Taoyuan International Airport

Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport
臺灣桃園國際機場
Summary
Airport type Public
Owner Government of the Republic of China
Operator Taoyuan International Airport Corporation
Serves Northern Taiwan, including Taipei
Location Dayuan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Hub for
Focus city for
Elevation AMSL 34 m / 112 ft
Coordinates 25°4′35″N 121°13′26″E / 25.07639°N 121.22389°E / 25.07639; 121.22389Coordinates: 25°4′35″N 121°13′26″E / 25.07639°N 121.22389°E / 25.07639; 121.22389
Website www.taoyuan-airport.com
Map
TPE
Location in Taiwan
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
05L/23R[1] 3,660 12,008 Asphalt concrete
05R/23L 3,800 12,467 Asphalt concrete
Statistics (2017)
Number of passengers 44,878,703
Increase6.11%
Aircraft Movement 246,104
Increase0.67%
Airfreight Movements (kg) 2,269,585,324
Increase8.22%
Sources: Civil Aeronautics Administration, Ministry of Transportation and Communications[2]
Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport
Traditional Chinese 臺灣桃園國際機場 or 台灣桃園國際機場
Simplified Chinese 台湾桃园国际机场
Chiang Kai-shek International Airport
Traditional Chinese 中正國際機場
Simplified Chinese 中正国际机场

Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport (IATA: TPE, ICAO: RCTP) is an international airport serving Taipei and northern Taiwan. Located about 40 km (25 mi) west of Taipei in Dayuan District, Taoyuan, the airport is Taiwan's largest and busiest airport.[3] It is one of five Taiwanese airports with regular international flights, and is operated by the Taoyuan International Airport Corporation. In 2016, it was ranked the best airport for its size in the Asia-Pacific region by Airports Council International.[4]

The airport opened for commercial operations in 1979 and is an important regional trans-shipment center, passenger hub, and gateway for destinations in Asia. Formerly known as Chiang Kai-shek International Airport (CKS International Airport), the airport was renamed on 6 September 2006 to its current name.[5] It is one of two that serves Taipei; the other, Taipei Songshan Airport, is located within city limits and served as Taipei's only international airport until 1979.[6] Songshan now mainly serves chartered flights, intra-island flights, and limited international flights.

In 2016, Taiwan Taoyuan handled a record 42.3 million passengers and 2.1 billion kg of freight, making it the 10th busiest airport worldwide by international passenger traffic, and 6th busiest in terms of international freight traffic in 2015.[2][7] It is the main international hub for China Airlines and EVA Air. It is also a hub of Uni Air and the LCC Tigerair Taiwan.

Origin of the name

The airport, originally planned as Taoyuan International Airport, bore the name of late President Chiang Kai-shek until 2006.[5] In Chinese, its former name was literally "Chung-Cheng (Zhongzheng) International Airport", where Chung-Cheng is the legal given name that Chiang Kai-shek had used since the 1910s.[8] In Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek is associated with the Chinese Nationalist Party or Kuomintang and its many years of one-party authoritarian rule.[9] Local officials in Taoyuan City and members of the Pan-Green Coalition often referred to the hub by the name originally associated with it: "Taoyuan International Airport".[10] News organizations and local residents sometimes combined the two commonly used names as "Taoyuan Chung-Cheng Airport."[10][11]

The Executive Yuan of then-President Chen Shui-bian's administration officially approved the name Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport for the hub on 6 September 2006.[12][13][14][15] The opposition Kuomintang, which together with its political allies held a one-vote majority in the Legislative Yuan, decried the change and proposed "Taiwan Taoyuan Chiang Kai-shek International Airport" instead.[16] The disagreement, like those affecting the names of the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall and other Taiwan landmarks, stands as another manifestation of the trend known as Taiwan localization among pan-Green officials and desinicization by Pan-Blue Coalition.[9] The media in mainland China has always referred to the airport as "Taoyuan International Airport" so as to avoid mentioning Chiang Kai-shek.

