List of state leaders in the 17th century

Angola

• Kingdom of Kongo (complete list) –

Kwilu dynasty

• Álvaro II, Manikongo (1587–1614)
• Bernardo II, Manikongo (1614–1615)
• Álvaro III, Manikongo (1615–1622)

Kinkanga dynasty

• Pedro II, Manikongo (1622–1624)
• Garcia I, Manikongo (1624–1626)

Kwilu dynasty

• Ambrósio I, Manikongo (1626–1631)
• Álvaro IV, Manikongo (1631–1636)

Kimpanzu dynasty

• Álvaro V, Manikongo (1636)

Kinlaza dynasty

• Álvaro VI, Manikongo (1636–1641)
• Garcia II, Manikongo (1641–1660)
• António I, Manikongo (1660–1665)

Civil War: Awenekongo

• Afonso II, Manikongo (1665)
• Álvaro VII, Manikongo (1665–1666)
• Álvaro VIII, Manikongo (1666–1669)
• Pedro III, Manikongo (1669)
• Álvaro IX, Manikongo (1669–1670)
• Rafael I, Manikongo (1670–1673)
• Afonso III, Manikongo (1673–1674)
• Daniel I, Manikongo (1674–1678)

• Kongo claimants of Kibangu (complete list) –

• Garcia III of Kibangu, Awenekongo (1669–1685)
• André I of Kibangu, Awenekongo (1685)
• Manuel I of Kibangu, Awenekongo (1685–1688)
• Álvaro X of Kibangu, Awenekongo (1688–1695)
• Pedro IV, Awenekongo (1695–1709)

• Kongo claimants of Lemba (complete list) –

• Pedro III, Awenekongo (1669–1680)
• João II of Lemba, Awenekongo (1680–1716)

• Kongo claimants of Mbamba Lovata (complete list) –

• Manuel of Lovata, Awenekongo (1678–1715)

• Kingdom of Matamba (complete list) –

• Mwongo Matamba, Queen (?–1631)
• Nzinga Mbande, Queen (1631–1663)
• Barbara, Queen (1663–1666)
• Njinga Mona, King (1666–1669)
• João, King (1669–1670)
• Njinga Mona, King (1670–1680)
• Francisco I, King (1680–1681)
• Verónica I, Queen (1681–1721)

• Portuguese Angola, (complete list) –

Colony, 1575–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Cameroon

• Kingdom of Bamum (complete list) –

• Ngapna, Mfon (1590–1629)
• Ngouloure, Mfon (1629–1672)
• Koutou, Mfon (1672–1757)

Chad

• Sultanate of Bagirmi (complete list) –

• ‘Abdallah, Mbangi (1568–1608)
• ‘Umar (1608–1625)
• Dalai, Mbangi (1625–1635)
• Burkomanda I, Mbangi (1635–1665)
• ‘Abdul Rahman I, Mbangi (1665–1674)
• Dalo Birni, Mbangi (1674–1680)
• ‘Abdul Qadir I, Mbangi (1680–1707)

Congo: Belgian

• Kuba Kingdom (complete list)[1] –

• Shamba Bolongongo, Nyim (c.1600)
• Bongo Lenge, Nyim (17th century)
• Golo Bosh, Nyim (17th century)
• Boni Bosh, Nyim (17th century)
• Kongo Kama Bomanchala, Nyim (17th century)
• Bo Kama Bomanchala, Nyim (c.1680)
• Golo Boke, Nyim (late 17th century)
• Bokere Boke, Nyim (late 17th century)
• KotomBoke, Nyim (17th or 18th century)

• Kingdom of Lunda (complete list) –

• Cibind Yirung, Mwaantaangaand (c.1600–c.1630)
• Yaav I a Yirung, Mwaantaangaand (c.1630–c.1660)
• Yaav II a Nawej, Mwaantaangaand (c.1660–c.1690)
• Mbala I Yaav, Mwaant Yaav (c.1690–c.1720)

Congo: French

• Kingdom of Loango (complete list) –

• Moe Poaty I Kamangou, King (16th or 17th century)
• Ngouli N'Kama Loembe, King (17th century)
• N'Gangue M'voumbe Niambi, King (late 17th century)

Gabon

• Kingdom of Orungu (complete list) –

• Reto Ndongo, Founder (c.1700–?)

São Tomé and Príncipe

• Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe (complete list) –

Colony, 1470–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Great Lakes area

Burundi

• Kingdom of Burundi (complete list) –

• Ntare I Rushatsi Cambarantama, King (c.1530–c.1550)
• Mwezi I Baridamunka, King (c.1550–c.1580)
• Mutaga I Mutabazi, King (c.1580–c.1600)
• Mwambutsa I Nkomati, King (c.1600–c.1620)
• Ntare II Kibogora, King (c.1620–c.1650)
• Mwezi II Nyaburunga, King (c.1650–c.1680)
• Ntare I, King (c.1680–c.1709)

Kenya

• Sultanate of Mombasa (complete list) –

• Yusuf ibn al-Hasan (1614–1632)

• Sultanate of Mombasa (complete list) –

Independence disputed with Oman

• ‘Ali ibn Uthman al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1746–1755)
• Masud ibn Naisr al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1755–1773)
• Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1773–1782)
• Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1782–1811)
• ‘Abd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1811–1823)

Rwanda

• Kingdom of Rwanda (complete list) –

• Kigeli II Nyamuheshera, King (1576–1609)
• Mibamwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura, King (1609–1642)
• Yuhi III Mazimpaka, King (1642–1675)
• Cyilima II Rujugira, King (1675–1708)

Uganda

• Buganda (complete list) –

• Suuna I, Kabaka (c.1584–c.1614)
• Sekamaanya, Kabaka (c.1614–c.1634)
• Kimbugwe, Kabaka (c.1634–c.1644)
• Kateregga, Kabaka (c.1644–c.1674)
• Mutebi I, Kabaka (c.1674–c.1680)
• Juuko, Kabaka (c.1680–c.1690)
• Kayemba, Kabaka (c.1690–c.1704)

• Bunyoro (complete list) –

• Cwamali, Omukama
• Masamba, Omukama
• Anabwani I, Omukama (late 17th century)
• Kyebambe I, Omukama
• Winyi III, Omukama
• Nyaika, Omukama

Horn of Africa area

Ethiopia

• Ethiopian Empire: Solomonic dynasty (complete list) –

• Za Dengel, Emperor (1603–1604)
• Yaqob, Emperor (1597–1603, 1604–1606)
• Susenyos I, Emperor (1606–1632)
• Fasilides, Emperor (1632–1667)
• Yohannes I, Emperor (1667–1682)
• Iyasu I, Emperor (1682–1706)

• Kingdom of Garo (complete list)[2] –

• Magela, Tato (1600–1630)
• Daro, Tato (1630–1660)
• Chowaka, Tato (1660–1690)
• Leliso, Tato (1690–1720)

• Kingdom of Garo (complete list) –

• Ambiraj, Tato (1567–1600)[3]
• Magela, Tato (1600–1630)
• Daro, Tato (1630–1660)
• Chowaka, Tato (1660–1690)
• Leliso, Tato (1690–1720)

• Kingdom of Kaffa (complete list)[4] –

• Bong-he or Borrete or Bongatato, King (1565–1605)
• Giba Nekiok or Bonge or Galo Nechocho, King (1605–1640)
• Gali Gafocho or Gali Ginok, King (1640–1675)
• Gali Ginocho or Tan Ginok, King (1675–1710)

• Ennarea (complete list)[5] –

• Badancho, Hinnare-tato (c.1580–1603)
• Benero, Hinnare-tato (c.1605–1619)
• Sysgayo, Hinnare-tato (c.1619–1630)
• Emana Krestos, Hinnare-tato (c.1630–1640)
• Gumičo, Hinnare-tato (c.1650–1645)
• Techochi, Hinnare-tato (mid 17th century)
• Gaha Nechocho, Hinnare-tato (mid 17th century)
• Gawa Sherocho, Hinnare-tato (late 17th century)

• Welayta (complete list)[6] –

• Gazenja, Kawa (17th century)
• Gazenya
• Addayo, Kawa (17th century)

Somalia

• Warsangali Sultanate (complete list) –

• Garaad Abdale, King (1585–1612)
• Garaad Ali, King (1612–1655)
• Garaad Mohamud IV, King (1655–1675)
• Garaad Naleye, King (1675–1705)

Indian Ocean

Comoros

• Sultanate of Ndzuwani (complete list) –

• Alimah III, Sultan/female ruler (c.1676–c.1711)

Madagascar

• Merina Kingdom (complete list) –

• Ralambo, King (1575–1612)
• Andrianjaka, King (1612–1630)
• Andriantsitakatrandriana, King (1630–1650)
• Andriantsimitoviaminandriandehibe, King (1650–1670)
• Andrianjaka Razakatsitakatrandriana, King (1670–1675)
• Andriamasinavalona, King (1675–1710)

Tunisia

• Eyalet of Tunis: Muradid dynasty –

• Murad I, Bey (1613–1631)
• Hammuda Pasha, Bey (1631–1666)
• Murad II, Bey (1666–1675)
• Mohamed El Mouradi, Bey (1686–1696)

Egypt

Sudan

• Sultanate of Darfur (complete list) –

• Sulayman Solong, Sultan (c.1660–c.1680)
• Musa Sulayman, Sultan (c.1680–?)

