1,000,000,000
1000000000 | |
---|---|
| |
Cardinal |
One billion (short scale) One thousand million, or one milliard (long scale) |
Ordinal | One billionth (short scale) |
Factorization | 29 · 59 |
Greek numeral | |
Roman numeral | M |
Binary | 1110111001101011001010000000002 |
Ternary | 21202002000210100013 |
Quaternary | 3232122302200004 |
Quinary | 40220000000005 |
Senary | 2431212453446 |
Octal | 73465450008 |
Duodecimal | 23AA9385412 |
Hexadecimal | 3B9ACA0016 |
Vigesimal | FCA000020 |
Base 36 | GJDGXS36 |
1,000,000,000 (one billion, short scale; one thousand million or milliard, yard,[1] long scale) is the natural number following 999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,001. One billion can also be written as b or bn.[2][3]
In scientific notation, it is written as 1 × 109. The metric prefix giga indicates 1,000,000,000 times the base unit. Its symbol is G.
One billion years may be called eon/aeon in astronomy or geology.
Previously in British English (but not in American English), the word "billion" referred exclusively to a million millions (1,000,000,000,000). However, this is no longer as common as earlier, and the word has been used to mean one thousand million (1,000,000,000) for some time.[4] The alternative term "one thousand million" is mainly used in the U.K., or countries such as Spain that uses "one thousand million" as one million million constitutes a billion. The worded figure, as opposed to the numerical figure (one thousand million/1,000,000,000) is used to differentiate between "one thousand million" or "one billion".
The term milliard can also be used to refer to 1,000,000,000; whereas "milliard" is seldom used in English,[5] variations on this name often appear in other languages.
In the South Asian numbering system, it is known as 100 crore or 1 arab.
Sense of scale
The facts below give a sense of how large 1,000,000,000 (109) is in the context of time according to current scientific evidence:
Time
- 109 seconds is 114 days short of 32 calendar years (≈ 31.7 years).
- More precisely, a billion seconds is exactly 31 years, 8 months, 2 weeks, 1 day, 17 hours, 46 minutes, and 40 seconds.
- About 109 minutes ago, the Roman Empire was flourishing and Christianity was emerging. (109 minutes is roughly 1,901 years.)
- About 109 hours ago, modern human beings and their ancestors were living in the Stone Age (more precisely, the Middle Paleolithic). (109 hours is roughly 114,080 years.)
- About 109 days ago, Australopithecus, an ape-like creature related to an ancestor of modern humans, roamed the African savannas. (109 days is roughly 2.738 million years.)
- About 109 months ago, dinosaurs walked the Earth during the late Cretaceous. (109 months is roughly 83.3 million years.)
- About 109 years—a gigaannus—ago, the first multicellular eukaryotes appeared on Earth.
- About 109 decades ago, galaxies began to appear in the early Universe which was then 3.799 billion years old. (109 decades is roughly 10 billion years.)
- It takes approximately 95 years to count from one to one billion in a single sitting.[6]
- The universe is thought to be about 13.8 × 109 years old.[7]
Distance
- 109 inches is 15,783 miles (25,400 km), more than halfway around the world and thus sufficient to reach any point on the globe from any other point.
- 109 metres (called a gigametre) is almost three times the distance from the Earth to the Moon.
- 109 kilometres (called a terameter) is over six times the distance from the Earth to the Sun.
Area
- A billion square inches would be a square about one half mile on a side.
- A piece of finely woven bed sheet cloth that contained a billion holes would measure about 500 square feet (46 m2), large enough to cover a moderate sized apartment.
Volume
- There are a billion cubic millimetres in a cubic metre and there are a billion cubic metres in a cubic kilometre.
- A billion grains of table salt or granulated sugar would occupy a volume of about 2.5 cubic feet (0.071 m3).
- A billion cubic inches would be a volume comparable to a large commercial building slightly larger than a typical supermarket.
Weight
- Any object that weighs one billion kilograms (2.2×109 lb) would weigh about as much as 5,525 empty Boeing 747-400s.
- A cube of iron that weighs one billion pounds (450,000,000 kg) would be 1,521 feet 4 inches (0.28813 mi; 463.70 m) on each side.
Products
- As of July 2016, Apple has sold one billion iPhones.[8] This makes the iPhone one of the most successful product lines in history, surpassing the PlayStation and the Rubik's Cube.
- As of July 2016, Facebook has 1.71 billion users.[9]
Nature
- A small mountain, slightly larger than Stone Mountain in Georgia, United States, would weigh (have a mass of) a billion tons.
- There are billions of worker ants in the largest ant colony in the world,[10] which covers almost 4,000 miles (6,400 km) of the Mediterranean coast.
- In 1804, the world population was one billion.
Count
A is a cube; B consists of 1000 cubes the size of cube A, C consists of 1000 cubes the size of cube B; and D consists of 1000 cubes the size of cube C. Thus there are 1 million A-sized cubes in C; and 1,000,000,000 A-sized cubes in D.
Selected 10-digit numbers (1,000,000,001–9,999,999,999)
1,000,000,001 to 1,999,999,999
- 1,000,000,007 – smallest prime number with 10 digits.[11]
- 1,023,456,789 – smallest pandigital number in base 10.
- 1,026,753,849 – smallest pandigital square that includes 0.
- 1,073,676,287 – 15th Carol number.[12]
- 1,073,741,824 – 230
- 1,073,807,359 – 14th Kynea number.[13]
- 1,111,111,111 – repdigit, also a special number relating to the passing of Unix time.
- 1,129,760,415 – 23rd Motzkin number.[14]
- 1,134,903,170 – 45th Fibonacci number.
- 1,162,261,467 – 319
- 1,220,703,125 – 513
- 1,232,922,769 – Centered hexagonal number.