History

In the 1970s, the original airport in Taipei City — Taipei Songshan Airport — had become overcrowded and could not be expanded due to space limitations. Thus, a new airport was planned to alleviate congestion.[6] The new airport opened (with Terminal 1) on 26 February 1979,[5] as part of the Ten Major Construction Projects pursued by the government in the 1970s. The airport was originally planned under the name Taoyuan International Airport but was later changed to Chiang Kai-shek International Airport in memory of former President Chiang Kai-shek.[9]

The airport is the main hub of China Airlines, the Republic of China's flag carrier, as well as EVA Air, a private airline established in 1989. Overcrowding of the airport in recent years prompted the construction of Terminal 2, which was opened on 29 July 2000,[5] with half of its gates operational; EVA Air was the first airline to move into Terminal 2. The remaining gates opened on 21 January 2005 for China Airlines, making China Airlines the only airline to operate from both terminals.[17]

The airport has announced construction plans for a third terminal. In October 2015, the design of British firm Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners, founded by Pritzker Architecture Prize-laureate Richard Rogers, was chosen for the 640,000 square meter Terminal 3. Over 2.3 billion US Dollars will be poured into the project, among the most costly constructions in modern Taiwanese history. The terminal is expected to be opened in 2020 and accommodate 45 million passengers per year, boosting the yearly capacity of the airport to 86 million passengers.[18]

Terminals

Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport currently has two terminals, which are connected by two, short people movers.[19] The third and fourth terminals are planned, and the Taoyuan Airport MRT links the terminals together underground, and provides transportation to Taipei City.[20][21]

Morning rush hour at TPE

Terminal 1

Terminal 1 is the original passenger terminal of the Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport. The building was designed by Taiwanese structural engineer Tung-Yen Lin and is based on the main terminal of Washington Dulles International Airport.[22][23] The five-storey, 169,500-m2 terminal, along with the airport, opened in 1979 to relieve the overcrowded Taipei Songshan Airport.[24] All international flights were moved to the airport following the completion of this terminal. Terminal 1 featured 22 gates. A row of 11 gates are located on the north end of the airfield facing the north runway and another row of 11 gates are located on the south end airfield facing the south runway. The two concourses that contained the airplane gates are linked together by a main building that contained the check-in areas, baggage claim, passport immigration areas, and security checkpoint areas. Together they form a giant "H". All gates are equipped with jetways. Gates located at the end of the concourses have one jetlag and also reducing people and gates not located at the end of the concourses have two jetways. The terminal used to be very white in color when it first opened. As the years gradually passed, the façade and color has become more tan and yellow colored due to air pollution in Taipei.

After the completion of Terminal 2, some gates from Terminal 1 were removed to make space for Terminal 2. Currently Terminal 1 has 18 gates.[25] Alphabetical letters were introduced when Terminal 2 was completed. The north concourse is now Concourse A and the south concourse is now Concourse B. Before Terminal 2, gates were numbered from 1 to 22. China Airlines uses Concourse A for the majority of its flights in Terminal 1, while the third largest carrier of the airport, Cathay Pacific, operates most of its flights at Concourse B.

In 2012, the renovation project of the terminal, designed by Japanese architect Norihiko Dan,[26] was completed, doubling the floor area, expanding check-in counters, increasing shopping areas and expanding car-parking facilities. Part of the project was the complete redesigning of both the exterior and interior of the terminal. Capacity of terminal 1 is 15 million passengers per year.

Terminal 2

Terminal 2 opened in 2000 to reduce heavy congestion in the aging Terminal 1.[27] Only the South Concourse had been completed by the time the terminal opened. The South Concourse alone has 10 gates, each with 2 jetways and their own security checkpoints. The North Concourse opened later in 2005, bringing the total number of gates for Terminal 2 to 20 gates; the security checkpoints were moved to a central location in front of the passport control. The 318,000-m2 facility is capable of handling 17 million passengers per year.[27]

The Southern and Northern Concourses are also known as Concourse C and Concourse D, respectively. Terminals 1 and 2 are connected by two short people mover lines, with one from Concourse A to D, and the other from B to C. China Airlines uses Concourse D for the majority of its flights in Terminal 2 while EVA Air uses Concourse C for most of its operations.

Terminal 2 is also currently undergoing an expansion project that will increase the terminal's annual passenger capacity by 5 million to be opened by 2018.

