Recognition of same-sex unions in the Americas

Legal status of same-sex unions
Marriage
Performed

Argentina
Australia
Austria*
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
Colombia
Costa Rica+
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Iceland
Ireland
Luxembourg
Malta
Mexico:
· 12 states & CDMX
Netherlands1
New Zealand2
Norway
Portugal
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Taiwan+
United Kingdom3
United States4
Uruguay

Recognized
  1. Not performed in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten
  2. Neither performed nor recognized in Niue, Tokelau or the Cook Islands
  3. Neither performed nor recognized in Northern Ireland, the dependency of Sark or six of the fourteen overseas territories
  4. Neither performed nor recognized in American Samoa or many tribal jurisdictions with the exception of federal recognition benefits
  5. When performed in Mexican states that have legalized same-sex marriage
  6. When performed in the Netherlands proper
  7. If performed before 1 June 2018
  8. Registration schemes open in all jurisdictions except Hualien County, Penghu County, Taitung County and Yunlin County

* Not yet in effect
+ Automatic deadline set by judicial body for same-sex marriage to become legal

LGBT portal
State recognition of same-sex relationships in North America & Hawaii.1
  Same-sex marriage
  Other type of partnership
  Same-sex marriages recognized, but not performed
  Binding decision overturning a ban on same-sex marriage not in effect2
1May include recent laws or court decisions which have created legal recognition of same-sex relationships, but which have not entered into effect yet.
2Some states in these categories also have a ban unions similar to marriage and binding judicial rulings against bans unions similar to marriage.
Homosexuality laws in Central America and the Caribbean Islands.
  Same-sex marriage
  Other type of partnership
  Unregistered cohabitation
  Foreign same-sex marriages recognized
  No recognition of same-sex couples
  Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal but not enforced
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal only for males
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal for males and females
Recognition of same-sex unions in South America
  Marriage
  Other type of partnership
  Unrecognized
  Same-sex marriage banned
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal
Homosexuality legislation in Lesser Antilles.
  Same-sex marriage
  Same-sex marriage only recognized
  Other type of partnership
  Unrecognized or unknown
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal but not enforced
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal

Recognition of same-sex unions is widespread in the Americas, with a majority of people in both North America and South America living in jurisdictions providing marriage rights to LGBT citizens. In North America, same-sex marriage is recognized by Canada, the United States,[nb 1] twelve Mexican states and Mexico City. Elsewhere in Mexico, same-sex marriages are recognized by all states, and same-sex couples may get married in any jurisdiction by obtaining a court injunction ("amparo"). Same-sex marriages are also performed in the Caribbean Netherlands, Bermuda, Greenland, and in French overseas departments (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin and Saint Pierre and Miquelon). Furthermore, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten recognize same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands. In South America, same-sex marriage is currently legal in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Uruguay and is also legal in the jurisdictions of French Guiana and the Falkland Islands, and civil unions are performed in Chile and Ecuador.

On 8 January 2018, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) ruled that the American Convention on Human Rights mandates and requires the legalisation of same-sex marriage. The landmark ruling was fully binding on Costa Rica and set binding precedent in the other signatory countries. The Court recommended that governments issue temporary decrees legalising same-sex marriage until new legislation is brought in. The ruling applies to the countries of Barbados, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and Suriname. The Costa Rican government subsequently announced that it would implement the ruling "in its totality",[1] and the government of Panama has also signalled that it would accept the ruling.[2][3]

Current situation

National level

Status Country Legal since Country population
(Last count, 2015 est.)
Marriage
(6 countries)		 Argentina Argentina 2010[4] 43,590,400
Brazil Brazil 2013[5] 205,574,000
Canada Canada 2005[6] 35,819,000
Colombia Colombia 2016[7] 48,509,200
United States United States 2015[8][9] 321,234,000
Uruguay Uruguay 2013[10] 3,480,222
Subtotal — — 658,206,822
(67.32% of the American population)
Marriage recognized nationwide;

legal in some jurisdictions; allowed by injunction in others
(1 country)
† Country subject to IACHR ruling on same-sex marriage

