Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district

Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district is located in northeastern and central Massachusetts.

Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district
Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district - since January 3, 2013.
Representative
  Lori Trahan
D–Westford
Median income$75,654[1]
Ethnicity
Cook PVID+9[2]

Massachusetts congressional redistricting after the 2010 census has greatly changed the borders of this congressional district, largely dividing it between the new 2nd and 4th districts, with the new 3rd district covering only a few towns from the old district.[3] Effective with the elections of 2012, Worcester is in the new 2nd district and the new 3rd district is similar to the old 5th district, largely covering the Merrimack valley including Lowell, Lawrence and Haverhill.

The district is represented by Democrat Lori Trahan.

Cities and towns in the district

In Essex County: Precincts 2 through 7 and Precinct 9 in Andover, Haverhill, Lawrence, and Methuen.

In Middlesex County: Acton, Ashby, Ayer, Boxborough, Carlisle, Chelmsford, Concord, Dracut, Dunstable, Groton, Hudson, Littleton, Lowell, Marlborough, Maynard, Pepperell, Shirley, Stow, Townsend, Tyngsborough, Westford, and Precinct 1 in Sudbury.

In Worcester County: Ashburnham, Berlin, Bolton, Clinton, Fitchburg, Gardner, Harvard, Lancaster, Lunenburg, Westminster, and Precincts 1A, 2 and 3 in Winchendon.

Cities and towns in the district 2003–2013

In Bristol County: Attleboro, Fall River (Wards 1-3; Ward 4, Precincts A and B; Ward 5, Precincts A and B; Ward 6, Precincts B and C; and Ward 8, Precinct D), North Attleborough, Rehoboth, Seekonk, Somerset, Swansea.

In Middlesex County: Ashland, Holliston, Hopkinton, Marlborough.

In Norfolk County: Franklin, Medway, Plainville, Wrentham.

In Worcester County: Auburn, Boylston, Clinton, Holden, Northborough, Paxton, Princeton, Rutland, Shrewsbury, Southborough, West Boylston, Westborough, Worcester.

Recent election results from presidential races
Year Office Result
2000 President Gore 59 - 35%
2004 President Kerry 59 - 40%
2008 President Obama 58.8 - 39.4%
2012 President Obama 56.9 - 41.4%
2016 President Clinton 58.2 - 35.4%

Maps
  • Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district, 1842
  • Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district, 1891
  • The district from 2003 to 2013

List of members representing the district
Member Party Years Cong
ress		 Electoral history District area (Counties and municipalities)

Elbridge Gerry		 Anti-Administration March 4, 1789 –
March 3, 1793		 1st
2nd		 Elected in 1788.
Re-elected in 1790.
Retired.		 1789–1793
Middlesex County: All

Shearjashub Bourne		 Pro-Administration General ticket:
March 4, 1793 –
March 3, 1795		 3rd Redistricted from the 5th district and re-elected in 1793 on the second ballot, as part of a two-seat general ticket, representing the district from Barnstable, Dukes, and Nantucket Counties.
[data unknown/missing]		 1793–1795
Barnstable County: All
Bristol County: All
Dukes County: All
Nantucket County: All
Plymouth County: All

Peleg Coffin Jr.		 Pro-Administration Elected in 1792, as part of a two-seat general ticket, representing the district from Bristol and Plymouth Counties.
Redistricted to the 5th district and lost re-election.

Samuel Lyman		 Federalist March 4, 1795 –
November 6, 1800		 4th
5th
6th		 Elected in 1794.
Re-elected in 1796.
Re-elected in 1798.
Retired and then resigned.		 1795–1803
Hampshire County: Amherst, Belchertown, Brimfield, Granby, Greenwich, Holland, Leverett, Longmeadow, Ludlow, New Salem, Orange, Palmer, Pelham, Shutesbury, South Brimfield, South Hadley, Springfield, Ware, Warwick, Wendell, and Wilbraham.
Worcester County: Athol, Barre, Gardner, Gerry, Hardwick, New Braintree, Petersham, Royalston, Sturbridge, Templeton, Western, Winchendon
Vacant November 7, 1800 –
February 1, 1801

Ebenezer Mattoon		 Federalist February 2, 1801 –
March 3, 1803		 6th
7th		 Elected November 3, 1800 to the next term.
Elected December 15, 1800 to finish Lyman's term.
Retired.