Terminal 3 (under construction)

Construction of Terminal 3 is part of the expansion project of Taoyuan International Airport. The 640,000 square meter Terminal 3 is designed by Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners and is expected to be opened in 2020. The new facilities will accommodate 45 million passengers per year.[18]

Terminal 4 (plans halted)

Originally part of the expansion project was a new Terminal 4. However, due to the vast amount of construction, the Ministry of Transportation ordered the airport company to halt the project in order to minimize traveller inconvenience.[28]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

AirlinesDestinations
AirAsia Kota Kinabalu
AirAsia X Kuala Lumpur–International
Air Busan Busan, Daegu
Air Canada Vancouver
Air China Beijing–Capital, Chengdu, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Shanghai–Pudong, Wenzhou
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Air Japan Tokyo–Narita
Air Macau Macau
Air New Zealand Auckland (resumes 1 November 2018)[29]
Asiana Airlines Seoul–Incheon
Cambodia Airways Charter: Siem Reap[30]
Cathay Dragon Hong Kong
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong, Nagoya–Centrair, Osaka–Kansai, Seoul–Incheon, Tokyo–Narita
Cebu Pacific Manila
China Airlines Amsterdam, Auckland, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beijing–Capital, Brisbane, Busan, Changsha, Chengdu, Chongqing (begins 31 October 2018), Dalian, Delhi, Denpasar, Frankfurt, Fukuoka, Guam, Guangzhou, Haikou, Hanoi, Hiroshima, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Honolulu, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Kagoshima, Koror, Kuala Lumpur–International, London–Gatwick, Los Angeles, Manila, Melbourne, Miyazaki, Nagoya–Centrair, Naha, Nanchang, New York–JFK, Ontario, Osaka–Kansai, Penang, Phnom Penh, Qingdao, Rome–Fiumicino, San Francisco, Sanya, Sapporo–Chitose, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen, Shizuoka, Singapore, Surabaya, Sydney, Takamatsu, Tokyo–Narita, Toyama, Vancouver, Vienna, Weihai, Wuhan, Wuxi, Xi'an, Xuzhou, Yangon, Yangzhou
Seasonal: Christchurch, Ishigaki, Kalibo
China Eastern Airlines Changzhou, Hefei, Huai'an, Kunming, Lanzhou, Lijiang, Nanchang, Nanjing, Ningbo, Qingdao, Shanghai–Pudong, Taiyuan, Huangshan, Wuhan, Wuxi, Xi'an, Xining, Yinchuan
China Southern Airlines Changchun, Changsha, Dalian, Guangzhou, Guilin, Guiyang, Harbin, Nanning, Shanghai–Pudong, Shantou, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Urumqi, Wuhan, Yiwu, Zhengzhou
Eastar Jet Cheongju,[31] Jeju,[32] Seoul–Incheon
Emirates Dubai–International
EVA Air Amsterdam, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beijing–Capital, Brisbane, Cebu, Chengdu, Chiang Mai, Chicago–O'Hare, Denpasar/Bali, Fukuoka, Guangzhou, Guilin, Hakodate, Hangzhou, Hanoi, Harbin, Ho Chi Minh City, Hohhot, Hong Kong, Houston–Intercontinental, Huangshan, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Jinan, Komatsu, Kuala Lumpur–International, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Macau, Manila, Naha, New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Phnom Penh, San Francisco, Sapporo–Chitose, Seattle/Tacoma, Sendai, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Singapore, Taiyuan, Tianjin, Tokyo–Narita, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver, Vienna, Zhengzhou
Seasonal: Asahikawa
Far Eastern Air Transport Jeju[33], Niigata, Siem Reap, Zhangjiajie
Charter: Da Nang
Hainan Airlines Beijing–Capital, Dalian, Guangzhou, Haikou, Lanzhou, Xi'an
Hebei Airlines Shijiazhuang
Hong Kong Airlines Hong Kong
Japan Airlines Nagoya–Centrair, Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Narita
JC International Airlines Phnom Penh
Charter: Siem Reap
Jeju Air Busan, Seoul–Incheon, Muan
Seasonal: Cheongju
Jetstar Asia Airways Osaka–Kansai, Singapore
Jetstar Japan Tokyo–Narita
Seasonal: Osaka–Kansai
Jetstar Pacific Airlines Da Nang
Jin Air Seoul–Incheon
Seasonal charter: Cheongju
Juneyao Airlines Shanghai–Pudong
KC International Airlines Phnom Penh[34]
KLM Amsterdam
Korean Air Busan, Seoul–Incheon
Malaysia Airlines Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur–International
Malindo Air Kuala Lumpur–International
Mandarin Airlines Changchun, Changsha, Fuzhou, Nanjing, Ningbo, Shenyang, Xiamen, Yancheng, Zhengzhou
Charter: Kalibo
NokScoot Bangkok–Don Mueang
Peach Naha, Osaka–Kansai, Sapporo-Chitose, Sendai, Tokyo–Haneda
Philippine Airlines Kalibo, Manila, Osaka–Kansai, Puerto Princesa
Seasonal: Cebu [35]
Philippines AirAsia Cebu, Clark, Manila
Royal Brunei Airlines Bandar Seri Begawan (resumes 3 December 2018)[36]
Scoot Sapporo–Chitose, Seoul–Incheon, Singapore, Tokyo–Narita
Shandong Airlines Jinan, Qingdao, Yantai
Shenzhen Airlines Nanchang, Nanning, Nantong, Quanzhou, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Wuxi
Sichuan Airlines Kunming
Singapore Airlines Singapore
Spring Airlines Shanghai–Pudong, Shijiazhuang
StarFlyer Kitakyushu, Nagoya-Centrair (both begin 28 October 2018)[37]
Thai AirAsia Chiang Mai[38]
Thai Airways Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Seoul–Incheon
Thai Lion Air Bangkok–Don Mueang
Tigerair Taiwan Asahikawa, Bangkok–Don Mueang, Busan, Cebu (begins 1 December 2018),[39] Daegu, Fukuoka, Hakodate, Hanamaki, Ibaraki, Jeju, Komatsu, Osaka–Kansai, Macau, Manila, Nagoya–Centrair, Naha, Okayama, Osaka–Kansai, Saga,[40] Sendai, Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita, Wuxi
Turkish Airlines Istanbul–Atatürk
T'way Air Daegu
Uni Air Chongqing, Dalian, Fuzhou, Ho Chi Minh City, Nanjing, Ningbo, Qingdao, Seoul–Incheon, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Xi'an
United Airlines San Francisco
Vanilla Air Fukuoka, Naha, Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Narita
Vietjet Air Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City
Vietnam Airlines Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City
Xiamen Air Changsha, Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Quanzhou, Xiamen