• Funj Sultanate of Sennar (complete list) –

• Unsa I, Sultan (1591–1603/4)[7][8]
• Abd al-Qadir II, Sultan (1603/4–1606)
• Adlan I, Sultan (1606–1611/2)
• Badi I, Sultan (1611/2–1616/7)
• Rabat I, Sultan (1616/7–1644/5)
• Badi II, Sultan (1644/5–1681)
• Unsa II, Sultan (1681–1692)
• Badi III, Sultan (1692–1716)

Algeria

• Regency of Algiers (Sultans / Governors) –

Vassal state, 1671–1830

• Ismail, Pasha (1659–1686)
• Mezzo Morto Hüseyin, Pasha (1686–1687)
• Mustapha V, Pasha (1694)
• Umar Pasha, Pasha (1694–1695)
• Musa, Pasha (1695–1698)
• Umar Pasha, Pasha (1698–1700)

Pashas without power, 1700–1711

Morocco

• Saadi dynasty of Morocco (complete list) –

• Ahmad al-Mansur, Sultan (1578–1603)

Succession war: 1603–1627

• Abu Faris Abdallah, Sultan (1603–1608)
• Zidan Abu Maali, Sultan (1603–1627)
• Abd al-Malik II, Sultan (1627–1631)
• Al-Walid ibn Zidan, Sultan (1631–1636)
• Mohammed esh-Sheikh es-Seghir, Sultan (1636–1655)
• Ahmad al-Abbas, Sultan (1655–1659)

• Morocco, Dila'i interlude (complete list) –

• Muhammad al-Haj ad-Dila'i, Sultan (1659–1663)

• Alaouite dynasty of Morocco (complete list) –

• Al-Rashid, Sultan (1666–1672)
• Ismail Ibn Sharif, Sultan (1672–1727)

Mozambique

• Portuguese Mozambique (complete list) –

Colony, 1498–1972

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

South Africa

• Dutch Cape Colony (complete list) –

Company rule of the Dutch East India Company, 1652–1795; British occupation, 1795–1803

For details see the Netherlands under western Europe

Zimbabwe

• Rozwi Empire –

• Changamire Dombo, King (c.1660–c.1695)

Benin

• Abomey (complete list) –

• Do-Aklin, ruler (c.1600)
• Dakodonou, ruler (c.1625–1645)

• Benin Empire (complete list) –

• Ehengbuda, Oba (1580–1602)[9]
• Ohuan, Oba (1602–1656)
• Ohenzae, Oba (1656–1661)
• Akenzae, Oba (1661–1669)
• Akengboi, Oba (1669–1675)
• Akenkpaye, Oba (1675–1684)
• Akengbedo, Oba (1684–1689)
• Ore-Oghene, Oba (1689–1701)

Burkina Faso

• Mossi Kingdom of Nungu (complete list) –

• Kampadiboaghi, Nunbado (1571–1615)
• Kampadi, Nunbado (1615–1659)
• Tantiari, Nunbado (1659–1684)
• Lissoangui, Nunbado (1684–1709)

Cape Verde

• Portuguese Cape Verde (complete list) –

Colony, 1462–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Ghana

• Kingdom of Ashanti (complete list) –

• Osei Kofi Tutu I, Asantehene (c.1675/80–1717)

Guinea-Bissau

• Portuguese Guinea (complete list) –

Colony, 1474–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Mali

• Kénédougou Kingdom –

• Nanka Traoré, Faama (c.1650–?)

Niger

• Dendi Kingdom (complete list) –

• al-Mustafa, Askiya (c.1600)
• Muhammad Sorko-ije, Askiya (early 17th century)
• Harun Dankataya, Askiya (early 17th century)
• al-Amin, Askiya (1611–1618)[10]
• Dawud II, Askiya (1618–1639)[11]
• Ismail, Askiya (c.1639)
• Muhammad, Askiya (1639)
• Dawud III, Askiya (1639–?)
• Muhammad Borgo, Askiya (early 17th century)
• Mar-Chindin, Askiya (early 17th century)
• Nuh II, Askiya (early 17th century)
• Muhammad Al-Borko, Askiya (early 17th century)
• Al-Hajj, Askiya (mid 17th century)
• Ismail, Askiya (mid 17th century)
• Dawud III, Askiya (c.1655)

Nigeria

• Bornu Empire (Kanem–Bornu)[12] (complete list) –

• Muhammed VI Bukalmarami, Mai (1596–1612)
• Ibrahim III of Bornu, Mai (1612–1619)
• Umar, Mai (1619–1639)
• Ali II, Mai (1639–1677)
• Idris IV of Bornu, Mai (1677–1696)
• Dunama VII, Mai (1696–1715)

• Oyo Empire (complete list) –

• Abipa, Alaafin (c.1600–?)
• Obalokun, Alaafin (17th century)
• Oluodo, Alaafin (17th century)
• Ajagbo, Alaafin (17th century)
• Odarawu, Alaafin (17th century)
• Kanran, Alaafin (17th century)
• Jayin, Alaafin (17th century or 18th century)

• Sultanate of Kano (complete list) –

• Muhammad Zaki, Sultan (1582–1618)
• Muhammad Nazaki, Sultan (1618–1623)
• Kutumbi, Sultan (1623–1648)
• al-Hajj, Sultan (1648–1649)
• Shekarau (emir), Sultan (1649–1651)
• Muhammad Kukuna, Sultan (1651–1652, 1652–1660)
• Soyaki, Sultan (1652)
• Bawa, Sultan (1660–1670)
• Dadi, Sultan (1670–1703)

• Kingdom of Nri (complete list) –

• Eze Nri Agụ, King (1583–1676)
• Eze Nri Apia and Nri–Alike, King (1677–1700)

Senegal

• Jolof / Wolof Empire (complete list) –

• Gireun Buri Dyelen, Buur-ba (1597–1605)
• Birayma Penda, Buur-ba (1605–1649)
• Birayma Mba, Buur-ba (1649–1670)
• Bakar Penda, Buur-ba (1670–1711)

• Cayor (complete list) –

• Lat Sukabe, Damel (1697–1719)

Sierra Leone

• Kingdom of Koya (complete list) –

• Naimbanna I, Bai (1680–1720)

Kazakhstan

• Dzungar Khanate (complete list) –

• Khara Khula, Khong Tayiji (early 1600s–1634)
• Erdeni Batur, Khong Tayiji (1634–1653)
• Sengge, Khong Tayiji (1653–1670)
• Galdan Boshugtu, Khong Tayiji (1670–1697)
• Tsewang Arabtan, Khong Tayiji (1694–1727)

• Kazakh Khanate (complete list) –

• Esim, Khan (1598–1628)
• Zhangir, Khan (1628–1652)
• Batyr, Khan (1652–1680)
• Tauke, Khan (1680–1718)

Tajikistan

• Yarkent Khanate, Western Moghulistan (complete list) –

• Muhammad, Khan (1591–1610)
• Shudja ad-Din Ahmad, Khan (1610-1618)
• Kuraysh, Khan (1618)
• Abd al-Latif, Khan (1618–1630)
• Ahmad, Khan (1630-1633)
• Mahmud, Khan (1633–1636)
• Ahmad, Khan (1636-1638)
• Abdullah, Khan (1638–1669)
• Nur ad-Din, Khan (1667-1668)
• Ismail, Khan (1669–1670)
• YuIbars, Khan (1669–1670)
• Abd al Latif, Khan (1670)
• Ismail, Khan (1670-1680)
• Abd ar-Rashid II, Khan (1680-1682)
• Muhammad Amin, Khan (1682-1692)
• Abakh Khoja, Khan (1692–1694)
• Yahiya Khoja, Khan (1694–1695)
• Hanim Padsha, Khatun (1695)
• Akbash, Khan (1695-1705)

Tibet

• Guge[13]

• Khri Grags pa'i dBang phyug, King (c.1600)
• Khri Nam rgyal Grags pa lde, King (fl. 1618)
• Khri bKra shis Grags pa lde, King (pre-1622–1630)

• Phagmodrupa dynasty[14] (complete list) –

• Ngawang Drakpa Gyaltsen, Monarch (1576–1603/1604)
• Mipham Wanggyur Gyalpo, Monarch (1604–1613)
• Mipham Sonam Wangchuk Drakpa Namgyal Palzang, Monarch (early 17th century)

• Tsangpa[15] (complete list) –

• Khunpang Lhawang Dorje, Monarch (c.1582–1605/1606)
• Karma Thutob Namgyal, Monarch (c.1586–1610)
• Karma Tensung, Monarch (1599–1611)
• Karma Phuntsok Namgyal, Monarch (1611–1620)
• Karma Tenkyong, Monarch (1620–1642)

• Khoshut Khanate of Tibet

• Khans (complete list) –

• Güshi, Khan (1642–1655)
• Dayan, Khan (1655–1668)
• Tenzin Dalai, Khan (1668–1696)
• Tenzin Wangchuk, Khan (1696–1697)
• Lha-bzang, Khan (1697–1717)

• Dalai Lamas (complete list) –

• Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso, 5th Dalai Lama (1642–1682)
• Tsangyang Gyatso, 6th Dalai Lama (1697–1706)

Uzbekistan

• Khanate of Bukhara –

• Baqi Muhammad, Khan (1599–1605)
• Vali Muhammad, Khan (1605–1611)
• Imam Quli, Khan (1611–1642)
• Nadir Muhammad, Khan (1642–1645)
• Abdul Aziz, Khan (1645–1680)
• Subhan Quli, Khan (1680–1702)[16][17][18]