Manasseh Cutler		 Federalist March 4, 1803 –
March 3, 1805		 8th Redistricted from the 11th district and re-elected in 1802.
Retired.		 1803–1813
"Essex North district"
Essex County: Amesbury, Andover, Boxford, Bradford, Hamilton, Haverhill, Ipswich, Methuen, Middleton, Newbury, Newburyport, Rowley, Salisbury, Topsfield

Jeremiah Nelson		 Federalist March 4, 1805 –
March 3, 1807		 9th Elected in 1804.
Retired.

Edward St. Loe Livermore		 Federalist March 4, 1807 –
March 3, 1811		 10th
11th		 Elected in 1806.
Re-elected in 1808.
Retired.

Leonard White		 Federalist March 4, 1811 –
March 3, 1813		 12th Elected in 1810.
Retired.

Timothy Pickering		 Federalist March 4, 1813 –
March 3, 1815		 13th Elected in 1812.
Redistricted to the 2nd district.		 1813–1815
"Essex North district"
Essex County: Beverly, Boxford, Bradford, Gloucester, Hamilton, Ipswich, Manchester, Newbury, Newburyport, Rowley, Salisbury, Topsfield, Wenham

Jeremiah Nelson		 Federalist March 4, 1815 –
March 3, 1823		 14th
15th
16th
17th
18th		 Elected to begin member-elect Daniel A. White's term.
Re-elected in 1817.
Re-elected in 1818.
Re-elected in 1820.
Re-elected in 1822.
Retired.		 1815–1817
"Essex North district"
Essex County: Amesbury, Andover, Boxford, Bradford, Hamilton, Haverhill, Ipswich, Methuen, Middleton, Newbury, Newburyport, Rowley, Salisbury, Saugus, and Topsfield.
Middlesex County: South Reading
1817–1823
"Essex North district"
Essex County: Amesbury, Andover, Boxford, Bradford, Hamilton, Haverhill, Ipswich, Methuen, Middleton, Newbury, Newburyport, Rowley, Salisbury, Saugus, Topsfield, and West Newbury.
Middlesex County: Dracut
Adams-Clay Federalist March 4, 1823 –
March 3, 1825		 1823–1833
"Essex North district"
Essex County: Amesbury, Andover, Boxford, Bradford, Essex, Hamilton, Haverhill, Ipswich, Methuen, Middleton, Newbury, Newburyport, Rowley, Salisbury, Topsfield, Wenham, and West Newbury.
Middlesex County: Billerica, Dracut, Tewksbury, Wilmington

John Varnum		 Anti-Jacksonian March 4, 1825 –
March 3, 1831		 19th
20th
21st		 Elected in 1825.
[data unknown/missing]

Jeremiah Nelson		 Anti-Jacksonian March 4, 1831 –
March 3, 1833		 22nd [data unknown/missing]
Retired.

Gayton P. Osgood		 Jacksonian March 4, 1833 –
March 3, 1835		 23rd [data unknown/missing]
Lost renomination.		 1833–1843
Essex County: Amesbury, Andover, Boxford, Bradford, Haverhill, Methuen, Middleton, Newbury, Newburyport, Rowley, Salisbury, Topsfield, and West Newbury.
Middlesex County: Dracut, Lowell, Reading, Tewksbury, South Reading, Wilmington

Caleb Cushing		 Anti-Jacksonian March 4, 1835 –
March 3, 1837		 24th
25th
26th
27th		 [data unknown/missing]
Retired.
Whig March 4, 1837 –
March 3, 1843

Amos Abbott		 Whig March 4, 1843 –
March 3, 1849		 28th
29th
30th		 [data unknown/missing]
Retired.		 1843–1853
Essex County: Amesbury, Andover, Boxford, Bradford, Georgetown, Haverhill, Methuen, Newbury, Newburyport, Rowley, Salisbury, and West Newbury.
Middlesex County: Billerica, Carlisle, Chelmsford, Dracut, Dunstable, Groton, Littleton, Lowell, Tewksbury, Tyngsborough, Westford, Wilmington[4]

James H. Duncan		 Whig March 4, 1849 –
March 3, 1853		 31st
32nd		 [data unknown/missing]

J. Wiley Edmands		 Whig March 4, 1853 –
March 3, 1855		 33rd [data unknown/missing]
Retired.		 1853–1863
Norfolk County: Bellingam, Braintree, Canton, Dedham, Dorchester, Dover, Foxborough, Franklin, Medfield, Medway, Milton, Needham, Quincy, Randolph, Sharon, Stoughton, Walpole, West Roxbury, Weymouth, and Wrentham.
Middlesex County: Brighton, Holliston, Newton, Sherborn, and Watertown.
Worcester County: Blackstone, Mendon, Milford, Northbridge, Upton, Uxbridge

