iris

From Middle English [Term?], from Latin īris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”), from Proto-Indo-European *wey-ro- (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”), from *weh₁y- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”). Cognate to English wire.

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• enPR: ī'rĭs, IPA^(key): /ˈaɪɹɪs/
• Rhymes: -aɪɹɪs

A plant of the genus, Iris.

Illustration showing parts of the human eye, including the iris.

iris (plural irises or iris or irides) (See Usage notes)

1. (botany) A plant of the genus Iris, common in the northern hemisphere, and generally having attractive blooms (See Iris (plant) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ).
   • 1907, Robert William Chambers, chapter V, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, OCLC 24962326:

     Breezes blowing from beds of iris quickened her breath with their perfume; she saw the tufted lilacs sway in the wind, and the streamers of mauve-tinted wistaria swinging, all a-glisten with golden bees; she saw a crimson cardinal winging through the foliage, and amorous tanagers flashing like scarlet flames athwart the pines.

2. (anatomy) The contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, which adjusts to control the amount of light reaching the retina, and which forms the colored portion of the eye (See Iris (anatomy) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ).
3. (photography, cinematography) A diaphragm used to regulate the size of a hole, especially as a way of controlling the amount of light reaching a lens.
4. (poetic) A rainbow, or other colourful refraction of light.
5. (electronics) A constricted opening in the path inside a waveguide, used to form a resonator.
6. (zoology) The inner circle of an oscillated color spot.

For the part of the eye, the usual medical plural is irides.
For the flower both iris and irises are in common use.

plural iris

• 1989, Ann Lovejoy, The Year in Bloom

  Is there anything more spectacular than the bearded iris in their short season?

• 1996, Katherine Grace Endicott, Northern California Gardening

  Tall bearded iris are in bloom now.

• 2004, Diana Beresford-Kroeger, A Garden for Life

  The bulbous iris are important because their early flowers provide a food source for bees and early flying insects.

plural irides

• 1843, The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge

  In colour the irides are straw-yellow, the pupils black; forehead, nape, and back, very dark bluish-black; [...]

• 1989, Robert S Ridgely, The Birds of South America

  As in the caciques, bills are sharply pointed and pale, while irides are usually pale blue.

• 2001, John V Forrester et al., The Eye

  Later in life brown irides are the result of heavily pigmented melanocytes within the stroma.

plural irises

• 1987, Pamela Harper, Frederick McGourty, Perennials

  Tall bearded irises are easy to grow but not always easy to grow well.

• 2000, Kevin C Voughn, Louisiana Iris

  Most iris lovers feel that Louisiana irises are now large enough.

• 2002, John E Bryan, Bulbs

  All these irises are sold as dry, dormant bulbs in fall.

• Iris (plant) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Iris (anatomy) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

iris (third-person singular simple present irises, present participle irising, simple past and past participle irised)

1. (of an aperture, lens, or door) To open or close in the manner of an iris.

• Siri

From Latin iris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ɾis/

iris m (plural iris)

1. iris (part of the eye)

• iridectomia
• iridi
• iridià
• irídic

• “iris” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

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iris c (plural irissen, diminutive irisje n)

1. iris

   Synonym: regenboogvlies (anatomy)

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iris

1. past of iri

Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

• IPA^(key): /i.ʁis/

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iris m (plural iris)

1. iris

• “iris” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

iris

1. past of irar

iris (plural iris-iris, first-person possessive irisku, second-person possessive irismu, third-person possessive irisnya)

1. slice

mengiris

1. to slice

From Old Irish iris f (“a thong or strap (from which a shield, bag, etc. is suspended)”).

iris f (genitive singular irise, nominative plural irisí)

1. strap, sling (for carrying)

From Old Irish ires, iress f (“religion, creed, the (true) faith”).

iris f (genitive singular irise)

1. (literary) belief, faith, religion

• ireas

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iris f (genitive singular irise, nominative plural irisí)

1. Alternative form of oireas
2. magazine, journal

   Synonym: irisleabhar

3. gazette

• iriseoireacht f (“journalism”)

iris m

1. inflection of ireas (“iris”):
   1. genitive singular
   2. vocative singular
2. inflection of ireas:
   1. nominative plural
   2. dative plural

• IPA^(key): /ˈɪɾɪʃ/

• "iris" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• “iris” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
• “ires(s)” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
• Entries containing “iris” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “iris” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

iris m or f (invariable)

1. iris (flower)

   Synonyms: giaggiolo, iride

• risi

īrīs

1. inflection of īra:
   1. dative plural
   2. ablative plural

1. rainbow
   • Vulgate Bible, Douay-Rheims Version, Revelation 10:1

     et vidi alium angelum fortem descendentem de caelo amictum nube et iris in capite eius et facies eius erat ut sol et pedes eius tamquam columna ignis

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”).

iris m (definite singular irisen, indefinite plural iriser, definite plural irisene)

1. (botany) an iris (flower)
2. (anatomy) an iris (part of the eye)

   Synonym: regnbuehinne

• “iris” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”).

iris m (definite singular irisen, indefinite plural irisar, definite plural irisane)

1. (botany) an iris (flower)
2. (anatomy) an iris (part of the eye)

   Synonym: regnbogehinne

• “iris” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

iris f (plural iris)

1. Obsolete spelling of íris

Borrowed from French iris, Latin iris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

iris n (plural irisuri)

1. (anatomy) iris (of the eye)

iris n (plural iriși)

1. (botany) iris (flower)

   Synonyms: stânjenel, stânjen

You can help Wiktionary by providing a proper etymology. Compare Irish iris.

iris f (genitive singular irise, plural irisean)

1. magazine, periodical

   Synonym: ràitheachan

Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

• IPA^(key): /ˈiɾis/

iris m (plural iris or iríses)

1. (anatomy) iris

• arco iris

• íride
• iridio

• “iris” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.