• Khanate of Khiva (complete list) –

• Haji Muhammad I, Khan (1558–1602)
• Arab Muhammad I, Khan (1602–1623)
• Isfandiyar, Khan (1623–1643)
• Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur, Khan (1643–1663)
• Anusha, Khan (1663–1685)
• unnamed, Khan (1685-1714)
• Khudaydad, Khan (1685–1687)
• Muhammad Awrang I, Khan (1687–1694)
• Chuchaq, Khan (1694–1697)
• Vali, Khan (1697–1698)
• Ishaq Agha Shah Niyaz, Khan (1698–1701)

• Kalmyk Khanate (complete list) –

• Kho Orluk, Khan (1633–1644)
• Shukhur Daichin, Khan (1644–1661)
• Puntsug, Khan (1661–1672)
• Ayuka, Khan (1672–1723)

China

• Ming dynasty (complete list) –

• Wanli, Emperor (1572–1620)
• Taichang, Emperor (1620)
• Tianqi, Emperor (1620–1627)
• Chongzhen, Emperor (1627–1644)

• Southern Ming (complete list) –

• Zhu Yousong, Emperor (1644–1645)
• Zhu Yujian, Emperor (1645–1646)
• Zhu Yihai, Regent / Emperor (1645–1655)
• Zhu Yuyue, Emperor (1646–1647)
• Zhu Youlang, ruler (1646–1647)
• Zhu Changqing, ruler (1648–1649)

• Shun dynasty –

• Li Zicheng, Emperor (1643–1645)

• Qing dynasty (complete list) –

• Nurhaci, Khan (1616–1626)
• Hong Taiji, Khan (1626–1636), Emperor (1636–1643)
• Shunzhi, Emperor (1643–1661)
• Kangxi, Emperor (1661–1722)

Japan

• Tokugawa shogunate of Japan

• Emperors (complete list) –

• Go-Yōzei, Emperor (1586–1611)
• Go-Mizunoo, Emperor (1611–1629)
• Meishō, Emperor (1629–1643)
• Go-Kōmyō, Emperor (1643–1654)
• Go-Sai, Emperor (1655–1663)
• Reigen, Emperor (1663–1687)
• Higashiyama, Emperor (1687–1709)

• Shōguns (complete list) –

• Tokugawa Ieyasu, Shōgun (1603–1605)
• Tokugawa Hidetada, Shōgun (1605–1623)
• Tokugawa Iemitsu, Shōgun (1623–1651)
• Tokugawa Ietsuna, Shōgun (1641–1680)
• Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Shōgun (1680–1709)

• Ryukyu Kingdom: Second Shō Dynasty –

Tributary state of the Ming dynasty, 1429–1644

• Shō Nei, King (1589–1620)

Vassal state of Satsuma Domain, 1609–1872

• Shō Hō, King (1621–1640)
• Shō Ken, King (1641–1647)
• Shō Shitsu, King (1648–1668)
• Shō Tei, King (1669–1709)

Korea

• Joseon (complete list) –

• Seonjo, King (1567–1608)
• Gwanghaegun, King (1608–1623)
• Injo, King (1623–1649)
• Hyojong, King (1649–1659)
• Hyeonjong, King (1659–1674)
• Sukjong, King (1674–1720)

Mongolia

• Alliance of the Four Oirat (complete list) –

• Kharkhul, leader (1606–1634)

• Northern Yuan dynasty (complete list) –

• Buyan Sechen, Khan (1592–1603)
• Ligdan, Khan (1604–1634)
• Ejei, Khan (1634–1635)

Brunei

• Bruneian Empire (complete list) –

• Abdul Jalilul Akbar, Sultan (1598–1659)
• Abdul Jalilul Jabbar, Sultan (1659–1660)
• Muhammad Ali, Sultan (1660–1661)
• Abdul Hakkul Mubin, Sultan (1660–1673)
• Muhyiddin, Sultan (1673–1690)
• Nassaruddin, Sultan (1690–1710)

Cambodia

• Kingdom of Cambodia: Middle Period (complete list) –

• Ponhea Nhom, King (1600–1603)
• Barom Reachea IV, King (1603–1618)
• Chey Chettha II, King (1618–1628)
• Outey, King (1628–1642)
• Thommoreachea II or Sri Dharmaraja II, King (1628–1630)
• Batom Reachea or Padumaraja I, King (1640–1642)
• Ramathipadi I, King (1642–1658)
• Barom Reachea V or Paramaraja IX, King (1658–1672)
• Chey Chettha III or Padumaraja II, King (1672–1673)
• Kaev Hua II, King (1673–1674)
• Padumaraja III, King (1674)
• Chey Chettha IV, King (1675–1695, 1696–1699, 1700–1702, 1703–1706)
• Outey I or Narai Ramathipadi II, King (1695–1696)
• Barom Ramadhipati or Kaev Hua III, King (1699–1700, 1710–1722)

Indonesia

Indonesia: Java

• Tuban –

• Arya Salempe, King (16th/17th century)
• Pangeran Dalem, King (?–1619)

• Giri –

• Sunan Prapen, Sultan (1548–1605)
• Panembahan Kawis Gua, Sultan (1605–1621)
• Panembahan Agung, Sultan (1621–1626)
• Panembahan Mas Witana, Sultan (1626–1680)

• Duchy of Surabaya (complete list) –

• Panembahan Rama, Adipati (16th/17th century)
• Pangeran Surabaya, Adipati (16th/17th century)
• Pangeran Sunjaya, Adipati (17th century)
• Raden Jayalengkara, Adipati (?–1625)

• Blambangan Kingdom (complete list) –

• Mas Karian, King (?–1632)
• Sunan Tawang Alun I, King (1633–1639)
• Tawang Alun II, King (1665–1691)
• Pangeran Pati, King (1691)
• Sasranegara, Co-King (1691–1692)
• Mancanapura, King (1691–1697)
• Pangeran Putr, King (1697–1736)

• Pasuruan –

• Adipati Pekik, King (?–1614)[19]
• Ki Gede Kapulungan, Regent (c.1614–1616/17)
• Surapati, Wiranegara I, Sultan (1686–1706)

• Banten Sultanate (complete list) –

• Pangeran Ratu, Sultan (1596–1651)[20]
• Abu’lma’ali Ahmad, Sultan (1638–c.1650)
• Ageng Tirtayasa, Sultan (1651–1683)
• Abu an-Nasr, Sultan (1682–1687)
• Abdul Fadhl, Sultan (1687–1690)
• Abdul Mahasin Muhammad Zainulabidin, Sultan (1690–1733)

• Sultanate of Cirebon (complete list) –

• Panembahan Ratu, Sultan (c.1570–1649)
• Panembahan Girilaya, Sultan (c.1650–1662)

Split into the Kraton Kasepuhan, Kraton Kanoman, Kraton Kacirebonan, Panembahan Cirebon lines

• Cirebon, Keraton Kasepuhan (complete list) –

• Sepuh I Syamsuddin, Sultan (1662–1697)[21]
• Sepuh II Jamaluddin, Sultan (1697–1723)

• Cirebon, Kraton Kanoman (complete list) –

• Anom I Badruddin, Sultan (1662–1703)[22]

• Cirebon, Panembahan line (complete list) –

• Panembahan Cirebon I Muhammad Nasruddin, Sultan (1662–1714)[23]

• Cirebon, Kraton Kacirebonan (complete list) –

• Pangeran Arya Cirebon, Kamaruddin, Sultan (1697–1723)[24]

• Bangkalan –

• Raden Kara, Sultan (1592/6–1621)[25]
• Pangeran Mas, Sultan (1621–1624)
• Cakraningrat I, Sultan (1624–1648)
• Raden Demang Malaya Kusuma, Regent (1648–1656)
• Cakraningrat II, Sultan (1648–1707)

• Sumenep –

• Pangeran Wetan, Sultan (c.1600)[26]
• Pangeran Ellor II, Sultan (?–1624)
• Kyai Mas Anggadipa, Sultan (1624–?)
• Arya Yang Pati, Sultan (?–1671)
• Yudanegara, Sultan (1671–1684)
• Pulang Jiwa, Sultan (1684–1702)

• Pamekasan –

• Adikara I, Sultan (1685–1708)[27]

• Mataram Sultanate (complete list) –

• Senopati, Sultan (1587–1601)
• Raden Mas Jolang, Sultan (1601–1613)
• Agung, Sultan (1613–1645)
• Amangkurat I, Sultan (1646–1677)
• Amangkurat II, Susuhunan (1677–1703)

Indonesia: Sumatra

• Aceh Sultanate (complete list) –

• Alauddin Ri'ayat Syah Sayyid al-Mukammal, Sultan (1589–1604)
• Ali Ri'ayat Syah III, Sultan (1604–1607)
• Iskandar Muda, Sultan (1607–1636)
• Iskandar Thani, Sultan (1636–1641)
• Taj ul-Alam, Queen (1641–1675)
• Nurul Alam Naqiatuddin Syah, Queen (1675–1678)
• Inayat Zakiatuddin Syah, Queen (1678–1688)
• Zainatuddin, Queen (1688–1699)
• Badr ul-Alam Syarif Hasyim Jamaluddin, Sultan (1699–1702)

• Johor Sultanate (complete list) –

• Alauddin Riayat Shah III, Sultan (1597–1615)
• Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah, Sultan (1615–1623)
• Abdul Jalil Shah III, Sultan (1623–1677)
• Ibrahim Shah, Sultan (1677–1685)
• Mahmud Shah II, Sultan (1685–1699)
• Abdul Jalil Shah IV (Bendahara Abdul Jalil), Sultan (1699–1720)