Cargo

AirlinesDestinations
AirBridgeCargoMoscow–Sheremetyevo
Air China CargoShanghai–Pudong
ANA CargoNaha, Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Narita
CargoluxAlmaty, Baku, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beirut, Budapest, Damascus, Ho Chi Minh City, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuwait, Luxembourg, Milan–Malpensa, Novosibirsk, Seoul–Incheon, Vienna
Cathay Pacific CargoHong Kong, Tokyo–Narita
China Airlines CargoAmsterdam, Anchorage, Atlanta, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Boston, Chicago–O'Hare, Chongqing, Columbus–Rickenbacker, Dallas/Fort Worth, Delhi,[41] Dubai–Al Maktoum, Frankfurt, Guangzhou, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Houston–Intercontinental, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Kuala Lumpur–International, Los Angeles, Luxembourg, Manila, Miami, Nanjing, New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, Penang, Prague, San Francisco, Seattle/Tacoma, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen, Singapore, Tokyo–Narita, Xiamen, Zhengzhou
China Cargo AirlinesShanghai–Pudong, Xiamen
China Postal AirlinesFuzhou
DHL Aviation
operated by Air Hong Kong		Hong Kong
Emirates SkyCargoBangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Dubai–Al Maktoum
EVA Air CargoAnchorage, Atlanta, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Chicago–O'Hare, Chongqing, Dallas/Fort Worth, Hanoi, Hong Kong, Los Angeles, Manila, Osaka–Kansai, Penang, Seattle/Tacoma, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen, Singapore, Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita
FedEx ExpressAnchorage, Auckland, Clark, Hong Kong, Indianapolis, Memphis, Osaka–Kansai, Penang, Singapore, Tokyo–Narita
Hong Kong Airlines CargoHong Kong
MASkargoKuala Lumpur–International, Kuching, Manila
Nippon Cargo AirlinesKitakyushu, Seoul–Incheon, Tokyo–Narita
Polar Air CargoCincinnati, Hong Kong, Los Angeles, Nagoya–Centrair, Seoul–Incheon, Tokyo–Narita
SF AirlinesNingbo, Shenzhen
Turkish Airlines CargoAlmaty, Istanbul-Atatürk, Seoul–Incheon, Tashkent
UPS AirlinesAnchorage, Clark, Cologne/Bonn, Louisville, Mumbai, Seoul–Incheon
Yangtze River ExpressGuangzhou

