紅葉づ

Japanese
Kanji in this term
紅 葉
Grade: 6 Grade: 3
jukujikun

Alternative forms

Etymology

⟨mo(1)mi1tu⟩ → */mʷomʲitu/ → */mʷomʲidu/ → /momid͡ʑu/ → /momizu/

Shift from Old Japanese 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”) verb 紅葉つ (momitu → momitsu). Realized as the 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) in Middle Japanese.[1][2]

The kanji spelling 紅葉 (“red, crimson + leaf”) is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

Verb

紅葉づ (intransitive, kami nidan conjugation, hiragana もみず, rōmaji momizu, historical hiragana もみづ)

  1. (of leaves, archaic) to turn (change colors) in autumn
    • 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 15, poem 820)
      時雨 (しぐれ)つつもみづるよりも言 (こと)の葉 (は)の心 (こころ)の秋 (あき)にあふぞわびしき
      shiguretsutsu momizuru yori mo koto no ha no kokoro no aki ni au zo wabishiki
      Still more saddening than the leaves of trees changing in year-end drizzles―the encounter of old vows with the autumn of your love.[3]
    Synonym: 紅葉する (kōyō suru, momiji suru)

Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "紅葉づ" (ダ行上二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 紅葉ぢもみぢmomidi
Continuative (連用形) 紅葉ぢもみぢmomidi
Terminal (終止形) 紅葉づもみづmomidu
Attributive (連体形) 紅葉づるもみづるmomiduru
Realis (已然形) 紅葉づれもみづれmomidure
Imperative (命令形) 紅葉ぢよもみぢよmomidiyo
Key constructions
Negative 紅葉ぢずもみぢずmomidizu
Contrasting conjunction 紅葉づれどもみづれどmomiduredo
Causal conjunction 紅葉づればもみづればmomidureba
Conditional conjunction 紅葉ぢばもみぢばmomidiba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 紅葉ぢきもみぢきmomidiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 紅葉ぢけりもみぢけりmomidikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 紅葉ぢつもみぢつmomiditu
Perfect tense (natural event) 紅葉ぢぬもみぢぬmomidinu
Perfect-continuative tense 紅葉ぢたりもみぢたりmomiditari

Derived terms

References
  1. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Helen Craig McCullough (1985) Kokin Wakashū: The First Imperial Anthology of Japanese Poetry, with Tosa Nikki and Shinsen Waka, illustrated, reprint edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 178
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