• Sultanate of Deli (complete list) –

• Gocah Pahlawan, Sultan (1632–1669)
• Perunggit, Sultan (1669–1698)
• Tuanku Panglima Paderap, Sultan (1698–1728)

• Sultanate of Langkat –

• Panglima Dewa Sakti, Raja (1580–1612)
• Kahar bin Panglima Dewa Sakdi, Raja (1612–1673)
• Bendahara Raja Badiuzzaman, Raja (1673–1750)

• Riau-Lingga Sultanate (complete list) –

• Alauddin Riayat Shah III, Sultan (1597–1615)
• Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah, Sultan (1615–1623)
• Abdul Jalil Shah III, Sultan (1623–1677)
• Ibrahim Shah, Sultan (1677–1685)
• Mahmud Shah II, Sultan (1685–1699)
• Abdul Jalil Shah IV, Sultan (1699–1720)

• Jambi Sultanate –

  Hilir Jambi, Sultan (1687–1696)

  Sultan Sri Maharaja Batu, Sultan (1690–1721)

Indonesia: Kalimantan (Borneo)

• Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate –

• Aji Pangeran Sinum Panji Mendapa, Sultan (c.1635–1650)

• Sultanate of Banjar (complete list) –

• Mustain Billah, Sultan (1595–1638)
• Inayatullah bin Mustainbillah, Sultan (1642–1647)
• Saidullah, Sultan (1647–1660)
• Ri'ayatullah, Sultan (1660–1663)
• Amrullah Bagus Kasuma, Sultan (1663–1679)
• Agung/Pangeran Suryanata II, Sultan (1663–1679)
• Amrullah Bagus Kasuma, Sultan (1679–1700)
• Tahmidullah I, Sultan (1700–1717)

• Sultanate of Sambas (complete list) –

• Timbang Paseban, Governor, Sultan (1600–1609)
• Sepudak, King (1609–1632)
• Anom Kesumayuda, King (1632–1670)
• Muhammad Shafi ud-din I, Sultan (1675–1685)
• Muhammad Taj ud-din I, Sultan (1685–1708)

• Bulungan –

• Kelana, Putera Singa Laut, Wira (1618–1640)
• Keranda, Putera Wira Kelana, Wira (1640–1695)
• Digendung, putra Wira Keranda, Wira (1695–1731)

Indonesia: Sulawesi

• Bone state –

• Latenri Tuppu Matinro Ri Sidenreng, King (c.1605)

• Sultanate of Gowa –

• Alau'ddin, Sultan (1593–1639)
• Malikussaid (Muhammad Said), Sultan (1639–1653)
• Hasanuddin, Sultan (1653–1669)
• Amir Hamzah, Sultan (1669–1674)
• Muhammad Ali (Karaeng Bisei), Sultan (1674–1677)
• Abdul Jalil, Sultan (1677–1709)

• Luwu –

• Andi Pattiware’ Daeng Parabung, Datu (1587–1615)
• Patipasaung, Datu (1615–1637)
• La Basso, Datu (1637–1663)
• Settiaraja, Datu (1663–1704)
• Petta Matinroe’ ri Polka, Datu (1660s)

Indonesia: Lesser Sunda Islands

• Bali Kingdom: Gelgel (complete list) –

• Dalem Seganing, King (c.1580–1623 or ?–1650)
• Dalem Di Made, King (1623–1642 or 1655–1665)
• Dewa Pacekan, King (1642–1650)
• Dewa Cawu, King (1651–c.1655)
• Anglurah Agung, usurper King (c.1665–1686)

• Kingdom of Larantuka –

• Ola Adobala, Raja (c.1665)
• Luis, Raja (c.1675)

• Bima Sultanate (complete list) –

• Abdul Kahir, Sultan (c.1620–1640)
• Ambela Abu'l-Khair Sirajuddin, Sultan (1640–1682)
• Nuruddin Abubakar Ali Syah, Sultan (1682–1687)
• Jamaluddin Ali Syah, Sultan (1687–1696)
• Hasanuddin Muhammad Ali Syah, Sultan (1697–1731)

Indonesia: West Timor

• Amanatun (complete list) –

• Pedro of Batumean, Raja (c.1642)
• João of Batumean, Raja (c.1645)

• Amarasi (complete list) –

• Dom António I, Raja (?–1665)[28]
• Dom Tomás, Raja (1665–?)
• Dom António II, Raja (c.1688)

• Amabi (complete list) –

• Sebastião, Raja (c.1652)
• Saroro Neno, Raja (c.1655)
• Ama Kefi Meu, Raja (1666–1704)

• Sonbai Besar (complete list) –

• Ama Tuan/ Ama Utang, Emperor (c.1650–c.1680)[29]

• Sonbai Kecil (complete list) –

• Ama Tuan II, Raja (1659–1672)[30]
• Bi Sonbai/ Usi Tetu Utang, Queen (1672–1717)

Indonesia: Maluku Islands

• Sultanate of Bacan (complete list) –

• Alauddin I, Sultan (1581–c.1609)[31]
• Nurusalat, Sultan (c.1609–1649)
• Muhammad Ali, Sultan (1649–1660)

Dutch protectorate 1667–1942

• Alauddin II, Sultan (1660–1706)

• Sultanate of Jailolo –

• Kodrat, Sultan (?–c.1605)[32]
• Dua, Sultan (c.1605–1613)
• Raja Buka, Sultan (1613–1656)
• Kaicil Alam, Sultan (c.1679–1684)

• Sultanate of Tidore (complete list) –

• Mole Majimu, Sultan (1599–1627)[33]
• Ngarolamo, Sultan (1627–1634)
• Gorontalo, Sultan (1634–1639)
• Saidi, Sultan (1640–1657)
• Saifuddin, Golofino, Sultan (1657–1689)

Dutch protectorate 1657–1905

• Hamza Faharuddin, Sultan (1689–1705)

• Sultanate of Ternate (complete list) –

• Said Barakat Shah, Sultan (1583–1606)
• Muzaffar Shah I, Sultan (1607–1627)
• Hamzah, Sultan (1627–1648)
• Mandar Shah/ Manlarsaha, Sultan (1648–1650)
• Manilha, Sultan (1650–1655)
• Mandar Shah, Sultan (1655–1675)

Dutch protectorate 1683–1915

• Sibori, Sultan (1675–1689)
• Said Fathullah, Sultan (1689–1714)

Laos

• Lan Xang (complete list) –

• Voravongsa II, King (1598–1622)
• Oupagnouvarath, King (1622–1623)
• Photisarath II, King (1623–1627)
• Mon Keo, King (1621–1622)
• Tone Kham, King (1627–1633)
• Vichai, King (1633–1637)
• Souligna Vongsa, King (1637–1695)
• Tian Thala, King (c.1695)
• Ong Lo, King (1694–1698)
• Nan Tharat, King (1699)
• Setthathirath II, King (1700–1707)

• Muang Phuan (complete list) –

• Kham Sanh, King (1651–1688)
• Kam Lan, King (1688–1700)

Malaysia

Peninsular Malaysia

• Kedah Sultanate (complete list) –

• Mudzaffar Shah III, Sultan, (1547–1602)
• Sulaiman Shah II, Sultan, (1602–1626)
• Rijaluddin Muhammad Shah, Sultan, (1626–1652)
• Muhyiddin Mansur Shah, Sultan, (1652–1662)
• Dziaddin Mukarram Shah I, Sultan, (1662–1688)
• Ataullah Muhammad Shah II, Sultan, (1688–1698)
• Abdullah Mu'adzam Shah, Sultan, (1698–1706)

• Kelantan Sultanate: Champa dynasty (complete list) –

• Muhammad ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim, Sultan (1597–1602)
• Addil ud-din, Sultan (1579–1597, 1602–1605)
• Samir ud-din, Sultan (1605–1616)
• 'Abdu'l Kadir, Sultan (1616–1637)
• Sakti I, Raja (1637–1649)
• Loyor bin Raja Sakti I, Raja (1649–1663)
• Puteri Saadong, Raja (1663–1667)
• Sa'adong I, Rata (1667–1671)
• Abdul Rahim, Sultan (1671–1676)
• Omar Ibni Al-Marhum Raja Sakti I, Sultan (1675–1721)

• Pahang Sultanate (complete list) –

• Abdul Ghafur Muhiuddin Shah, Sultan (1592–1614)
• Alauddin Riayat Shah, Sultan (1614–1615)
• Abdul Jalil Shah III, Sultan of Pahang (1615–1617), Sultan of Johor (1623–1677)

• Johor Sultanate (complete list) –

• Alauddin Riayat Shah III, Sultan (1597–1615)
• Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah, Sultan (1615–1623)
• Abdul Jalil Shah III, Sultan of Pahang (1615–1617), Sultan of Johor (1623–1677)
• Ibrahim Shah, Sultan (1677–1685)
• Mahmud II, Sultan (1685–1699)
• Abdul Jalil Shah IV, Sultan (1699–1720)

• Perak Sultanate (complete list) –

Malacca dynasty

• Alauddin Riayat Shah I, Sultan (1594–1603)
• Mukaddam Riayat Shah I, Sultan (1603–1619)
• Ahmad Mansur Riayat Shah II, Sultan (1619–1627)
• Mahmud Riayat Shah I, Sultan (1627–1630)
• Sallehuddin Riayat Shah, Sultan (1630–1636)

Siak dynasty

• Muzaffar Riayat Shah II, Sultan (1636–1653)
• Mahmud Iskandar Shah, Sultan (1653–1720)

Malaysian Borneo

• Sultanate of Sarawak –

• Tengah, Sultan (1599–1641)