- 1,234,567,890 – pandigital number with the digits in order.
- 1,311,738,121 – 25th Pell number.[15]
- 1,382,958,545 – 15th Bell number.[16]
- 1,406,818,759 – 30th Wedderburn–Etherington number.[17]
- 1,475,789,056 – 148
- 1,631,432,881 – Triangular square number.
- 1,673,196,525 – Lowest common multiple of the odd integers from 1 to 25
- 1,836,311,903 – 46th Fibonacci number.
- 1,882,341,361 – The smallest prime whose reversal is both square (403912) and triangular (triangular of 57121).
- 1,977,326,743 – 711
2,000,000,000 to 2,999,999,999
- 2,038,074,743 – 100,000,000th prime number
- 2,147,483,647 – 8th Mersenne prime and the largest signed 32-bit integer.
- 2,147,483,648 – 231
- 2,176,782,336 – 612
- 2,214,502,422 – 6th primary pseudoperfect number.[18]
- 2,357,947,691 – 119
- 2,562,890,625 – 158
- 2,971,215,073 – 11th Fibonacci prime (47th Fibonacci number).
3,000,000,000 to 3,999,999,999
- 3,166,815,962 – 26th Pell number.[15]
- 3,192,727,797 – 24th Motzkin number.[14]
- 3,323,236,238 – 31st Wedderburn–Etherington number.[17]
- 3,405,691,582 – hexadecimal CAFEBABE; used as a placeholder in programming.
- 3,405,697,037 – hexadecimal CAFED00D; used as a placeholder in programming.
- 3,735,928,559 – hexadecimal DEADBEEF; used as a placeholder in programming.
- 3,486,784,401 – 320
4,000,000,000 to 4,999,999,999
- 4,294,836,223 – 16th Carol number.[12]
- 4,294,967,291 – Largest prime 32-bit unsigned integer.
- 4,294,967,295 – Maximum 32-bit unsigned integer (FFFFFFFF16), perfect totient number, product of the five prime Fermat numbers through .
- 4,294,967,296 – 232
- 4,294,967,297 – , the first composite Fermat number.
- 4,295,098,367 – 15th Kynea number.[13]
- 4,807,526,976 – 48th Fibonacci number.
5,000,000,000 to 5,999,999,999
- 5,159,780,352 – 129
- 5,354,228,880 – superior highly composite number, smallest number divisible by all the numbers 1 through 24
- 5,784,634,181 – 13th alternating factorial.[19]
6,000,000,000 to 6,999,999,999
- 6,103,515,625 – 514
- 6,210,001,000 – only self-descriptive number in base 10.
- 6,227,020,800 – 13!
- 6,975,757,441 – 178
- 6,983,776,800 – 15th colossally abundant number,[20] 15th superior highly composite number[21]
7,000,000,000 to 7,999,999,999
8,000,000,000 to 8,999,999,999
- 8,589,869,056 – 6th perfect number.[22]
- 8,589,934,592 – 233
9,000,000,000 to 9,999,999,999
- 9,043,402,501 – 25th Motzkin number.[14]
- 9,814,072,356 – largest square pandigital number, largest pandigital pure power.
- 9,876,543,210 – largest number without redundant digits.
- 9,999,999,967 – greatest prime number with 10 digits.[23]
References
- ↑ "Yard". Investopedia. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
- ↑ "figures". The Economist Style Guide (11th ed.). The Economist. 2015.
- ↑ "6.5 Abbreviating 'million' and 'billion'". English Style Guide: A handbook for authors and translators in the European Commission (PDF) (8th ed.). European Commission. 3 November 2017. p. 32.
- ↑ "How many is a billion?". OxfordDictionaries.com. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
- ↑ "billion,thousand million,milliard". Google Ngram Viewer. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
- ↑ "How Much is a Billion?". Math Forum. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
- ↑ "Cosmic Detectives". European Space Agency. 2 April 2013.
- ↑ Panken, Eli (27 July 2016). "Apple Announces It Has Sold One Billion iPhones". NBCNews.com. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
- ↑ Seethamaram, Deep (27 July 2016). "Facebook Posts Strong Profit and Revenue Growth". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
- ↑ Burke, Jeremy (16 June 2015). "How the World Became A Giant Ant Colony". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
- ↑ Sloane, N.J.A. (ed.). "Sequence A003617 (Smallest n-digit prime)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
- 1 2 Sloane, N.J.A. (ed.). "Sequence A093112 (a(n) = (2^n-1)^2 - 2)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
- 1 2 Sloane, N.J.A. (ed.). "Sequence A093069 (a(n) = (2^n + 1)^2 -)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
- 1 2 3 Sloane, N.J.A. (ed.). "Sequence A001006 (Motzkin numbers)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
- 1 2 3 Sloane, N.J.A. (ed.). "Sequence A000129 (Pell numbers)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
- ↑ Sloane, N.J.A. (ed.). "Sequence A000110 (Bell or exponential numbers)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
- 1 2 3 Sloane, N.J.A. (ed.). "Sequence A001190 (Wedderburn-Etherington numbers)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
- ↑ Sloane, N.J.A. (ed.). "Sequence A054377 (Primary pseudoperfect numbers)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
- ↑ Sloane, N.J.A. (ed.). "Sequence A005165 (Alternating factorials)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
- ↑ Sloane, N.J.A. (ed.). "Sequence A004490 (Colossally abundant numbers)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
- ↑ Sloane, N.J.A. (ed.). "Sequence A002201 (Superior highly composite numbers)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
- ↑ Sloane, N.J.A. (ed.). "Sequence A000396 (Perfect numbers)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
- ↑ "Greatest prime number with 10 digits". Wolfram Alpha. Retrieved 13 November 2017.