William S. Damrell		 Know Nothing March 4, 1855 –
March 3, 1857		 34th
35th		 [data unknown/missing]
Retired due to failing health.
Republican March 4, 1857 –
March 3, 1859

Charles Adams		 Republican March 4, 1859 –
May 1, 1861		 36th
37th		 [data unknown/missing]
Resigned to become U.S. Minister to England.
Vacant May 1, 1861 –
June 11, 1861		 37th

Benjamin Thomas[5]		 Union June 11, 1861 –
March 3, 1863		 37th Elected to finish Adams's term.
Retired.

Alexander H. Rice		 Republican March 4, 1863 –
March 3, 1867		 38th
39th		 Redistricted from the 4th district and re-elected in 1862.
Retired.		 1863–1867
Norfolk County: Roxbury, and Brookline.
Suffolk County: Boston (wards 4, 7, 8, 10 thru 12)

Ginery Twichell		 Republican March 4, 1867 –
March 3, 1873		 40th
41st
42nd		 [data unknown/missing]
Retired.		 1867–1873
Norfolk County: Roxbury, and Brookline.
Suffolk County: Boston (wards 5, 7, 8, 10 thru 12)[6]

William Whiting		 Republican March 4, 1873 –
June 29, 1873		 43rd [data unknown/missing]
Died.		 1873–1877
Suffolk County: Boston (wards 7, 8, 10 thru 16)
Vacant June 29, 1873 –
December 1, 1873

Henry L. Pierce		 Republican December 1, 1873 –
March 3, 1877		 43rd
44th		 Elected to finish Whiting's term.
Retired.

Walbridge A. Field		 Republican March 4, 1877 –
March 28, 1878		 45th [data unknown/missing]
Lost election contest.		 1877–1883
Suffolk County: Boston (wards 13 thru 21, 24)[7]

Benjamin Dean[8]		 Democratic March 28, 1878 –
March 3, 1879		 Won election contest.
Retired.

Walbridge A. Field		 Republican March 4, 1879 –
March 3, 1881		 46th [data unknown/missing]
Retired.

Ambrose Ranney[9]		 Republican March 4, 1881 –
March 3, 1887		 47th
48th
49th		 [data unknown/missing]
Lost re-election.
1883–1893
Norfolk County: Milton.
Suffolk County: Boston (ward 11, ward 15 (Pct. 3 & 4), wards 17-24)[10]

Leopold Morse		 Democratic March 4, 1887 –
March 3, 1889		 50th [data unknown/missing]
Retired.

John F. Andrew		 Democratic March 4, 1889 –
March 3, 1893		 51st
52nd		 [data unknown/missing]
Lost re-election.

Joseph H. Walker[11]		 Republican March 4, 1893 –
March 3, 1899		 53rd
54th
55th		 Redistricted from the 10th district and re-elected in 1892.
Lost re-election.		 1893–1903
Middlesex County: Hopkinton.
Worcester County: Auburn, Blackstone, Charlton, Douglas, Dudley, Grafton, Holden, Leicester, Mendon, Millbury, Northbridge, Oxford, Paxton, Rutland, Shrewsbury, Southbrige, Spencer, Sturbridge, Sutton, Upton, Uxbridge, Webster, Westborough, West Boylston, Worcester

John R. Thayer[12]		 Democratic March 4, 1899 –
March 3, 1905		 56th
57th
58th		 [data unknown/missing]
Retired.
1903–1913
Worcester County: Auburn, Charlton, Douglas, Dudley, Grafton, Holden, Leicester, Millbury, Northbridge, Oxford, Paxton, Rutland, Shrewsbury, Southbrige, Spencer, Sturbridge, Sutton, Uxbridge, Webster, Westborough, West Boylston, Worcester

Rockwood Hoar		 Republican March 4, 1905 –
November 1, 1906		 59th [data unknown/missing]
Died.
Vacant November 1, 1906 –
December 18, 1906		 59th

Charles G. Washburn[13]		 Republican December 18, 1906 –
March 3, 1911		 59th
60th
61st		 Elected to finish Hoar's term.
Lost re-election.

John A. Thayer		 Democratic March 4, 1911 –
March 3, 1913		 62nd [data unknown/missing]
Lost re-election.