Myanmar / Burma

• Kingdom of Mrauk U (complete list) –

• Razagyi, King (1593–1612)
• Khamaung, King (1612–1622)
• Thiri Thudhamma, King (1622–1638)
• Sanay, King (1638)
• Narapati, King (1638–1645)
• Thado, King (1645–1652)
• Sanda Thudhamma, King (1652–1674)
• Thiri Thuriya, King (1674–1685)
• Wara Dhammaraza, King (1685–1692)
• Muni Thudhammaraza, King (1692–1694)
• Sanda Thuriya I, King (1694–1696)
• Nawrahta, King (1696)
• Mayuppiya, King (1696–1697)
• Kalamandat, King (1697–1698)
• Naradipati, King (1698–1700)
• Sanda Wimala I, King (1700–1707)

• Toungoo dynasty (complete list) –

• Nyaungyan, King (1599–1605)
• Anaukpetlun, King (1605–1628)
• Minye Deibba, King (1628–1629)
• Thalun, King (1629–1648)
• Pindale, King (1648–1661)
• Pye, King (1661–1672)
• Narawara, King (1672–1673)
• Minye Kyawhtin, King (1673–1698)
• Sanay Min, King (1698–1714)

Philippines

• Sultanate of Sulu (complete list) –

• Batarah Shah Tengah, Sultan (1596–1608)
• Muwallil Wasit I, Sultan (1610–1650)
• Muhammad Kudarat, Sultan of Maguindanao (1619–1671), Sultan of Sulu as Nasir ud-Din II (1645–1648)
• Salah ud-Din, Sultan (1649/50–1680)
• Ali Shah, Sultan (late 17th century)
• Nur ul-Azam, ruler (late 17th century)
• Shahab ud-Din, Sultan (1685–1710)

• Sultanate of Maguindanao (complete list) –

• Kapitan Laut Buisan, Sultan (1597–1619)
• Muhammad Kudarat, Sultan of Maguindanao (1619–1671), Sultan of Sulu as Nasir ud-Din II (1645–1648)
• Barahaman, Sultan (c.1678–1699)
• Kahar Ud-din Kuda, Sultan (?–1702)

• Spanish East Indies, part of the Captaincy General of the Philippines (complete list) –

Colony, 1565–1901

For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Thailand

• Lan Na: Burmese rule (complete list) –

• Nawrahta Minsaw, King (1579–1607/08)
• Thado Minsaw (Phra Choi), King (1607/08–1608/09)
• Minye Deibba (Phra Chaiyathip), King (1608/09–1614)
• Thado Kyaw, King (1614)
• Si Songmueang, King (1615–1631)
• Thipphanet, Lord (1631–1655)
• Phra Saenmueang, King (1655–1659)
• King of Phrae, King (1659–1672)
• Uengsae of Ava, Viceroy (1672–1675)
• Che Putarai, King (1675–1707)

• Ayutthaya Kingdom (complete list) –

Sukhothai dynasty

• Naresuan, King of Sukhothai (1570–1590), King of Ayutthaya (1590–1605)
• Ekathotsarot, King (1605–1620)
• Si Saowaphak, King (1620)
• Songtham, King (1620–1628)
• Chetthathirat, King (1628–1629)
• Athittayawong, King (1629)

Prasat Thong dynasty

• Prasat Thong, King (1629–1656)
• Chai, King (1656)
• Si Suthammaracha, King (1656)
• Narai, King (1656–1688)

Ban Phlu Luang dynasty

• Phetracha, King (1688–1703)

Vietnam

• Mạc dynasty (complete list) –

• Mạc Kính Cung, Emperor (1593–1625)
• Mạc Kính Khoan, Emperor (1623–1638)
• Mạc Kính Vũ , Emperor (1638–1677)

• Champa (complete list) –

• Po Ro Me, King (1627–1651)
• Po Niga, King (1652–1660)
• Po Saut, King (1660–1692)
• Po Saktirai da putih, King (1695–1728)

• Revival Lê dynasty (complete list) –

• Lê Kính Tông, Emperor (1600–1619)
• Lê Thần Tông, Emperor (1619–1643, 1649–1662)
• Lê Chân Tông, Emperor (1643–1649)
• Lê Huyền Tông, Emperor (1663–1671)
• Lê Gia Tông, Emperor (1672–1675)
• Lê Hy Tông, Emperor (1676–1704)

• Nguyễn lords (complete list) –

• Nguyễn Hoàng, Lord (1558–1613)
• Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên, Lord (1613–1635)
• Nguyễn Phúc Lan, Lord (1635–1648)
• Nguyễn Phúc Tần, Lord (1648–1687)
• Nguyễn Phúc Thái, Lord (1687–1691)
• Nguyễn Phúc Chu, Lord (1691–1725)

• Trịnh lords (complete list) –

• Trịnh Tùng, Lord (1570–1623)
• Trịnh Tráng, Lord (1623–1652)
• Trịnh Tạc, Lord (1653–1682)
• Trịnh Căn, Lord (1682–1709)

Bengal

• Mallabhum (complete list) –

• Bir Hambir, King (1565–1620)
• Dhari Hambir Malla Dev, King (1620–1626)
• Raghunath Singha Dev, King (1626–1656)
• Bir Singha Dev, King (1656–1682)
• Durjan Singha Dev, King (1682–1702)

• Bhurshut (complete list) –

• Pratapnarayan, Maharaja (17th century)
• Naranarayan, Maharaja (17th century)
• Lakshminarayan, Maharaja (c.1695–1712)

• Jaintia Kingdom

• Dhan Manik, King (1596–1612)
• Jasa Manik, King (1612–1625)
• Sundar Ray, King (1625–1636)
• Chota Parbat Ray, King (1636–1647)
• Jasamanta Ray, King (1647–1660)
• Ban Singh, King (1660–1669)
• Pratap Singh, King (1669–1678)
• Lakshmi Narayan, King (1678–1694)
• Ram Singh I, King (1694–1708)

Bhutan

• Bhutan (complete list) –

• Tenzin Drukgye, Druk Desis (1650–1655)
• Tenzin Drukdra, Druk Desis (1655–1667)
• Minjur Tenpa, Druk Desis (1667–1680)
• Tenzin Rabgye, Druk Desis (1680–1694)
• Gedun Chomphel, Druk Desis (1695–1701)

Maldives

• Sultanate of the Maldives (complete list) –

Hilaalee Dynasty

• Dom Philippe, King (1603–1632)

Utheemu dynasty

• Muhammad Imaduddin I, Sultan (1632–1648)
• Ibrahim Iskandar I, Sultan (1648–1687)
• Kuda Muhammad, Sultan (1687–1691)
• Muhammad Mohyeddine, Sultan (1691–1692)

Hilaalee Dynasty

• Muhammad Shamsuddeen I, Sultan (1692)

Isdhoo Dynasty

• Mohamed IV, Sultan (1692–1701)

Nepal

• Gorkha Kingdom –

• Dravya Shah, King (1559–1570)
• Purna Shah, King (1570–1605)
• Chatra Shah, King (1605–1609)
• Ram Shah, King (1609–1633)
• Dambar Shah, King (1633–1645)
• Krishna Shah, King (1645–1661)
• Rudra Shah, King (1661–1673)
• Prithvipati Shah, King (1673–1716)
• Ganesh Pande, Kaji(Minister) (1559-1606)

Sri Lanka

• Portuguese Ceylon (complete list) –

Colony, 1505–1658

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

• Dutch Ceylon (complete list) –

Colony, 1656–1796

For details see the Dutch Republic under Western Europe

• Kingdom of Kandy (complete list) –

• Vimaladharmasuriya I, King (1590–1604)
• Senarat, King (1604–1635)
• Rajasinghe II, King (1635–1687)
• Vimaladharmasurya II, King (1687–1707)

• Jaffna Kingdom (complete list) –

• Ethirimana Cinkam, King (1591–1616)
• Cankili II, King (1617–1619)
• Don Constantine, King (1619–1624, Portuguese puppet)

• Kingdom of Kandy (complete list) –

• Sena Sammatha Wickramabahu, King (1473–1511)
• Jayaweera Astana, King (1511–1551)
• Karaliyadde Bandara, King (1551–1581)
• Dona Catherina, King (1581–1581)
• Rajasinha I, King (1581–1591)
• Vimaladharmasuriya I, King (1590–1604)
• Senarat, King (1604–1635)
• Rajasinghe II, King (1635–1687)
• Vimaladharmasurya II, King (1687–1707)

Turkey

• Ottoman Empire

• Sultans –

• Mehmed III, Sultan (1595–1603)
• Ahmed I, Sultan (1603–1617)
• Mustafa I, Sultan (1617–1618, 1622–1623)
• Osman II, Sultan (1618–1622)
• Murad IV, Sultan (1623–1640)
• Ibrahim I, Sultan (1640–1648)
• Mehmed IV, Sultan (1648–1687)
• Suleiman II, Sultan (1687–1691)
• Ahmed II, Sultan (1691–1695)
• Mustafa II, Sultan (1695–1703)

