is opened to the public.
• June 13 – The Great Vancouver Fire devastates much of Vancouver, British Columbia.
• June 25 – Arturo Toscanini makes his conducting debut.
• June 30 – The Royal Holloway College for women is opened by Queen Victoria, near London, England.

July–September

November 30: Folies Bergère

• July 3 – Karl Benz officially unveils the Benz Patent Motorwagen.
• July 9 – American inventor Charles Hall files a patent, for his process of turning aluminium oxide into molten aluminium.
• July 23 – Steve Brodie fakes a jump from the Brooklyn Bridge.
• July 25 – Robert Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (Conservative Party (UK)) becomes Great Britain's 30th Prime Minister.
• August 13 – Nagasaki Incident: Chinese troops riot, during shore leave in Nagasaki, Japan.
• August 19 – The Christian Union (Church of God) is established.
• August 20 – A massive hurricane demolishes the town of Indianola, Texas.
• August 31 – The 7.0 M_w Charleston earthquake affects southeastern South Carolina, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme); 60 people are killed, and damage is estimated at $5–6 million.
• September 1 – Grasshopper Club Zürich is founded, as the first football club in the city of Zürich.
• September 4 – American Indian Wars: After almost 30 years of fighting, Apache leader Geronimo surrenders, with his last band of warriors, to General Nelson Miles, at Skeleton Canyon in Arizona.
• September 9 – The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works is signed.
• September 21 – American physicist William Stanley, Jr. patents the first practical alternating current transformer device, the induction coil.

October–December

• October 7 – Spain abolishes slavery in Cuba.
• October 28 – In New York Harbor, U.S. President Grover Cleveland dedicates the Statue of Liberty, a gift from France. The ensuing spontaneous celebration in New York City leads to the first ticker tape parade.
• November – The extremely harsh winter of 1886–87 in the United States begins, killing tens of thousands of cattle on the Great Plains of North America.
• November 1 – The biggest Buddhist boys' school in Sri Lanka, Ananda College, is founded in Colombo.
• November 3 – In the British Raj, what will become one of the biggest boys' schools in Pakistan, Aitchison College, Lahore, is founded under the auspices of Sir Charles Umpherston Aitchison.
• November 11 – Heinrich Hertz verifies the existence of electromagnetic waves, at the University of Karlsruhe.
• November 14 – German inventor Friedrich Soennecken first develops the hole puncher, a type of office tool capable of punching small holes in paper.
• November 30 – The Folies Bergère stages its first revue in Paris.
• December 11 – London Association football club Arsenal, founded as Dial Square by workers at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich, play their first match (on the Isle of Dogs). The club is renamed Royal Arsenal soon afterwards, supposedly on December 25.^[1]
• December 17 – English adventurer Thomas Stevens concludes the first circumnavigation by bicycle in Yokohama, having set out on his penny-farthing from San Francisco in 1884.

Date unknown

• Scotch whisky distiller William Grant & Sons is founded.
• Yorkshire Tea is established in Harrogate, UK.
• The village of Skorenovac is founded, mostly by Székely Hungarians.
• An inexpensive method for refining aluminum, the Hall–Héroult process, is discovered.
• Father Augustine Tolton, the first Roman Catholic priest from the United States to proclaim himself African American, is ordained in Rome.
• Addis Ababa is founded in the Ethiopian Empire.
• Horse-drawn streetcars of Austria-Hungary, France, Germany and Great Britain are carrying c. 900 million riders per year.
• Emily Ruete publishes her landmark memoir, Memoirs of an Arabian Princess: An Autobiography.^[2]
• Bedford Rugby Club is formed in England.