Operations

Operations and Statistics[2]
Year Passenger
movements		 Airfreight
movements
(kg)		 Aircraft
movement
2008 21,936,083 1,493,119,963 145,993
2009 21,616,729 1,358,303,714 139,399
2010 25,114,413 1,767,074,774 156,036
2011 24,947,751 1,627,462,362 163,199
2012 27,836,550 1,577,730,181 180,761
2013 30,701,987 1,571,814,300 194,239
2014 35,804,465 2,088,726,700 208,874
2015 38,473,333 2,021,865,100 221,191
2016 42,296,322 2,097,228,400 244,464
2017 44,878,703 2,269,585,324 246,104
Capacity
Passenger (current) 37,000,000
Passenger (2022) 82,000,000
Cargo (current) 1.7m tonnes
Busiest air routes by city pairs from Taiwan–Taoyuan (2017)[42]
Rank City Passengers %Change 2017 / 16 Airport Passengers Carriers 2017 (largest carrier bolded)
1 Hong Kong Hong Kong 6,621,081 Decrease 2.3% Hong Kong Hong Kong 6,621,081 Cathay Pacific, China Airlines, Cathay Dragon, EVA Air, Hong Kong Airlines
2 Japan Tokyo 2,976,835 Decrease 2.7% Japan Narita 2,759,699 All Nippon Airways, Cathay Pacific, China Airlines, EVA Air, Japan Airlines, Jetstar Japan, Scoot, Tigerair Taiwan, Vanilla Air
Japan Haneda 217,136 Tigerair Taiwan, Peach
3 Japan Osaka 2,745,738 Decrease 0.1% Japan Kansai 2,745,738 Cathay Pacific, China Airlines, EVA Air, Japan Airlines, Jetstar Asia Airways, Jetstar Japan, Peach, Philippine Airlines, Tigerair Taiwan, Vanilla Air
4 South Korea Seoul 2,491,608 Increase 14.21% South Korea Incheon 2,491,608 Asiana, Cathay Pacific, China Airlines, Eastar Jet, EVA Air, Jeju Air, Jin Air, Korean Air, Scoot, Thai Airways, Uni Air
5 Thailand Bangkok 2,004,124 Increase 20.89% Thailand Suvarnabhumi 1,652,123 China Airlines, EVA Air, Thai Airways
Thailand Don Mueang 352,001 NokScoot, Tigerair Taiwan, Thai Lion Air
6 Singapore Singapore 1,758,397 Increase 4.44% Singapore Singapore 1,758,397 China Airlines, EVA Air, Jetstar Asia Airways, Scoot, Singapore Airlines, Tigerair Taiwan
7 China Shanghai 1,738,909 Decrease 2.41% China Pudong 1,738,909 Air China, China Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines, EVA Air, Juneyao Airlines, Spring Airlines
8 Philippines Manila 1,337,243 Increase 23.19% Philippines Manila 1,337,243 AirAsia Philippines, Cebu Pacific, China Airlines, EVA Air, KLM, Philippine Airlines
9 Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City 1,307,521 Increase 23.92% Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City 1,307,521 China Airlines, EVA Air, Uni Air, Vanilla Air, Vietjet Air, Vietnam Airlines
10 Macau Macau 1,245,029 Decrease 4.15% Macau Macau 1,245,029 Air Macau, EVA Air, Tigerair Taiwan
11 Japan Naha 1,182,566 Increase 27.27% Japan Naha 1,182,566 China Airlines, EVA Air, Peach, Tigerair Taiwan, Vanilla Air
12 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 1,138,386 Increase 24.54% Malaysia Kuala Lumpur–International 1,138,386 Air Asia X, China Airlines, EVA Air, Malaysia Airlines, Malindo Air
13 United States Los Angeles 998,509 Decrease 2.99% United States Los Angeles 998,509 China Airlines, EVA Air
14 United States San Francisco 908,239 Increase 10.09% United States San Francisco 908,239 China Airlines, EVA Air, United Airlines
15 Japan Fukuoka 853,956 Increase 8.36% Japan Fukuoka 853,956 China Airlines, EVA Air, Tigerair Taiwan
Top Passenger Carriers (2017)[43]
Rank Carrier Passenger 2017 % Change 2017 / 2016 Passenger 2016
1 China Airlines 11,531,743 Increase 5.8% 10,892,193
2 EVA Air 10,616,678 Increase 9.4% 9,711,177
3 Cathay Pacific 3,891,434 Decrease 1% 3,931,273
4 Tigerair Taiwan 1,842,166 Increase 50.1% 1,227,129
5 China Southern Airlines 989,552 Increase 1.3% 976,752
6 China Eastern Airlines 965,699 Increase 2.9% 938,738
7 Vanilla air 810,033 Increase 39.9% 578,996
8 Air China 789,428 Decrease 2.3% 808,202
9 Hong Kong Airlines 757,217 Increase 1.7% 744,862
10 Peach 699,464 Increase 10.7% 631,786
Top Countries (2017)[43]
Rank Country Passengers 2017 % Change 2017 / 16 Passengers 2016
1 Japan 10,061,798 Increase 4.0% 9,676,300
2 China 7,878,982 Decrease 3.1% 8,129,969
3 Hong Kong 6,621,081 Decrease 2.3% 6,775,855
4 South Korea 3,426,291 Increase 16.0% 2,954,113
5 United States 3,066,553 Increase 11.0% 2,763,000
6 Thailand 2,004,124 Increase 16.1% 1,726,220
7 Vietnam 1,966,760 Increase 29.2% 1,522,677
8 Singapore 1,758,397 Increase 4.5% 1,683,591
9 Philippines 1,647,128 Increase 22.3% 1,346,478
10 Malaysia 1,435,240 Increase 19.8% 1,197,664