• Grand Viziers –

• Damat Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier (1599–1601)
• Yemişçi Hasan Pasha, Grand Vizier (1601–1603)
• Yavuz Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1603–1604)
• Sokolluzade Lala Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1604–1606)
• Boşnak Derviş Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1606)
• Kuyucu Murad Pasha, Grand Vizier (1606–1611)
• Nasuh Pasha, Grand Vizier (1611–1614)
• Öküz Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1614–1616)
• Damat Halil Pasha, Grand Vizier (1616–1619)
• Öküz Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1619–1619)
• Güzelce Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1619–1621)
• Ohrili Hüseyin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1621)
• Dilaver Pasha, Grand Vizier (1621–1622)
• Kara Davud Pasha, Grand Vizier (1622)
• Mere Hüseyin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1622)
• Lefkeli Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1622)
• Gürcü Hadım Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1622–1623)
• Mere Hüseyin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1623)
• Kemankeş Kara Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1623–1624)
• Çerkes Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1624–1625)
• Filibeli Hafız Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1625–1626)
• Damat Halil Pasha, Grand Vizier (1626–1628)
• Gazi Ekrem Hüsrev Pasha, Grand Vizier (1628–1631)
• Hafiz Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1631–1632)
• Topal Recep Pasha, Grand Vizier (1632)
• Tabanıyassı Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1632–1637)
• Bayram Pasha, Grand Vizier (1637–1638)
• Tayyar Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1638)
• Kemankeş Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1638–1644)
• Sultanzade Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1644–1645)
• Nevesinli Salih Pasha, Grand Vizier (1645–1647)
• Kara Musa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1647)
• Hezarpare Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1647–1648)
• Sofu Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1648–1649)
• Kara Murat Pasha, Grand Vizier (1649–1650)
• Melek Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1650–1651)
• Abaza Siyavuş Pasha I, Grand Vizier (1651)
• Gürcü Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1651–1652)
• Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1652–1653)
• Bıyıklı Koca Derviş Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1653–1654)
• Ibşir Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1654–1655)
• Kara Dev Murad Pasha, Grand Vizier (1655)
• Ermeni Süleyman Pasha, Grand Vizier (1655)
• Gazi Hüseyin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1656)
• Zurnazen Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1656)
• Abaza Siyavuş Pasha I, Grand Vizier (1656)
• Boynuyaralı Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1656)
• Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1656–1661)
• Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1661–1676)
• Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1676–1683)
• Bayburtlu Kara Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier (1683–1685)
• Sarı Süleyman Pasha, Grand Vizier (1685–1687)
• Abaza Siyavuş Pasha II, Grand Vizier (1687–1688)
• Ayaşlı Ismail Pasha, Grand Vizier (1688)
• Tekirdağlı Bekri Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1688–1689)
• Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1689–1691)
• Bahadırzade Arabacı Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1691–1692)
• Merzifonlu Çalık Hacı Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1692–1693)
• Bozoklu (Bıyıklı)Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1694)
• Sürmeli Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1694–1695)
• Elmas Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1695–1697)
• Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1697–1702)

Yemen

• Kathiri State of Seiyun –

• Dscha'far ibn 'Abdallah al-Kathir, Sultan (1670–1690)
• Badr ibn Dscha'far al-Kathir, Sultan (1690–1707)

• Yemeni Zaidi State –

• al-Mansur al-Qasim, Imam (1597-1620)
• al-Mu'ayyad Muhammad, Imam (1620-1640)
• al-Mutawakkil Isma'il, Imam (1640-1676)
• al-Mahdi Ahmad, Imam (1676-1681)
• al-Mu'ayyad Muhammad II, Imam (1681-1686)
• al-Mahdi Muhammad, Imam (1689-1718)

• Lower Yafa –

• Afif, ruler (1681–1700)
• Qahtan ibn Afif, ruler (1700–1720)

• Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro (complete list) –

• Danilo I, Prince-Bishop (1696–1735)

Scotland

• Kingdom of Scotland (complete list) –

• James VI, King (1567–1625)
• Charles I, King (1625–1649)
• Charles II, King (1649–1651)
• James VII, King (1651–1688)
• Mary II, Queen co-regnant (1689–1694)
• William II, King co-regnant (1689–1702)

Ireland

• Leinster (complete list) –

• Domhnall Spáinneach mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1582–1603)

Holy Roman Empire in Germany

• Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany

• Emperors Elect, Kings –

• Rudolph II, Emperor Elect (1576–1612), King (1575–1612)
• Matthias, Emperor Elect (1612–1619), King (1612–1618)
• Ferdinand II, Emperor Elect (1619–1637), King (1618–1637)
• Ferdinand III, Emperor Elect (1637–1657), King (1636–1657)
• Ferdinand IV, co-King (1653–1654)
• Leopold I, Emperor Elect, King (1658–1705)

• Reichsvizekanzler: Vice Chancellor –

• Rudolf Coraduz von und zu Nußdorf, Vice Chancellor (1597–1606)
• Leopold von Stralendorf, Vice Chancellor (1606–1612)
• Hans Ludwig von Ulm, Vice Chancellor (1612–1627)
• Peter Heinrich von Stralendorf, Vice Chancellor (1627–1637)
• Ferdinand Sigismund Graf Kurtz von Senftenau, Vice Chancellor (1637–1659)
• Wilderich von Walderdorff, Vice Chancellor (1660–1669)
• Leopold Wilhelm Graf von Königsegg-Rothenfels, Vice Chancellor (1669–1694)
• Gottlieb Amadeus Graf von Windisch-Graetz, Vice Chancellor (1694–1695)
• Dominik Andreas I. von Kaunitz, Vice Chancellor (1698–1705)

Bohemia, Hungary

• Kingdom of Bohemia, Kingdom of Hungary (complete list, complete list) –

• Rudolph II, King of Bohemia (1576–1611), of Hungary (1576–1608)
• Matthias, King of Bohemia (1611–1619), of Hungary (1608–1619)
• Ferdinand II, King of Bohemia (1617–1619, 1620–1637), of Hungary (1619–1637)
• Frederick, King of Bohemia (1619–1620)
• Ferdinand III, King of Bohemia (1627–1657), of Hungary (1637–1657)
• Ferdinand IV, co-King of Bohemia (1646–1657), of Hungary (1647–1654)
• Leopold I, King of Bohemia (1656–1705), of Hungary (1657–1705)

Poland

• Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth: Kingdom of Poland (complete list) –

• Sigismund III Vasa, King and Grand Duke (1587–1632)
• Władysław IV Vasa, King and Grand Duke (1632–1648)
• John II Casimir Vasa, King and Grand Duke (1648–1668)
• Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, King and Grand Duke (1669–1673)
• John III Sobieski, King and Grand Duke (1674–1696)
• Augustus II the Strong, King and Grand Duke (1697–1706, 1709–1733)

Austrian

• Archduchy of Austria (complete list) –

• Rudolf V, Archduke (1576–1608)
• Matthias, Archduke (1608–1619)
• Albert VII, Archduke (1619)
• Ferdinand III, Archduke (1590, 1619–1637)
• Ferdinand IV, Archduke (1637–1657)
• Leopold V, Archduke (1623–1632)
• Ferdinand Charles, Archduke (1632–1662)
• Sigismund Francis, Archduke (1662–1665)
• Leopold VI, Archduke (1657, 1665–1705)

• Principality of Auersperg (complete list) –

• Prince-Bishopric of Brixen (complete list) –

• Christopher Andrew of Spauer, Prince-bishop (1601–1613)
• Charles of Austria, Prince-bishop (1613–1624)
• Hieronymus Otto Agricola, Prince-bishop (1625–1627)
• Daniel Zen, Prince-bishop (1627–1628)
• Wilhelm of Welsperg, Prince-bishop (1629–1641)
• Johann Platzgummer, Prince-bishop (1641–1647)
• Anton Crosini of Bonporto, Prince-bishop (1647–1663)
• Sigmund Alphons of Thun, Prince-bishop (1663–1677)
• Paulinus Mayr, Prince-bishop (1677–1685)
• Johann Franz Graf Khuen of Belasi, Prince-bishop (1685–1702)

• Duchy of Carinthia (complete list) –

• Ferdinand II, Duke (1590–1637)

• Liechtenstein (complete list) –

• Karl I, Prince (1608–1627)
• Karl Eusebius, Prince (1627–1684)
• Hans-Adam I, Prince (1684–1712)

• Tarasp –

1684–1864

• Prince-Bishopric of Trent (complete list) –

• Carlo Gaudenzio Madruzzo, Prince-bishop (1600–1629)
• Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo, Prince-bishop (1629–1658)
• Sigismund Francis of Austria, Prince-bishop (1659–1665)
• Ernst Adalbert von Harrach, Prince-bishop (1665–1667)
• Sigismund Alfons von Thun, Prince-bishop (1668–1677)
• Francesco Alberti di Pola, Prince-bishop (1677–1689)
• Giuseppe Vittorio Alberti di Enno, Prince-bishop (1689–1695)
• Johann Michael Graf von Spaur, Prince-bishop (1696–1725)

Bavarian

• Duchy/ Electorate of Bavaria (complete list) –

• Maximilian I, Duke (1597–1623), Elector (1623–1651)
• Ferdinand Maria, Elector (1651–1679)
• Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector (1679–1726)

• Pappenheim (complete list) –

• Philip, Lord (1558–1619)
• Wolfgang Christopher, Lord (1585–1628), Count (1628–1635)
• Wolfgang Philip, Count (1628–1671)
• Charles Philip Gustav, Count (1671–1692)
• Louis Francis, Count (1692–1697)
• Christian Ernest, co-Count (1697–1721)

• Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen (complete list) –

• Johann, Count Palatine and Duke of Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen (1739–1780)

Burgundian

• County of Burgundy (complete list) –

• Isabella Clara Eugenia, Countess, and [Albert VII, Archduke of Austria|Albert]], Count (1598–1621)
• Philip VIII, Count (1621–1665)[34]
• Charles III, Count (1665–1678)