William H. Wilder		 Republican March 4, 1913 –
September 11, 1913		 63rd Redistricted from the 4th district and re-elected in 1912.
Died.		 1913–1927
Franklin County: New Salem, and Orange.
Hampshire County: Greenwich, and Prescott.
Middlesex County: Ashby, and Townsend.
Hampden County: Brimfield, Holland, Monson, Palmer, and Wales.
Worcester County: Ashburnham, Athol, Barre, Boylston, Brookfield, Charlton, Clinton, Dana, Dudley, East Brookfield, Fitchburg, Gardner, Hardwick, Holden, Hubbardston, Lancaster, Leicester, Leominster, Lunenburg, New Braintree, North Brookfield, Oakham, Oxford, Paxton, Petersham, Phillipston, Princeton, Royalston, Rutland, Southbrige, Spencer, Sterling, Sturbridge, Templeton, Warren, Webster, West Boylston, West Brookfield, Westminster, Winchendon[14]
Vacant September 11, 1913 –
November 4, 1913

Calvin Paige		 Republican November 4, 1913 –
March 3, 1925		 63rd
64th
65th
66th
67th
68th		 Elected to finish Wilder's term.
Re-elected in 1914.
Re-elected in 1916.
Re-elected in 1918.
Re-elected in 1920.
Re-elected in 1922.
Retired.

Frank H. Foss		 Republican March 4, 1925 –
March 3, 1935		 69th
70th
71st
72nd
73rd		 [data unknown/missing]
Lost re-election.
1927–1933
Franklin County: Erving, New Salem, Orange, Shutesbury, Warwick, and Wendell.
Hampden County: Brimfield, Holland, Monson, Palmer, and Wales.
Hampshire County: Belchertown, Enfield, Greenwich, Pelham, Prescott, and Ware.
Worcester County: Ashburnham, Athol, Barre, Boylston, Brookfield, Charlton, Clinton, Dana, Dudley, East Brookfield, Fitchburg, Gardner, Hardwick, Holden, Hubbardston, Lancaster, Leicester, Leominster, Lunenburg, New Braintree, North Brookfield, Oakham, Oxford, Paxton, Petersham, Phillipston, Princeton, Royalston, Rutland, Southbrige, Spencer, Sterling, Sturbridge, Templeton, Warren, Webster, West Boylston, West Brookfield, Westminster, Winchendon
1933–1943
Hampden County: Brimfield, Holland, Monson, Palmer, and Wales.
Hampshire County: Ware.
Middlesex County: Ashby, Boxborough, Framingham, Hudson, Marlborough, Maynard, Pepperell, Shirley, Stow, Sudbury, Townsend, and Wayland.
Worcester County: Ashburnham, Barre, Berlin, Bolton, Brookfield, Charlton, Clinton, Dana, Dudley, East Brookfield, Fitchburg, Gardner, Hardwick, Harvard, Hubbardston, Lancaster, Leicester, Leominster, Lunenburg, New Braintree, North Brookfield, Oakham, Oxford, Paxton, Petersham, Phillipston, Princeton, Rutland, Southbrige, Spencer, Sterling, Sturbridge, Templeton, Warren, Webster, West Brookfield, Westminster, Winchendon

Joseph E. Casey		 Democratic January 3, 1935 –
January 3, 1943		 74th
75th
76th
77th		 [data unknown/missing]
Retired to run for U.S. Senator.

Philip J. Philbin[15]		 Democratic January 3, 1943 –
January 3, 1971		 78th
79th
80th
81st
82nd
83rd
84th
85th
86th
87th
88th
89th
90th
91st		 [data unknown/missing]
Lost renomination.		 1943–1963
Hampden County: Palmer.
Hampshire County: Ware.
Middlesex County: Hudson, Marlborough, Maynard, Shirley, and Stow.
Worcester County: Ashburnham, Barre, Blackstone, Bolton, Brookfield, Charlton, Clinton, Douglas, Dudley, East Brookfield, Fitchburg, Gardner, Hardwick, Harvard, Hubbardston, Lancaster, Leicester, Leominster, Lunenburg, Milford, Millbury, Millville, New Braintree, Northbridge, North Brookfield, Oakham, Oxford, Paxton, Princeton, Rutland, Southbrige, Spencer, Sturbridge, Sutton, Upton, Uxbridge, Warren, Webster, West Brookfield, Westminster, Winchendon
1963–1973
Worcester County: Ashburnham, Barre, Berlin, Blackstone, Bolton, Charlton, Clinton, Douglas, Dudley, Fitchburg, Gardner, Hardwick, Harvard, Hopedale, Hubbardston, Lancaster, Leicester, Leominster, Lunenburg, Mendon, Milford, Millbury, Millville, New Braintree, Northbridge, Oakham, Oxford, Paxton, Princeton, Rutland, Southbrige, Spencer, Sterling, Sutton, Upton, Uxbridge, Webster, Westminster, and Winchendon.
Middlesex County: Acton, Ashby, Ayer, Boxborough, Dunstable, Groton, Holliston, Hudson, Littleton, Marlborough, Maynard, Natick, Pepperell, Sherborn, Shirley, Stow, Townsend, Tyngsborough, and Westford.
Norfolk County: Bellingham, Franklin, Medway, Millis
1969–1973
Middlesex County: Acton, Ashby, Ayer, Boxborough, Concord, Hudson, Lincoln, Littleton, Marlborough, Maynard, Newton, Shirley, Stow, Townsend, Waltham, Watertown, Westford, and Weston.
Worcester County: Ashburnham, Berlin, Bolton, Clinton, Fitchburg, Gardner, Harvard, Lancaster, Leominster, Lunenburg, Sterling, Westminster, Winchendon