The airport is operated by the Taoyuan International Airport Corporation, a company wholly owned by the Government of Taiwan. The Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) is responsible for the provision of air traffic control services, certification of Taiwan registered aircraft, and the regulation of general civil aviation activities.

The airport has two parallel runways, with one 3660 meters in length and another 3800 meters in length and both 60 meters wide, enabling them to cater to the next generation of aircraft. Both runways have been given a Category II Precision Approach, which allows pilots to land in only 350-metre visibility. The two runways have an ultimate capacity of over 60 aircraft movements an hour. The Airport is upgrading ATC and runways.

There are 41 frontal stands at the main passenger concourse, 15 remote stands and 25 cargo stands. In 2015, the airport was the 11th busiest airport worldwide in terms of international passenger numbers, and 6th busiest in terms of international freight traffic.[7]

The operation of scheduled air services to and from Taoyuan is facilitated by air services agreements between Taiwan and other countries. Since the opening of RCTP, the Taiwan Government has implemented a policy of progressive liberalisation of air services with the intention of promoting consumer choice and competition. Many low-cost airlines have started various regional routes to compete head-on with full-service carriers on trunk routes.

The airport's long term expansion opportunities are subject to variables. A NTD 300 billion proposal to build a third runway and a third terminal has been under feasibility study and consultation.

