柳

柳	U+67F3, 柳 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67F3

← 柲
[U+67F2]

CJK Unified Ideographs

柴 →
[U+67F4]

柳	U+F9C9, 柳 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C9

← 杻
[U+F9C8]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

流 →
[U+F9CA]

Translingual

Han character

柳 (radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木竹竹中 (DHHL), four-corner 4792₀, composition ⿰木卯)

Derived characters

𩋶, 𦵂

References

KangXi: page 521, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14662
Dae Jaweon: page 909, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1187, character 2
Unihan data for U+67F3

Unihan data for U+F9C9

Chinese

simp. and trad.		柳

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (卯) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
卯	*mruːʔ
昴	*mruːʔ
泖	*mruːʔ
茆	mruːʔ, m·ruʔ
奅	*m̥ʰruːs
窌	m̥ʰruːs, m·ruː, *m·rus
聊	*m·rɯːw
貿	*mlus
鄮	*mlus
劉	*m·ru
留	m·ru, m·rus
蒥	*m·ru
鶹	*m·ru
騮	*m·ru
榴	*m·ru
瑠	*ru
瘤	m·ru, m·rus
遛	*m·ru
鎦	*m·ru
飀	*m·ru
鰡	*m·ru
嵧	*m·ru
餾	m·ru, m·rus
瀏	m·ru, m·ruʔ
懰	m·ru, m·ruʔ
柳	*m·ruʔ
珋	*m·ruʔ
罶	*m·ruʔ
嬼	m·ruʔ, m·rus
溜	*m·rus
霤	*m·rus
廇	*m·rus
塯	*m·rus

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *m·ruʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) in oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions.

Later semantic 木 + phonetic 丣 (OC *luʔ) in small seal script.

The glyph finally turned back to 木 + 卯 in the current form.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): liǔ (liu³)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lau⁵
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): liú

(Teochew, Peng'im): liu²
Wu (Wiktionary): lieu (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: liǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˇ
  - Wade–Giles: liu³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leou
  - IPA ^(key): /li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lau⁵
  - Yale: láuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lau⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: leo⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /lɐu̯¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liú
  - Tâi-lô: liú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liuo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /liu⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liu⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liu⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /liu⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liu⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: liu²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liú
  - IPA ^(key): /liu⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: lieu (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /liɜ²³/

Middle Chinese: /lɨu^X/▼

Rime
Character	柳
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力久切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/liu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/liəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luw^X/
Li Rong	/liu^X/
Wang Li	/lĭəu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liǔ

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*([m]ə.)ruʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*m·ruʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	柳
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ ljuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*([m]ə.)ruʔ/
English	willow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	柳
Reading #	1/1
No.	8897
Phonetic component	卯
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	柳
Old Chinese	/*m·ruʔ/

Definitions

柳

willow, a member of the genus Salix
(astronomy) One of the constellations of the Twenty-Eight Mansions (二十八宿 (Èrshíbā Xiù)).
A surname.

Compounds

垂柳 (chuíliǔ)
大柳 (Dàliǔ)
大柳樹／大柳树 (Dàliǔshù)
杞柳 (qǐliǔ)
柳丁 (liǔdīng)
柳宿 (Liǔxiù)
柳州 (Liǔzhōu)
柳帶／柳带 (liǔdài)
柳暗花明 (liǔ'ànhuāmíng)
柳林 (Liǔlín)
柳條／柳条 (liǔtiáo)

柳樹𨟠／柳树𨟠 (Liǔshùquān)
柳樹／柳树 (liǔshù)
柳橙 (liǔchéng)
柳溝／柳沟 (Liǔgōu)
柳琴 (liǔqín)
柳田
柳絮 (liǔxù)
柳葉／柳叶
柳葉刀／柳叶刀 (liǔyèdāo)
柳蔭／柳荫 (liǔyīn)
柳陂 (Liǔbēi)

柳陰／柳阴 (liǔyīn)
楊柳／杨柳 (yángliǔ)
檉柳／柽柳 (chēngliǔ)
水瓜柳 (shuǐguāliǔ)
牛柳 (niúliǔ)
白柳 (Báiliǔ)
紅柳灘／红柳滩 (Hóngliǔtān)
花柳 (huāliǔ)
雙柳／双柳 (Shuāngliǔ)
雞柳／鸡柳 (jīliǔ)
麻柳 (Máliǔ)

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01909

Japanese

Kanji

柳

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: る (ru)
Kan-on: りゅう (ryū, Jōyō)^{←りう (riu, historical)}
Kun: やなぎ (yanagi, 柳, Jōyō); やい (yai); やぎ (yagi); やない (yanai)

Compounds

花 (か)柳 (りゅう) (karyū)
川 (せん)柳 (りゅう) (senryū), 川柳 (かわやなぎ) (kawayanagi), 川柳 (かわやぎ) (kawayagi)
柳 (し)葉 (しゃ)魚 (も) (shishamo)

Noun

柳 (hiragana やなぎ, katakana ヤナギ, rōmaji yanagi)

willow (tree)

Proper noun

柳 (hiragana やなぎ, rōmaji Yanagi)

A surname.

Korean

Hanja

柳 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

柳 (liễu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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