Robert Drinan		 Democratic January 3, 1971 –
January 3, 1973		 92nd [data unknown/missing]
Redistricted to the 4th district.

Harold Donohue		 Democratic January 3, 1973 –
December 31, 1974		 93rd Redistricted from the 4th district and re-elected in 1972.
Retired and resigned early.		 1973–1983
Middlesex County: Ashland, Holliston, Hopkinton, Hudson, and Marlborough.
Norfolk County: Bellingham, Franklin, and Medway.
Worcester County: Auburn, Berlin, Blackstone, Boylston, Clinton, Grafton, Hopedale, Leicester, Mendon, Milford, Millbury, Millville, Northborough, Northbridge, Shrewsbury, Southborough, Sutton, Upton, Uxbridge, Westborough, West Boylston, Worcester[16]
Vacant December 31, 1974 –
January 3, 1975

Joseph D. Early[17]		 Democratic January 3, 1975 –
January 3, 1993		 94th
95th
96th
97th
98th
99th
100th
101st
102nd		 [data unknown/missing]
Lost re-election.
1983–1993
Middlesex County: Ashland, Holliston, Hopkinton, Hudson, Marlborough, Sherborn, and Stow.
Norfolk County: Bellingham, Franklin, Medway, Millis, Norfolk[18]
Worcester County: Auburn, Berlin, Blackstone, Bolton, Boylston, Clinton, Douglas, Grafton, Hopedale, Lancaster, Leicester, Lunenburg, Mendon, Milford, Millbury, Millville, Northborough, Northbridge, Shrewsbury, Southborough, Sutton, Upton, Uxbridge, Westborough, West Boylston, Worcester

Peter I. Blute		 Republican January 3, 1993 –
January 3, 1997		 103rd
104th		 Elected in 1992.
Re-elected in 1994.
Lost re-election.		 1993–2003
Bristol County: Attleboro, Dartmouth, Fall River (all of wards 1, 2 & 3, ward 6 pcts. A & B, ward 4 pct. A, parts of B & C), Mansfield (pcts. 1, 2 & parts of 3 & 4), North Attleboro, Seekonk, Somerset, Swansea, and Westport.[18]
Middlesex County: Holliston, and Hopkinton.
Norfolk County: Foxborough (pct. 5, parts of pcts. 1, 3, 4), Franklin, Medway, Plainville, and Wrentham.
Worcester County: Auburn (parts of pcts. 1, 3 & 4), Berlin, Boylston, Clinton, Grafton, Holden, Lancaster (parts of pcts. 1 & 2), Northborough, Northbridge, Paxton, Princeton, Rutland, Shrewsbury, Sterling, Upton, Westborough, West Boylston, Worcester[19]

Jim McGovern		 Democratic January 3, 1997 –
January 3, 2013		 105th
106th
107th
108th
109th
110th
111th
112th		 Elected in 1996.
Re-elected in 1998.
Re-elected in 2000.
Re-elected in 2002.
Re-elected in 2004.
Re-elected in 2006.
Re-elected in 2008.
Re-elected in 2010.
Redistricted to the 2nd district.
2003–2013
Bristol County: Attleboro, Fall River (wards 1-3; ward 4, Precincts A & B; ward 5, Precincts A & B; ward 6, Precincts B & C; & ward 8, Precinct D), North Attleborough, Rehoboth, Seekonk, Somerset, and Swansea.
Middlesex County: Ashland, Holliston, Hopkinton, and Marlborough.
Norfolk County: Franklin, Medway, Plainville, and Wrentham.
Worcester County: Auburn, Boylston, Clinton, Holden, Northborough, Paxton, Princeton, Rutland, Shrewsbury, Southborough, West Boylston, Westborough, and Worcester.