• Duchy of Brabant (complete list) –

• Isabella Clara Eugenia, Duchess, Albert, Duke (1598–1621)
• Philip V, Duke (1621–1665)
• Charles III, Duke (1665–1700)
• Philip VI, Duke (1700–1706)

• Duchy of Luxemburg (complete list) –

• Isabella Clara Eugenia, Duchess, and Albert, Duke (1598–1621)
• Philip IV, Duke (1621–1665)
• Charles IV, Duke (1665–1700)
• Philip V, Duke (1700–1712)

Franconian

• Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (complete list) –

• Philipp Ernst I (1744–1753, Count 1697–1744)

• Schönborn (complete list) –

• John IV, Lord of Schönborn (1490–1529)

Electoral Rhenish

• Elector-Bishopric of Mainz (complete list) –

• Wolfgang von Dalberg, Archbishop-elector (1582–1601)
• Johann Adam von Bicken, Archbishop-elector (1601–1604)
• Johann Schweikhard von Kronberg, Archbishop-elector (1604–1626)
• Georg Friedrich von Greiffenklau, Archbishop-elector (1626–1629)
• Anselm Casimir Wambold von Umstadt, Archbishop-elector (1629–1647)
• Johann Philipp von Schönborn, Archbishop-elector (1647–1673)
• Lothar Friedrich von Metternich-Burscheid, Archbishop-elector (1673–1675)
• Damian Hartard von der Leyen-Hohengeroldseck, Archbishop-elector (1675–1678)
• Karl Heinrich von Metternich-Winneburg, Archbishop-elector (1679)
• Anselm Franz von Ingelheim, Archbishop-elector (1679–1695)
• Lothar Franz von Schönborn, Archbishop-elector (1695–1729)

• Electoral Palatinate (complete list) –

Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler

Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen

Palatinate-Kleeburg

Palatinate-Landsberg

Palatinate-Neuburg

Palatinate-Simmern

Palatinate-Sulzbach

Palatinate-Sulzbach-Hilpoltsein

Palatinate-Veldenz

Palatinate-Veldenz-Gutenberg

Palatinate-Veldenz-Lützelstein

Palatinate-Zweibrücken

Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld

• Otto Henry, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (1569–1604)
• Philip Louis, Count Palatine of Neuburg (1569–1604)
• Philip Louis, Count Palatine of Neuburg and Sulzbach (1604–1614)
• Frederick IV the Righteous, Elector (1583–1610)
• George Gustavus, Count Palatine of Veldenz (1598–1634)
• John Augustus, Count Palatine of Veldenz-Lützelstein (1598–1611)
• Louis Philip I, Count Palatine of Veldenz-Gutenberg (1598–1601)
• George John II, Count Palatine of Veldenz-Gutenberg (1598–1654)
• George William, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (1608–1669)
• Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen (1615–1654)
• John II the Younger, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1604–1635)
• Frederick Casimir, Count Palatine of Landsberg (1604–1645)
• John Casimir, Count Palatine of Kleeburg (1604–1652)
• Frederick V the Winter King, Elector (1610–1623)
• Electoral Palatinate briefly annexed to Maximilian I, Electorate of Bavaria (1623–1648)
• Louis Philip II, Count Palatine of Simmern (1610–1655)
• Wolfgang William, Count Palatine of Neuburg (1614–1653)
• Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (1614–1632)
• John Frederick, Count Palatine of Sulzbach-Hilpoltsein (1614–1644)
• Christian Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (1632–1708)
• Leopold Louis, Count Palatine of Veldenz (1634–1694)
• Frederick I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1635–1661)
• Frederick Louis, Count Palatine of Landsberg (1645–1661)
• Frederick Louis, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1661–1677)
• Charles Louis, Elector (1648–1680)
• Charles Gustavus, Count Palatine of Kleeburg (1652–1654)
• Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg (1654–1689)
• Louis Henry, Count Palatine of Simmern (1655–1674)
• Charles Otto, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (1669–1671)
• Christian II, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen (1654–1671)
• Charles II, Elector (1680–1685)
• Philip William, Count Palatine of Neuburg (1653–1685)
• Philip William, Elector (1685–1690)
• Charles III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1693–1697)
• John Charles, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen (1654–1704)
• Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (1671–1717)
• Adolph John II, Count Palatine of Kleeburg (1689–1701)
• John William, Elector (1690–1716)

• Elector-Bishopric of Trier (complete list) –

• Lothar von Metternich, Archbishop-elector (1599–1623)
• Philipp Christoph von Sötern, Archbishop-elector (1623–1652)
• Karl Kaspar von der Leyen-Hohengeroldseck, Archbishop-elector (1652–1676)
• Johann Hugo von Orsbeck, Archbishop-elector (1676–1711)

Lower Rhenish–Westphalian

• Bentheim-Alpen (complete list) –

(1606–1629)

• Bentheim-Bentheim (complete list) –

(1277–1530, 1643–1806)

• Bentheim-Limburg (complete list) –

(1606–1632)

• Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda (complete list) –

(1606–1806)

• Duchy of Cleves, County of Mark (complete list, complete list) –

• John William, Duke of Cleves, Count of Mark (1592–1609)
• John Sigismund of Hohenzollern, Duke of Cleves, Count of Mark (1614–1619)

incorporated into Brandenburg

• Essen Abbey (complete list) –

• Margarete Elisabeth von Manderscheid-Blankenheim, Princess-Abbess (1598–1604)
• Elisabeth IX von Bergh-s’Heerenberg, Princess-Abbess (1604–1614)
• Maria Clara von Spaur, Pflaum und Vallier, Princess-Abbess (1614–1644)
• Anna Eleonore von Stauffen, Princess-Abbess (1644–1645)
• Anna Salome von Salm-Reifferscheid, Princess-Abbess (1646–1688)
• Anna Salome of Manderscheid-Blankenheim, Princess-Abbess (1690–1691)
• Bernhardine Sophia of East Frisia and Rietberg, Princess-Abbess (1691–1726)

• Lippe-Biesterfeld (complete list) –

• Friedrich Carl August *(1736–1781)

• S (complete list) –a (complete list) –lm (complete list) –-Reifferscheid (complete list) –

• Karl Anton Joseph, Count (Altgraf) of Salm-Reifferscheid (1734–1755)

• County of Sayn (complete list) –

• Henry IV, co-Count (1560–1606)
• Anna Elizabeth, Countess (1606–1608)

• County of Wied (complete list) –

• William IV, Count (1581–1612)
• Herman II, Count (1581–1631)
• Frederick II, Count, Upper (1631–1640), Count, Lower (1638–1698)

partitioned between the lower Wied-Neuwied and upper Wied-Runkel

Upper Rhenish

• Prince-Bishopric of Basel (complete list) –

• Jakob Christoph Blarer von Wartensee, Prince-bishop (1575–1608)
• Wilhelm Rink von Baldenstein, Prince-bishop (1608–1628)
• Johann Heinrich von Ostheim, Prince-bishop (1628–1646)
• Beat Albrecht von Ramstein, Prince-bishop (1646–1651)
• Johann Franz von Schönau-Zell, Prince-bishop (1651–1656)
• Johann Konrad von Roggenbach, Prince-bishop (1656–1693)
• Wilhelm Jakob Rink von Baldenstein, Prince-bishop (1693–1705)

• Hesse-Homburg (complete list) –

• Friedrich IV (1746–1751)

• Isenburg-Birstein (complete list) –

• Wolfgang Ernst I 1711–1744. (1744–1754)

• Isenburg-Meerholz (complete list) –

• Karl Friedrich (1724–1774)

• Isenburg-Wächtersbach (complete list) –

• Ferdinand Maximilian II (1703–1755)

• Leiningen (complete list) –-Westerburg-Altleiningen (complete list) –

• Duchy of Lorraine (complete list) –

• Charles III, Duke (1545–1608)
• Henry II, Duke (1608–1624)
• Nicole, Duchess suo jure (1624–1625)
• Francis II, Duke (1625)
• Charles IV, Duke (1625–1634, 1661–1675)
• Nicholas II, Duke (1634–1661)
• Charles V, Duke (1675–1690)
• Leopold, Duke (1690–1729)

• Nassau-Usingen (complete list) –

• Karl (1718–1775)

• Nassau-Weilburg (complete list) –

• Louis I, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (1492–1523)

• Salm-Grumbach (complete list) –

• Karl Walrad Wilhelm (1727–1763)

• Salm-Leuze (complete list) –

• Philipp Joseph (1716–1779)

• Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck (complete list) –

• August Eugen Bernhard, Count (Altgraf) of Salm-Dyck (1727–1767)

• Saxe-Lauenburg (complete list) –

• Francis II,[35] Duke (1578–1619)
• Maurice, Duke (1581–1612)
• Augustus,[36] Duke (1619–1656)
• Julius Henry, Duke (1656–1665)
• Francis Erdmann, Duke (1665–1666)
• Julius Francis, Duke (1666–1689)
• George William, Duke (1689–1705)

• Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (complete list) –

• Ludwig Ferdinand (1741–1773)

• Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein (complete list) –

• Karl Friedrich Wilhelm (1735–1756)

• Prince-Bishopric of Speyer (complete list) –

• Eberhard of Dienheim, Prince-bishop (1581–1610)
• Philipp Christoph von Sötern, Prince-bishop (1610–1652)
• Lothar Friedrich of Metternich, Prince-bishop (1652–1675)
• Johann Hugo von Orsbeck, Prince-bishop (1675–1711)