January–February

Wilhelm Furtwängler

Alfonso López Pumarejo

Oskar Kokoschka

• January 2 –Florence Lawrence, Canadian-born actress (d. 1938)
• January 5 –Markus Reiner, Israeli scientist (d. 1976)
• January 7 –Amedeo Maiuri, Neapolitan archaeologist (d. 1963)
• January 11 –Chester Conklin, American actor (d. 1971)
• January 14 –Hugh Lofting, English-born author (d. 1947)
• January 17 –Joe Masseria, Italian-born American gangster (d. 1931)
• January 18 –Clara Nordström, German writer, translator (d. 1962)
• January 25 – Wilhelm Furtwängler, German conductor (d. 1954)
• January 27 – Frank Nitti, Italian-born American gangster (d. 1943)
• January 28
  • Hidetsugu Yagi, Japanese electrical engineer (d. 1976)
  • Sam McDaniel, African-American actor (d. 1962)
• January 31 – Alfonso López Pumarejo, 14th and 16th President of Colombia (d. 1959)
• February 2 – Frank Lloyd, English-born film director, scriptwriter and producer (d. 1960)
• February 4 – Edward Sheldon, American playwright (d. 1946)
• February 7 – Yehezkel Abramsky, eminent Russian-born rabbi, head of the London Beth Din for 17 years (d. 1976)
• February 8 – Charles Ruggles, American actor (d. 1970)
• February 9 – Edwin Maxwell, Irish actor (d. 1948)
• February 12 – Margarita Fischer, American silent film actress (d. 1975)
• February 17 – Aeneas Francon Williams, English-born missionary, Church of Scotland minister, writer and poet (d. 1971)
• February 19 – José Abad Santos, Filipino jurist, lawyer (d. 1942)
• February 22 – Oskar Kokoschka, Austrian artist and poet (d. 1980)
• February 27 – Hugo Black, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1971)

March–April

Kazimierz Świtalski

Kálmán Darányi

Margaret Woodrow Wilson

• March 2
  • Willis H. O'Brien, American stop motion animator (d. 1962)
  • Vittorio Pozzo, Italian football player and manager (d. 1968)
  • Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg, German general (d. 1974)
• March 3 – Tore Ørjasæter, Norwegian poet (d. 1968)
• March 4 – Kazimierz Świtalski, Polish diplomat, politician, soldier and military officer, 18th Prime Minister of Poland (d. 1962)
• March 6
  • Ola Solberg, Norwegian newspaper editor, politician (d. 1977)
  • Nella Walker, American actress, vaudevillian (d. 1971)
• March 7
  • Virginia Pearson, American silent film actress (d. 1958)
  • Jacques Majorelle, French painter (d. 1962)
• March 8 – Edward Calvin Kendall, American chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1972)
• March 9 – Robert L. Eichelberger, American general (d. 1961)
• March 11 – Edward Rydz-Śmigły, Polish politician, Marshal of Poland (d. 1941)
• March 15 – Sergey Kirov, Soviet revolutionary (d. 1934)
• March 18
  • Edward Everett Horton, American actor (d. 1970)
  • Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière, German U-boat ace (d. 1941)
• March 19 – Giuseppe Bellanca, Italian-born American airplane designer, manufacturer (d. 1960)
• March 20 – Grace Brown, American murder victim whose story became a famous court case (d. 1906)
• March 22 – Kálmán Darányi, 31st Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1939)
• March 24 – Edward Weston, American photographer (d. 1958)
• March 25 – Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople (d. 1972)
• March 27
  • Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, German architect (d. 1969)
  • Wladimir Burliuk, Ukrainian artist (d. 1917)
• April 2 – Reginald Barker, American film director (d. 1945)
• April 4 – William R. Munroe, American admiral (d. 1966)
• April 8 – Margaret Ayer Barnes, American playwright, novelist, and short-story writer (d. 1967)
• April 5 – Gustavo Jiménez, President of Peru (d. 1933)
• April 14 – Ernst Robert Curtius, Alsatian philologist (d. 1956)
• April 15 – Tadeusz Kutrzeba, Polish general (d. 1947)
• April 16
  • Ernst Thälmann, German Communist Leader (d. 1944)
  • Margaret Woodrow Wilson, American singer; Presidential daughter (d. 1944)
• April 25 – Marie Brémont, the last surviving person documented as born in 1886 (d. 2001)
• April 26 – Ma Rainey, American singer (d. 1939)
• April 30 – Dick Elliott, American actor (d. 1961)