Airport facilities

Terminal transit

Transportation between Terminal 1 and 2 is provided by the TTIA Skytrain, which transports both passengers who have cleared security and those who have not through separate train cars. The other way is by taking Taoyuan Airport MRT, It offers free fare between A12 and A13 and Airport Hotel with an electronic ticket(Easy Card, i-pass).[44]

Airport Business Center

Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport finished developing the airports business travel center in late 2011. The facility is a three-story building located between the first and second terminals. Business travelers paying to use the travel center can drive into the airports restricted zone and park their cars directly in front of the building. This allows business travelers to arrive at the airport much closer to the actual departure time versus arriving two hours before departure time like most regular international passengers are required to do. The business center is equipped with over 15 isolated areas allowing travelers to eat their meals without any distractions or disruptions. The facility also includes a spa, sauna, and gymnasium that are available for use by travelers. However, all of these luxuries come with a one-time price tag of $8,000. Travelers who wish to use the facility must make reservations at least three days in advance. Statistics showed that 376 private jets landed and departed the airport through a six-month timeframe in 2011; this is a 100 percent increase from the same time frame in 2010.

Huan Yu VIP Terminal

Huan Yu VIP Terminal, also known as the Taoyuan Business Aviation Centre (TYBAC), began service in September 2011 and was officially opened in mid-October 2011.[45] The three-story facility will have its own terminal and facilities separate from the public terminals. It will provide a multimedia conference room, passenger lounge, private rooms and showers, spa, sauna, gym, and business centre facilities.[45] Other services that will be provided include ground handling, baggage handling, fuelling, security, customs and flight planning. Passengers planning to utilize TYBAC must sign up (to the Taiwanese immigration service) 3 days before use.

E-gate

The stamp to prove enrollment successfully

Passengers who are citizens of the R.O.C (Taiwan) with valid passports or non-citizens who have ROC (Taiwan) Resident Certificate (ARC/APRC) can register with facial features and fingerprints for the E-Gate. After registration, the passengers are able to choose either E-Gate or manual immigration clearance when entering or leaving the country.[46]

Baggage and cargo facilities

The handling and transportation of mail, passenger baggage, cargo, and the operation of aerobridges and passenger stairways in Taoyuan Airport is provided by Taoyuan International Airport Services Limited (TIAS) and Evergreen Airline Services (EGAS).

TTIA currently handles over 1.5 million tonnes of cargo annually. There are two air cargo terminals in the airport: one operated by Taiwan Air Cargo Terminals Limited and the other operated by Evergreen Air Cargo Services.

Aircraft maintenance services

China Airlines Engineering and Maintenance Organization (CALEMO) and Evergreen Aviation Technologies (EGAT) both offers maintenance services at the airport. With its huge base, CALEMO, with a market share of over 75%, can offer maintenance service of five huge airliners at a time, for example Boeing 747, or three Boeing 747s and another Airbus A330 at a time. In addition, EGAT is capable of aircraft conversion programs, such as the Dreamlifter program.

Ground transportation

Taoyuan Airport MRT Commuter (left) and Express (right) trains.

Bus

Frequent buses link the airport to Taipei,[47] Taoyuan,[48] Zhongli,[49] Taichung,[50] Banqiao,[51] Changhua,[52] and THSR's Taoyuan Station.[53] Bus terminals are present at both terminals.

Rail

  • Taoyuan Airport MRT: Links both terminals at the airport to Taipei and Zhongli District, Taoyuan City. Free Wi-Fi and wireless charging services provided on trains. Passengers flying China Airlines, EVA Air, Mandarin Airlines, and UNI Air can utilize downtown check-in and luggage facilities at Taipei Main Station.[54][55]
    • Express train: 38-minute link between the airport and downtown Taipei. Stops at both airport terminals, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei Industrial Park, and Taipei Main Station.
    • Commuter train: 45-minute link between the airport and downtown Taipei. Stops at all 21 stations on the line.
  • Taiwan High Speed Rail Taoyuan Station is about 8 km (5.0 mi) away and is accessible by the Taoyuan Airport MRT's commuter train and shuttle bus.[53]

Taxi

Taxi queues are outside the arrival halls of both terminals and are available 24 hours a day. They are metered and subject to a 15-percent surcharge.[56]

Car rental

Car rentals are available at both terminals.[57] The airport is served by National Highway No. 2.

Other facilities

CAL Park, the headquarters for China Airlines.