• Prince-Bishopric of Worms (complete list) –

• Philipp von Rothenstein, Prince-bishop (1595–1604)
• Philipp II. Kratz von Scharfenstein, Prince-bishop (1604)
• Wilhelm von Essern, Prince-bishop (1604–1616)
• Georg Friedrich von Greiffenklau, Prince-bishop (1616–1629)
• Georg Anton von Rodenstein, Prince-bishop (1629–1652)
• Hugo Eberhard Kratz von Scharfenstein, Prince-bishop (1654–1663)
• Johann Philipp von Schönborn, Prince-bishop (1663–1673)
• Lothar Friedrich von Metternich-Burscheid, Prince-bishop (1673–1675)
• Damian Hartard von der Leyen-Hohengeroldseck, Prince-bishop (1675–1678)
• Karl Heinrich von Metternich-Winneburg, Prince-bishop (1679)
• Franz Emmerich Kaspar von Waldbott von Bassenheim, Prince-bishop (1679–1683)
• Johannes Karl von und zu Franckenstein, Prince-bishop (1683–1691)
• Ludwig Anton von Pfalz-Neuburg, Prince-bishop (1691–1694)
• Count Palatine Francis Louis of Neuburg, Prince-bishop (1694–1732)

Lower Saxon

• Bremen (complete list) – List of mayors of Bremen (complete list) –

• Mayors Heinrich Lampe I (1745–1756)

• Electorate of Hanover (complete list) –

• Georg Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Elector of the Holy Roman Empire Prince Elector designate (1698–1708)

Upper Saxon

• Principality of Anhalt-Dornburg (complete list) –

• John Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Dornburg (1667–1704)

• Brandenburg-Prussia (complete list) –

• Frederick William (1640 –1688)

• Reuss-Ebersdorf (complete list) –

• Heinrich XXIV (1747–1779)

• Reuss-Schleiz (complete list) –

• Heinrich XII (1744–1784)

• Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (complete list) –

• John Ernest IV (1680–1729)

• Saxe-Eisenberg (complete list) –

• Christian (1680–1707)

• Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (complete list) –

• Frederick II (1691–1732)

• Saxe-Hildburghausen (complete list) –

• Ernest (1680–1715)

• Saxe-Meiningen (complete list) –

• Bernard I (1680–1706)

• Saxe-Römhild (complete list) –

• Henry (1680–1710)

• Stolberg-Wernigerode (complete list) –

• Henry Ernest, Count of Stolberg (1645-1672)

Swabian

• Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg (complete list) –

• Heinrich von Knöringen, Prince-bishop (1599–1646)
• Sigismund Francis, Prince-bishop (1646–1665)
• Johann Christoph von Freyberg-Allmendingen, Prince-bishop (1666–1690)
• Alexander Sigismund von der Pfalz-Neuburg, Prince-bishop (1690–1737)

• Prince-Provostry of Ellwangen (complete list) –

• Wolfgang of Hausen, Prince-provost (1584–1603)
• Johann Christoph I of Westerstetten, Prince-provost (1603–1613)
• Johann Christoph II of Freyberg-Eisenberg, Prince-provost (1613–1620)
• Johann Jakob Blarer of Wartensee, Prince-provost (1621–1654)
• Johann Rudolf of Rechberg, Prince-provost (1654–1660)
• Johann Christoph von Freyberg-Allmendingen, Prince-provost (1660–1674)
• Johann Christoph IV, Prince-provost (1674–1687)
• Heinrich Christoph of Wolframsdorf, Prince-provost (1687–1689)
• Ludwig Anton von Pfalz-Neuburg, Prince-provost (1689–1694)
• Francis Louis, Prince-provost (1694–1732)

• Hohenlohe-Bartenstein (complete list) –

• Karl Philipp Franz (1744–1763, Count 1729–1744)

• Hohenlohe-Langenburg (complete list) –

• Ludwig (1715–1764, Prince 1764–1765)

• Princely Abbey of Kempten (complete list) –

• Johann Adam Renner of Allmendingen, Prince-abbot (1594–1607)
• Henry VIII of Ulm -Langenrhein, Prince-abbot (1607–1616)
• Johann Eucharius of Wolffurt, Prince-abbot (1616–1631)
• Johann Willibald Schenk of Castell, Prince-abbot (1631–1639)
• de:Roman Giel von Gielsberg, Prince-abbot (1639–1673)
• de:Bernhard Gustav von Baden-Durlach, Prince-abbot (1673–1677)
• de:Rupert von Bodman, Prince-abbot (1678–1728)

• Leiningen-Westerburg-Altleiningen (complete list) –

• Leiningen-Westerburg-Neuleiningen (complete list) –

• Duchy of Württemberg (complete list) –

• Frederick I, Duke of Württemberg, Duke (1593–1608)
• John Frederick, Duke of Württemberg, Duke (1608–1628)
• Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg, Duke (1628–1674)
• William Louis, Duke of Württemberg, Duke (1674–1677)
• Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg, Duke (1677–1733)

• Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth: Grand Duchy of Lithuania (complete list) –

• Sigismund III Vasa, King and Grand Duke (1587–1632)
• Władysław IV Vasa, King and Grand Duke (1632–1648)
• John II Casimir Vasa, King and Grand Duke (1648–1668)
• Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, King and Grand Duke (1669–1673)
• John III Sobieski, King and Grand Duke (1674–1696)
• Augustus II the Strong, King and Grand Duke (1697–1706, 1709–1733)

• Tsardom of Russia (complete list) –

• Boris Godunov, Tsar (1598–1605)
• Feodor II, Tsar (1605)
• Dmitriy I, Tsar (1605–1606)
• Vasili IV, Tsar (1606–1610)
• Vladislav I, Tsar (1610–1612)
• Michael I, Tsar (1613–1645)
• Alexis, Tsar (1645–1676)
• Feodor III, Tsar (1676–1682)
• Peter I, Tsar (1682–1721), Emperor (1721–1725)
• Ivan V, co-Tsar (1682–1696)

• Denmark–Norway (complete list / complete list) –

• Christian IV, King (1588–1648)
• Frederick III, King (1648–1670)
• Christian V, King (1670–1699)
• Frederick IV, King (1699–1730)

Holy Roman Empire in Italy

• Papal States (complete list) –

• Clement VIII, Pope (1592–1605)
• Leo XI, Pope (1605)
• Paul V, Pope (1605–1621)
• Gregory XV, Pope (1621–1623)
• Urban VIII, Pope (1623–1644)
• Innocent X, Pope (1644–1655)
• Alexander VII, Pope (1655–1667)
• Clement IX, Pope (1667–1669)
• Clement X, Pope (1670–1676)
• Innocent XI, Pope (1676–1689)
• Alexander VIII, Pope (1689–1691)
• Innocent XII, Pope (1691–1700)
• Clement XI, Pope (1700–1721)

• Duchy of Savoy (complete list) –

• Charles Emmanuel I, Duke (1580–1630)
• Victor Amadeus I, Duke (1630–1637)
• Francis Hyacinth, Duke (1637–1638)
• Charles Emmanuel II, Duke (1638–1675)
• Victor Amadeus II, Duke (1675–1730)

Southern Italy

• Kingdom of Naples (complete list) –

The Kingdom of Naples was ruled in personal union with Spain from 1504 to 1713.

Andorra

• Andorra

• Episcopal Co-Princes (complete list) –

• Julià Cano Thebar, Episcopal Co-Prince (1695–1714)

• French Co-Princes (complete list) –

• various French Co-Princes

Catalonia

• Catalan Republic

• Pau Claris, President (1641)

Navarre

• Kingdom of Navarre (complete list) –

• Henry III, King (1572–1610)
• Louis II, King (1610–1620)

Portugal

• Kingdom of Portugal (complete list) –

• Philip II, King (1598–1621)
• Philip III, King (1621–1640)
• John IV, King (1640–1656)
• Afonso VI, King (1656–1683)
• Peter II, King (1683–1706)

Spain

• Habsburg Spain

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Philip III, King (1598–1621)
• Philip IV, King (1621–1665)
• Charles II, King (1665–1700)

• Anjou (complete list) –

• Gaston I, Duke (1608–1626)
• Philip I, Duke (1640–1660)
• Philippe Charles, Duke (1668–1671)
• Louis Francis, Duke (1672)
• Philip II, Duke (1683–1700)

• Auvergne (complete list) –

• Charles III, Duke of Lorraine, Count (1589–1608)
• Margaret of Valois, Count (1608–1610)

• County of Flanders (complete list) –

• Isabella Clara Eugenia, Countess (1598–1621)
• Philip VI, Count (1621–1665)
• Charles IV, Count (1665–1700)
• Philip VII, Count (1700–1706)

• County of Maine (complete list) –

• Charles VI of Maine, Count (?–1611)
• Henry, Duke of Mayenne, Count (1611–1621)
• Charles II Gonzaga, Count (1621–1631)
• Ferdinand Gonzaga, Count (1631–1632)
• Charles III Gonzaga, Count (1632–?)

• Monaco (complete list) –

• Ercole, Lord (1589–1604)
• Honoré II, Lord (1604–1612), Prince (1612–1662)
• Louis I, Prince (1662–1701)

• Principality of Abkhazia (complete list) –

• Putu, Prince (c.1580–1620)
• Seteman, Prince (c.1620–1640)
• Sustar, Prince (c.1640–1665)
• Zegnak, Prince (c.1665–1700)

• Kingdom of Kartli (complete list) –

• Alexander II (Ottoman vassal), King (1574–1602, 1602–1605)
• David I, King (1602)
• Constantine I, King (1605)
• Teimuraz I, King (1605–1614, 1615–1648, 1623–1633, 1636–1648)
• Archil, King (1664–1675)
• Erekle I, King (1675–1676)