May–June

King Alfonso XIII of Spain

• May 2 – Gottfried Benn, German poet (d. 1956)
• May 3 – Marcel Dupré, French composer (d. 1971)
• May 10
  • Karl Barth, Swiss Protestant theologian (d. 1968)
  • Felix Ysagun Manalo, first Executive Minister (Tagapamahalang Pangkalahatan) of the Iglesia ni Cristo (d. 1963)
  • Olaf Stapledon, British author, philosopher (d. 1950)
• May 17 – King Alfonso XIII of Spain (d. 1941)
• May 18 – Ture Nerman, Swedish communist leader (d. 1969)
• May 20 – John Jacob Astor, 1st Baron Astor of Hever, British businessman (d. 1971)
• May 26 – Al Jolson, American entertainer (d. 1950)
• June 2 – Grover Whalen, American politician (d. 1962)
• June 3 – Benjamin McCandlish, Governor of Guam (d. 1975)
• June 6 – William A. Glassford, American admiral (d. 1958)
• June 7 – Henri Coandă, Romanian aerodynamics pioneer (d. 1972)
• June 9 – Kosaku Yamada, Japanese composer, conductor (d. 1965)
• June 18 – George Mallory, English climber (d. 1924)
• June 21 – William Ibbett, English submariner (d. 1975)
• June 23 – Olaf M. Hustvedt, American admiral (d. 1978)
• June 24
  • Ion Gigurtu, 42nd Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1959)
  • George Shiels, Northern Irish dramatist (d. 1949)
• June 25
  • Alimihan Seyiti, Chinese supercentenarian
  • Henry "Hap" Arnold, American general, aviation pioneer (d. 1950)
• June 27 – Carroll McComas, American actress (d. 1962)
• June 28 – Hitoshi Imamura, Japanese general (d. 1968)
• June 29
  • Robert C. Giffen, American admiral (d. 1962)
  • Robert Schuman, German-French politician, a founding father of the European Union (d. 1963)

July–August

Willem Drees

Walter H. Schottky

• July 3
  • Giovanni Battista Caproni, Italian aeronautical, civil, and electrical engineer, aircraft designer, and industrialist (d. 1957)
  • Raymond A. Spruance, American admiral, ambassador (d. 1969)
• July 5
  • Willem Drees, Dutch politician, prime minister, and centenarian (d. 1988)
  • Oskar Leimgruber, Swiss politician (d. 1976)
• July 6 – Lou Skuce, Canadian cartoonist (d. 1951)
• July 12 – Jean Hersholt, Danish-born actor (d. 1956)
• July 15
  • Arthur L. Bristol, American admiral (d. 1942)
  • William Edmunds, Italian stage, screen character actor (d. 1981)
• July 16 – Frank Hastings Griffin, American engineer (d. 1974)
• July 18 – Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr., American general (d. 1945)
• July 19
  • Edward Sloman, English silent film director, actor, screenwriter and radio broadcaster (d. 1972)
  • Michael Fekete, Hungarian-born Israeli mathematician (d. 1957)
• July 23 – Walter H. Schottky, German physicist (d. 1976)
• July 24 – Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, Japanese writer (d. 1965)
• July 25 – Bror von Blixen-Finecke, Danish big-game hunter (d. 1946)
• July 31 – Fred Quimby, American film producer (d. 1965)
• August 2 – John A.D. McCurdy, Canadian aviation pioneer, Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia (d. 1961)
• August 12 – Campbell Tait, Governor of Southern Rhodesia (d. 1946)
• August 6 – Inez Milholland, American suffragist, labor lawyer, World War I correspondent and public speaker (d. 1916)
• August 20 – Paul Tillich, German-American Christian existentialist philosopher, theologian (d. 1965)
• August 27
  • Nicolette Bruining, Dutch theologian, humanitarian (d. 1963)
  • Rebecca Helferich Clarke, English composer, violist (d. 1979)
  • Eric Coates, English composer (d. 1957)
• August 28 – Andrew Higgins, American boatbuilder, industrialist (d. 1952)