CAL Park

China Airlines has its headquarters, CAL Park (Chinese: 華航園區; pinyin: Huáháng Yuánqū),[58] on the grounds of Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport. CAL Park, located at the airport entrance forms a straight line with Terminal 1, Terminal 2, and the future Terminal 3.[59]

Airport Hotels

Located adjacent to the Aviation Museum and the convention center is the Novotel Taipei Taoyuan International Airport, which opened in November 2009. The 360-room hotel is equipped with restaurants, recreation and fitness centers, and a hair salon and spa.[60]

Aviation museum

The Chung Cheng Aviation Museum (Chinese: 中正航空科學館) is located in the south-eastern area of the airport between the main freeway entrance and the terminals. It was built in 1981 by Boeing under CAA contract.[61] Many retired Republic of China Air Force fighters are represented here. Its purpose is to preserve aviation history and provide public understanding of the civil aviation industry.[62] It is now currently closed due to the expansion and construction of the new Terminal 3.

Awards

Future developments

Taoyuan International Airport is undergoing major facility-upgrading and expansion plans. While the South runway (05R/23L) just completed its renovation in January 2015, construction started at the North runway (05L/23R) in March 2015. The runway renovations involve upgrading the runway to Category III and improving the surface conditions.[66] On the other hand, two Terminal 2 gates, C2 and D6, had additional jet bridges installed to accommodate the A380 aircraft. After the runway and jetbridge upgrades, the airport will be able to allow regular A380 operations, with likely carriers being Emirates, China Southern and Singapore Airlines.[67]

Also underway are the Terminal 3, satellite terminal, and third runway plans. Terminal 3 will be designed by Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners and have an annual capacity of 45 million passengers.[18] Specific plans for the satellite terminal have not been announced. The third runway is expected to be completed by 2025.[68]

The master plan of the airport is the Taoyuan Aerotropolis project, an urban plan aimed at creating an industrial area surrounding Taoyuan Airport. The aerotropolis will take advantage of the competitive local infrastructure to attract developments and help stimulate economic growth. The total area, including the "yolk" airport area and the "white" area, will exceed 6845 hectares. The Terminal 3 and third runway plans are all part of the "yolk" area projects. The official year of completion is 2023.[69] However, due to land resumption controversies, the estimated year may be delayed.[70]

Terminal 2 expansion

With the number of passengers rising beyond anticipation, the Ministry of Transportation has planned an expansion project for Terminal 2, increasing its capacity by 5 million passengers per year from 17 mil to 22 mil.[71] From 2021 Terminal 2 will be closed for renovation for two years.

Terminal 3 construction

In October 2015, it was announced that Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners won the bid to design the 640,000 square meters terminal. Structures will include a processor (main terminal building), two concourses, and a multi-function building to connect the terminal with Terminal 2. The processor will have a wave-like roof structure, from which lights will be hung and move up-and-down to reflect the flow of passengers. Terminal 3 is expected to be completed in 2020 and will be able to handle at most 45 million passengers per year, thus increasing the overall yearly capacity of the airport to 86 million passengers.[18]

Accidents and incidents

  • On 10 August 1993, Air China Flight 973, a Boeing 767 was hijacked after takeoff from Beijing en route to Jakarta. A 30-year-old Chinese man passed a handwritten note to a flight attendant demanding to be flown to Taiwan. He threatened that his "accomplice" would destroy the aircraft unless he was flown to Taiwan. He was carrying a shampoo bottle containing a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acids, and he threatened to disfigure nearby passengers with the acid if his demands were ignored. The aircraft was flown to Taipei International Airport, where the hijacker surrendered.[72]
  • Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport was one of the airports targeted by the failed Project Bojinka plot in 1995.
  • On 16 February 1998, China Airlines Flight 676, which was arriving from Ngurah Rai International Airport, Indonesia, crashed into a residential area while landing in poor weather, killing all 196 people on board and seven on the ground.[73]
  • On 31 October 2000, Singapore Airlines Flight 006 crashed into construction equipment on the runway, killing 83 of the 179 occupants aboard.[74]
  • On 25 May 2002, China Airlines Flight 611 broke-up and crashed into the Taiwan Strait 20 minutes after takeoff from Taoyuan. All 225 people on board were killed. The cause was determined to have been caused by an improper repair after a tailstrike incident 22 years before.[75]

See also

Notes

    References

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