 Mexico Mexico † 2010[11] 121,006,000
Subtotal — — 121,006,000
(12.35% of the American population)
Other type of partnership
(2 countries)
† Country subject to IACHR ruling on same-sex marriage		 Chile Chile † 2015[12] 18,191,900
Ecuador Ecuador † 2008[13] 16,278,844
Subtotal — — 34,471,744
(3.49% of the American population)
Unregistered cohabitation
(1 country)
† Country subject to IACHR ruling on same-sex marriage		 Costa Rica Costa Rica † 2013[14][15] 4,851,000
Subtotal — — 4,851,000
(0.49% of the American population)
Total — — 818,535,566
(83.65% of the American population)
No recognition
(19 countries)
† Country subject to IACHR ruling on same-sex marriage
‡ Country accepts IACHR precedent but does not accept blanket jurisdiction		 Homosexuality is legal
The Bahamas Bahamas — 379,000
Belize Belize — 369,000
El Salvador El Salvador † — 6,460,000
Guatemala Guatemala † — 16,176,000
Haiti Haiti † — 10,994,000
Nicaragua Nicaragua † — 6,514,000
Panama Panama † — 3,764,000
Peru Peru † — 31,488,700
Suriname Suriname † — 534,189
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago — 1,357,000
Venezuela Venezuela — 31,648,930
Homosexuality is illegal but legislation is not enforced
Barbados Barbados † — 283,000
Homosexuality is illegal
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda — 89,000
Dominica Dominica ‡ — 71,000
Grenada Grenada ‡ — 104,000
Guyana Guyana — 746,900
Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis — 46,000
Saint Lucia Saint Lucia — 172,000
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines — 110,000
Subtotal — — 111,306,719
(11.21% of the American population)
Constitutional ban on marriage
(7 countries)
* Another type of union is possible
** Homosexuality is illegal
† Country subject to IACHR ruling on same-sex marriage
‡ Country accepts IACHR precedent but does not accept blanket jurisdiction		 Bolivia Bolivia † 2009[16] 10,985,059
Cuba Cuba 1976[17] 11,252,000
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic † 2010[18] 9,980,000
Ecuador Ecuador* † 2008[13] 16,278,844
Honduras Honduras † 2005[19][20] 8,950,000
Jamaica Jamaica** ‡ 1962[21] 2,729,000
Paraguay Paraguay † 1992[22] 6,854,536
Subtotal — — 67,029,439
(6.81% of the American population)
Total — — 178,336,158
(18.02% of the American population)

Sub-national level

Status Country Jurisdiction Legal since
Marriage
(67 jurisdictions)
Kingdom of Denmark Denmark 2016
France France 2013
Mexico Mexico Varies
Netherlands Netherlands 2012
United Kingdom United Kingdom 2017
United States United States 2015
Varies
Other type of partnership
(2 jurisdictions)
Netherlands Netherlands 2016
Mexico Mexico 2017
Marriage recognized,
but not performed
(3 jurisdictions)
Netherlands Netherlands 2007
Some recognition for limited purposes
(1 jurisdiction)		 United Kingdom United Kingdom 2016
No recognition
(2 jurisdictions)		 United Kingdom United Kingdom —
Constitutional ban on same-sex marriage
(3 jurisdictions)
United Kingdom United Kingdom Varies

2018 Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruling

On 9 January 2018, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued an advisory opinion that states party to the American Convention on Human Rights must grant same-sex couples accession to all existing domestic legal systems of family registration, including marriage, along with all rights that derive from marriage. The opinion was issued after the Government of Costa Rica sought clarification of its obligations to LGBT people under the convention.[84] The opinion sets precedent for all 23 member states, 19 of which did not recognize same-sex marriage at the time of the ruling: Barbados, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Grenada, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and Suriname. Of these, all but Dominica, Grenada and Jamaica have accepted the court's blanket jurisdiction. However, states must each individually apply the ruling before it takes effect.

Future legislation

Marriage

Government proposals or proposals with a parliamentary majority

Chile Chile: On 1 July 2016, the Government announced that it would begin consultations on a same-sex marriage bill in September 2016, with the aim of finalising it by mid-2017.[85] On 28 August 2017, President Bachelet sent a same-sex marriage bill to Congress, including full adoption rights.[86] On 17 December 2017, Sebastián Piñera was re-elected president,[87] and stated that he will respect the April 2015 agreement with the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights, saying that "Chile's international commitments will be fulfilled".[88] Following the January 2018 Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruling, which requires countries signatory to the American Convention on Human Rights to legalise same-sex marriage, LGBT advocacy group MOVILH urged Piñera to implement and abide by the decision.[89] In early March 2018, a spokesperson for the Piñera Administration announced that passing the same-sex marriage bill will not be a priority, but that the Piñera Government will not veto or oppose it.[88]