September–October

Roberto María Ortiz

Archibald Hill

David Ben-Gurion

• September 1
  • Tarsila do Amaral, Brazilian painter, considered to be one of the leading Latin American modernist artists (d. 1973)
  • Othmar Schoeck, Swiss composer (d. 1957)
• September 4 – Albert Orsborn, the 6th General of The Salvation Army (d. 1967)
• September 5 – Nell Brinkley, American illustrator, comic artist (d. 1944)
• September 8 – Siegfried Sassoon, British poet (d. 1967)
• September 11 – John H. Hester, American general (d. 1976)
• September 13 – Robert Robinson, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1975)
• September 14 – Jan Masaryk, Foreign Minister of Czechoslovakia (d. 1948)
• September 16 – Jean Arp, Alsatian sculptor, painter, and poet (d. 1966)
• September 20
  • Charles Williams, British author (d. 1945)
  • John Murray Anderson, American actor, dancer, theatre director (d. 1954)
• September 24
  • Roberto María Ortiz, President of Argentina (d. 1942)
  • Edward Bach, English metaphysician, homeopath (d. 1936)
• September 25 – Nobutake Kondō, Japanese admiral (d. 1953)
• September 26 – Archibald Hill, English physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1977)
• September 28 – Alice Hollister, American silent film actress (d. 1973)
• October 2 – Jisaburō Ozawa, Japanese admiral (d. 1966)
• October 3 – Henri Alban-Fournier, French author of Le Grand Meaulnes (d. 1914)
• October 6 – Edwin Fischer, Swiss pianist, conductor (d. 1960)
• October 11 – Conrad Helfrich, Dutch admiral (d. 1962)
• October 11 – Baron Karl von Möller, German Writer (d. 1943)
• October 15 – Jonas H. Ingram, American admiral (d. 1952)
• October 16 – David Ben-Gurion, first Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1973)
• October 17
  • Andrej Bicenko, Russian fresco painter, muralist (d. 1985)
  • Spring Byington, American actress (d. 1971)
• October 22 – Oscar Griswold, American general (d. 1959)
• October 30 – Zoë Akins, American playwright, poet, and author (d. 1958)

November–December

Ali Jawdat al-Aiyubi

Diego Rivera

Ty Cobb

• November 1 – Hermann Broch, Austrian author (d. 1951)
• November 2 – Gheorghe Tătărescu, 2-time Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1957)
• November 6 – André Marty, French Communist Party leader (d. 1956)
• November 9
  • Edward Lindberg, American Olympic athlete (d. 1978)
  • Ed Wynn, American actor (d. 1966)
• November 10 – Walden L. "Pug" Ainsworth, American admiral (d. 1960)
• November 11 – Ali Jawdat al-Aiyubi, 11th Prime Minister of Iraq (d. 1969)
• November 12 – Alfonso de Orleans y Borbón, Spanish prince, military aviator (d. 1975)
• November 15 – René Guénon, French-Egyptian author (d. 1951)
• November 17 – Walter Terence Stace, British philosopher (d. 1967)
• November 18 – Ferenc Münnich, 47th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1967)
• November 20 – Karl von Frisch, Austrian zoologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1982)
• November 26 – Margaret Caroline Anderson, American publisher, editor (d. 1973)
• December 3 – Manne Siegbahn, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1978)
• December 5 – Rose Wilder Lane, American author (d. 1968)
• December 8 – Diego Rivera, Mexican painter (d. 1957)
• December 10 – Victor McLaglen, English actor, boxer (d. 1959)
• December 12 – Owen Moore, Irish actor (d. 1939)
• December 18
  • Heisuke Abe, Japanese general (d. 1943)
  • Ty Cobb, Baseball Hall of Famer (d. 1961)
• December 19 – Charles M. Cooke, Jr., American admiral (d. 1970)
• December 25 – Kid Ory, American jazz musician (d. 1973)
• December 26 – Gyula Gömbös, 30th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1936)
• December 30 – Austin Osman Spare, English artist, magician (d. 1956)