Niki Tsongas		 Democratic January 3, 2013 –
January 3, 2019		 113th
114th
115th		 Redistricted from the 5th district and re-elected in 2012.
Re-elected in 2014.
Re-elected in 2016.
Retired.		 2013–present
See Cities and towns in the district, above

Lori Trahan		 Democratic January 3, 2019 –
present		 116th. Elected in 2018.
Member Party Years Cong
ress		 Electoral history District area (Counties and municipalities)

Recent election results

2002
Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district election, 2002
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Jim McGovern (Incumbent) 155,697 73.34
write-in 1,848 0.87
blank 54,759 25.79
Majority 153,849 72.47
Turnout 212,304
Democratic hold

2004
Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district election, 2004
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Jim McGovern (Incumbent) 192,036 67.15 -6.19
Republican Ronald Crews 80,197 28.04 +28.04
write-in 179 0.06 -0.81
blank 13,584 4.75 -21.04
Majority 111,839 39.11 -33.36
Turnout 285,996
Democratic hold Swing

2006
Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district election, 2006
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Jim McGovern (Incumbent) 166,973 77.63 +10.48
write-in 1,983 0.92 +0.86
blank 46,145 21.45 +16.70
Majority 164,990 76.70 +37.59
Turnout 215,101
Democratic hold Swing

2008
Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district election, 2008
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Jim McGovern (Incumbent) 227,619 75.04 -2.59
write-in 3,488 1.15 +0.23
blank 72,208 23.81 +2.36
Majority 224,131 73.89 -2.81
Turnout 303,315
Democratic hold Swing

2010
Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district election, 2010
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Jim McGovern (Incumbent) 122,357 56.5
Republican Marty Lamb 84,972 39.2
Independent Patrick Barron 9,304 4.3
Total votes 216,633 100
Turnout
Democratic hold

References
  1. https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=25&cd=03
  2. "Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
  3. http://www.sec.state.ma.us/spr/sprcat/catpdf2010/cong2010/CongressionalDistrict_2011State.pdf Access Date March 29, 2012
  4. "State Apportionment". Massachusetts Register . for 1843. Boston: Loring.
  5. "Massachusetts". Congressional Directory for the Second Session of the Thirty-Seventh Congress. Washington DC: House of Representatives. 1861. Archived from the original on 2016-03-16.
  6. Poore, Ben. Perley (1869). "Massachusetts". Congressional Directory for the First Session of the Forty-First Congress (2nd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
  7. "Congressional Districts of Massachusetts". Massachusetts Register and Business Directory, 1878. Boston: Sampson, Davenport, and Co.
  8. Poore, Ben. Perley (1878). "Massachusetts". Congressional Directory: 45th Congress (3rd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office. Archived from the original on 2016-03-17.
  9. Poore, Ben. Perley (1882). "Massachusetts". Congressional Directory: 47th Congress (3rd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
  10. Poore, Ben. Perley (1884). "Massachusetts". Congressional Directory: Forty-Eighth Congress (2nd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
  11. Coolidge, L.A. (1897). "Massachusetts". Official Congressional Directory: Fifty-Fifth Congress. Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
  12. Halford, A.J. (1903). "Massachusetts". Official Congressional Directory: Fifty-Eighth Congress. Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
  13. Halford, A.J. (1909). "Massachusetts". Congressional Directory: 60th Congress (2nd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
  14. "Massachusetts". Official Congressional Directory: 64th Congress (2nd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office. 1916.
  15. "Massachusetts". Official Congressional Directory: 90th Congress. Washington DC: Government Printing Office. 1968.
  16. "Massachusetts", 1977 Official Congressional Directory: 95th Congress, Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977
  17. "Massachusetts". 1991-1992 Official Congressional Directory: 102nd Congress. Washington DC: Government Printing Office. 1991.
  18. O'Neill, Edward B.; MacQueen, Robert E. (1983). A Manual for the use of the General Court. Boston, MA: Causeway Print.
  19. Congressional Directory for the 105th Congress (1997-1998), Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997, archived from the original on December 3, 2013, retrieved November 26, 2013

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