Costa Rica Costa Rica: On March 19, 2015, a bill to legalize same-sex marriage was introduced to the Legislative Assembly by Deputy Ligia Elena Fallas Rodríguez from the Broad Front.[90] On December 10, 2015, the organization Front for Equal Rights (Frente Por los Derechos Igualitarios) and a group of deputies from the Citizens' Action Party, the National Liberation Party and the Broad Front presented another bill.[91][92][93] On 9 January 2018, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued an advisory opinion that Costa Rica was obligated to legalize same-sex marriage. The Costa Rican government announced that it will abide by the resolution.[94][95] The Foreign Ministry notified the Judiciary, the Supreme Electoral Court (responsible for the Civil Registry) and the Legislative Assembly about the ruling on 12 January.[96][97] On 8 August 2018 a Supreme Court ruling gave deputies 18 months to approve same-sex marriage, otherwise it will became legal without the need for new legislation.[98]

Cuba Cuba: Article 36 of the Constitution of Cuba defines marriage as "the voluntarily established union between a man and a woman".[99] In July 2018, the National Assembly approved revisions to the Constitution which include an amendment to the definition of marriage: "the consensual union of two people, regardless of gender".[100] The constitutional changes will be put to a referendum on 24 February 2019.[101] President Miguel Díaz-Canel announced his support for same-sex marriage in September 2018.[102][103]

Mexico Mexico: A decision of the Mexico Supreme Court on 12 June 2015 ruled that state bans on same-sex marriage were unconstitutional. The court's ruling is a "jurisprudential thesis" and does not invalidate any state laws, meaning same-sex couples denied the right to wed would still have to seek individual injunctions. The ruling standardized the procedures for judges and courts throughout Mexico, to approve all applications for same-sex marriage,[104][105] and made the approval mandatory.[106] The ruling was published in the country's Judicial Gazette on 19 June 2015 and became binding on 22 June 2015.[107] Some have suggested the ruling "effectively legalises" same-sex marriage in Mexico,[108][109] though without legislative change, civil registrars are still bound to follow the state constitutions.[110][111][112] Following the 2018 general elections, a pro-same-sex marriage party, the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), won the majority of legislative seats in 12 states where same-sex marriage has not yet been legalized and formed a coalition with an absolute majority in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate with the Labor Party.[113][114] In September 2018, MORENA Senator Germán Martínez introduced a draft proposal to legalize same-sex marriage nationwide in Mexico.[115]

Panama Panama: On 16 January, the Panamanian Government welcomed the ruling by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights that signatories to the American Convention on Human Rights were required to allow same-sex marriages. Vice President Isabel Saint Malo, speaking on behalf of the Government, announced that the country would fully abide by the ruling. Official notices, requiring compliance with the ruling, were sent out to various governmental departments that same day.[116][117]

Venezuela Venezuela: On 31 January 2014, during a debate on a Civil Code reform bill, LGBT activists submitted a proposal seeking to alter Article 44 of the Civil Code to legalize same-sex marriage. The proposal was accompanied by 21,000 signatures as well as support from the state governments of Barinas, Falcón, Mérida, Monagas, Táchira, Yaracuy and Zulia.[118] In November 2017, President Nicolás Maduro expressed his personal support for same-sex marriage, and said that the Constituent Assembly would agree to discuss legalising same-sex marriage.[119][120] In September 2018, Hermann Escarrá, a member of the Constituent Assembly, said that there are discussions in the drafting of the new Constitution of Venezuela to allow same-sex marriage in the country,[121] and that there is majority of support for that in the assembly.[122] Discussion of each article of the new Constitution is expected to begin at the end of 2018 or early 2019.[123][124]

Opposition proposals or proposals without a parliamentary majority

Peru Peru: On 14 February 2017, a bill legalizing same-sex marriage was introduced in the Peruvian Congress, sponsored by a group of legislators from the Broad Front and Peruvians for Change.[125] The proposal seeks to alter Article 234 of the Civil Code to define marriage as "the union voluntarily agreed upon by two persons legally able to do so".[126]

Non-marital partnership

Opposition proposals or proposals without a parliamentary majority

Bolivia Bolivia: On 21 September 2015, the country's largest LGBT rights group handed the Bolivian Assembly a bill to legalize same-sex unions under the term "Family Life Agreement". The Family Life Agreement proposal seeks to grant same-sex couples the same rights as heterosexual couples with the exception of adoptions.[127]