Date Unknown

• Khaled Chehab, 2-Time Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 1978)
• Émile Eddé, 4th Prime Minister and 3rd President of Lebanon (d. 1949)

January–June

Emily Dickinson

Ludwig II of Bavaria

• January 17 – Amilcare Ponchielli, Italian composer (b. 1834)
• January 18 – Baldassare Verazzi, Italian painter (b. 1819)
• January 25 – Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna, Chilean historian (b. 1831)
• January 26 – David Rice Atchison, American politician (b. 1807)
• February 9 – Winfield Scott Hancock, Union general of the American Civil War, Democratic political candidate (b. 1824)
• February 10 – Laura Don, American actress (b. 1852)
• February 12 – Horatio Seymour, 18th Governor of New York, 1868 Democratic Party presidential nominee (b. 1810)
• February 15 – Edward Cardwell, 1st Viscount Cardwell, British politician (b. 1813)
• February 18 – Dave Rudabaugh, American outlaw, gunfighter (b. 1854)
• February 24 – Hugh Stowell Brown, Manx preacher (b. 1823)
• March 17 – Pierre-Jules Hetzel, French editor, publisher (b. 1814)
• March 27 – Sir Henry Taylor, British dramatist and poet (b. 1800)
• April 16 – Andrew Nicholl, Northern Irish painter (b. 1804)
• April 27 – Henry Hobson Richardson, prominent American architect (b. 1838)
• May 9 – Facundo Bacardí, Cuban rum manufacturer (b. 1814)
• May 15 – Emily Dickinson, American poet (b. 1830)
• May 17 – John Deere, American inventor (b. 1804)
• June 13 – King Ludwig II of Bavaria (b. 1845)
• June 19 – Sir Charles Trevelyan, British civil servant and colonial administrator (b. 1807)
• June 21 – Daniel Dunglas Home, Scottish medium (b. 1833)

July–December

Franz Liszt

Eliza Lynch

• July 1 – Otto Wilhelm Hermann von Abich, German geologist (b. 1806)
• July 4
  • Poundmaker, Aboriginal Canadian leader (b. c. 1842)
  • Prince Arisugawa Takahito, Japanese Prince (b. 1813)
• July 25 – Eliza Lynch, First Lady of Paraguay (b. 1833)
• July 31 – Franz Liszt, Hungarian pianist, composer (b. 1811)
• August 4 – Samuel J. Tilden, 25th Governor of New York, 1876 Democratic Party presidential nominee (b. 1814)
• August 9 – Samuel Ferguson, Northern Irish poet, artist (b. 1810)
• August 11 – Lydia Koidula, Estonian poet (b. 1843)
• August 16 – Ramakrishna Paramhansa, Indian spiritual figure (b. 1836)
• August 30 – Ferris Jacobs, Jr., American politician (b. 1836)
• September 3 – William W. Snow, American politician (b. 1812)
• September 4 – Benjamin F. Cheatham, Confederate general (b. 1820)
• September 14 – Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard, American land speculator (b. 1802)
• September 25 – Hannah T. King, British-born American writer and pioneer (b. 1808)
• October 8 – Austin F. Pike, American politician from New Hampshire (b. 1819)
• November 18 – Chester A. Arthur, 21st President of the United States (b. 1829)
• November 20 – William Bliss Baker, American painter (b. 1859)
• November 21 – Charles Francis Adams Sr., American historical editor, politician and diplomat (b. 1807)
• December 8
  • Isaac Lea, American conchologist, geologist, and publisher (b. 1792)
  • William Fraser Tolmie, Scottish-Canadian scientist, politician (b. 1812)
• December 26 – John A. Logan, American soldier, political leader (b. 1826)

Unknown date

• Harriet Bates, American author (b. 1856)