Alaouite dynasty

The Alaouite dynasty, or Alawite dynasty (Arabic: سلالة العلويين الفيلاليين, Sulālat al-ʿAlawiyyīn al-Fīlālīyn), is the current Moroccan royal family. Sharif ibn Ali became Prince of Tafilalt in 1631. His son Mulay Al-Rashid (1664–1672) was able to unite and pacify the country.

Alaouite dynasty
Alawite dynasty
سلالة العلويين الفيلاليين
CountryMorocco
Founded1631
FounderMoulay Ali Cherif
Current headMohammad VI
ReligionSunni Islam Maliki
Estate(s)Morocco

Centralised state

The organisation of the sultanate developed under Ismail Ibn Sharif (1672–1727), who, against the opposition of local tribes, began to create a unified state. Because the Alaouites had difficult relations with many of the country's Berber and Bedouin-Arab tribes, Isma'īl formed a new army of black slaves, the Black Guard. However, the unity of Morocco did not survive his death—in the ensuing power struggles the tribes became a political and military force once again.

During Muhammad III's reign (1757–1790) the kingdom was once again united and the administration reorganised. A renewed attempt at centralisation was abandoned, and the tribes were allowed to preserve their autonomy. Under Abderrahmane (1822–1859) Morocco fell under the influence of the European powers. After Morocco supported the Algerian independence movement of Emir Abd al-Qadir, it was attacked and defeated by the French in 1844 at the Battle of Isly and made to abandon its support.

European contact and the French protectorate

During the reigns of Muhammad IV (1859–1873) and Hassan I (1873–1894), the Alaouites tried to foster trading links, above all with European countries and the United States. The army and administration were also modernised to improve control over the Berber and Bedouin tribes. With the war against Spain (1859–1860) came direct involvement in European affairs. Although the independence of Morocco was guaranteed at the Treaty of Madrid (1880), the French gained ever greater influence. German attempts to counter this growing influence led to the First Moroccan Crisis of 1905–1906 and the Second Moroccan Crisis of 1911.

Eventually the Moroccans were forced to recognise the French protectorate through the Treaty of Fez, signed on December 3, 1912. At the same time the Rif area of northern Morocco was raised under Spanish control.

List of Alaouite rulers

From 1631 to 1666 the Alaouite dynasty ruled as princes of Tafilalt:

In 1666 Mulay Al-Rashid was proclaimed Sultan of Morocco at Fez:

  • Al-Rashid (1666–1672)
  • Mawlay Ismail Ibn Sharif (1672–1727)
  • Abu'l Abbas Ahmad II (1727–1728) (first time)
  • Abdalmalik (1728)
  • Abu'l Abbas Ahmad II (1728–1729) (second time)
  • Abdallah (1729–1734) (first time)
  • Ali (1734–1736)
  • Abdallah (1736) (second time)
  • Mohammed II (1736–1738)
  • Al-Mostadi (1738–1740) (first time)
  • Abdallah (1740–1741) (third time)
  • Zin al-Abidin (1741)
  • Abdallah (1741–1742) (fourth time)
  • Al-Mostadi (1742–1743) (second time)
  • Abdallah (1743–1747) (fifth time)
  • Al-Mostadi (1747–1748) (third time)
  • Abdallah (1748–1757) (sixth time)
  • Mohammed III (1757–1790)
  • Yazid (1790–1792)
    Abdication of Abdelhafid in 1912
  • Mulay Suleiman (1792–1822)
  • Abderrahmane (1822–1859)
  • Mohammed IV (1859–1873)
  • Hassan I (1873–1894)
  • Abdelaziz (1894–1908)
  • Abdelhafid (1908–1912)

Under the French protectorate (1912–1956):

From independence (1955 onwards):

Timeline

Mohammed VI of MoroccoHassan II of MoroccoMohammed V of MoroccoMohammed Ben AarafaMohammed V of MoroccoYusef of MoroccoAbdelaziz of MoroccoHassan I of MoroccoSlimane of MoroccoYazid of MoroccoMohammed ben AbdallahAbdallah of MoroccoAbdallah of MoroccoAbdallah of MoroccoAbdallah of MoroccoAbdallah of MoroccoAbdallah of MoroccoAbdalmalik of MoroccoIsmail Ibn SharifMuhammad ibn SharifTafilalt

Family tree

Moulay Ali Cherif
Mohammed I Ismail Rachid
Ahmad Abdul Malek Abdallah II Mohammed II Ali Al-Mustadi' Zin al-Abidin
Mohammed III
Al-YazidHisham Sulayman
Abd al-Rahman
ibn Hicham
Mohammed IV
Hassan IAarafa
Abd al-Aziz Abd al-Hafid YoussefTahar Mohammed
Ben Aarafa
Mohammed V
3° spouse
Lalla Bahia
2° spouse
Lalla Abla bint Tahar
Lalla
Fatima Zohra
Lalla
Amina
Hassan II
2° spouse
Lalla Latifa Hammou
Lalla
Malika
Lalla
Nuzha
Lalla
Aicha
Abdellah
Lalla
Meryem
Lalla
Asma
Mohammed VI
spouse
Lalla Salma
Lalla
Hasna
RachidHichamIsmail
Crown Prince
Hassan
Lalla
Khadija

See also

References

    Further reading

    • Waterbury, John. Commander of the Faithful
    Royal house
    House of Alaoui
    Preceded by
    Saadi Dynasty
    Ruling house of Morocco
    1666 – present
    Incumbent
    This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.