Guatemala Guatemala: In December 2016, Congresswoman Sandra Morán of the Convergence Party announced the introduction of a civil unions bill in the Congress of Guatemala.[128]

Peru Peru: On 30 November 2016, a pair of representatives introduced a civil union bill in the Peruvian Congress.[129]

Ban on same-sex marriage

Government proposals or proposals with a parliamentary majority

Bermuda Bermuda: In 2017, the Government introduced a bill that would re-ban same-sex marriage in Bermuda by amending the Human Rights Act to exclude the Matrimonial Causes Act from its jurisdiction, and introduce domestic partnerships for same-sex and opposite-sex couples.[130] The Domestic Partnerships Bill passed the House of Representatives on December 8, and the Senate on December 13. It received Royal Assent in February 2018, and took effect on 1 June 2018. The Bermuda Supreme Court struck down the ban on same-sex marriage on 6 June 2018, but suspended its judgement pending an appeal by the government.[131] The appeal is due to be heard 7-9 November 2018.[132]

Guatemala Guatemala: In 2017, Law 5272 was introduced, containing measures to ban same-sex marriage. The law passed its committee stage and received its first debate in Congress on 22 August 2018.[133] The law may be vulnerable to a constitutional challenge, as the Guatemalan constitution places international human rights treaties, including rulings by the IACHR, above domestic law.[134]

Haiti Haiti: In August 2017, the Haitian Senate approved a bill that would ban same-sex marriage and criminalize anyone who entered or facilitated a same-sex marriage. It must be passed by the Chamber of Deputies and signed by the President before it becomes law.[135]

Public opinion

  Indicates the country/territory has legalized same-sex marriage nationwide
  Indicates that same-sex marriage is legal in certain parts of the country
Opinion polls for same-sex marriage by country
CountryPollsterYearFor same-sex marriageAgainst
Argentina ArgentinaIPSOS201574%[136] 26%[136]
The Bahamas BahamasBaròmetro de las Américas por LAPOP201410.6%[137]-
Belize BelizeBaròmetro de las Américas por LAPOP20148.4%[137]-
Bolivia BoliviaPew Research Center201422%[138]67%[138]
Brazil BrazilDataFolha201644%[139]42%[139]
Canada CanadaCROP201774%[140] 26%[140]
Chile ChilePlaza Pública201865%[141] 32%[141]
Colombia ColombiaGallup201841%[142]56%[142]
Costa Rica Costa RicaCentro de Investigación y Estudios Políticos201645%[143]49%[143]
Dominican Republic Dominican RepublicCDN 37201845%[144]55%
Ecuador EcuadorPew Research Center201416%[138]74%[138]
El Salvador El SalvadorBaròmetro de las Américas por LAPOP/Pew Research Center201413.9%[137]81%[137]
Guatemala GuatemalaPew Research Center201412%[138]82%[138]
Guyana GuyanaBarómetro de las Américas20147.6%-
Haiti HaitiBaròmetro de las Américas por LAPOP20146.7%[137]-
Honduras HondurasEstudio de Opinión Pública Honduras201817%[145]75%
Jamaica JamaicaILGA201616%[146]30%[146]
Mexico MexicoGabinete de Comunicación Estratégica201669%[147] 25%[147]
Nicaragua NicaraguaPew Research Center201416%[138]77%[138]
Panama PanamaBaròmetro de las Américas por LAPOP/Pew Research Center201425%[137]72%[137]
Paraguay ParaguayBaròmetro de las Américas por LAPOP201420.8%[137]-
Peru PeruCPI201713.4%[148]82.2%[148]
Suriname SurinameBarómetro de las Américas201418.1%[149]-
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and TobagoILGA201622%[150]50%[150]
United States United StatesGallup201867%[151] 31%[151]
Uruguay UruguayBaròmetro de las Américas por LAPOP201470.6%[137] -
Venezuela VenezuelaBaròmetro de las Américas por LAPOP201429.6%[137]61%[137]
Opinion polls for same-sex marriage by dependent territory
Country Pollster Year For Against Neutral Source
 Bermuda Global Research 2015 48% 45% 7% [152]
 Puerto Rico Pew Research Center 2014 33% 55% 12% [153]

Other polls

  • Argentina: A November 2009 poll conducted in the six biggest cities of Argentina found support for same-sex marriage at 63.3%, opposition was at 23.1%[154]
  • Brazil: A July 2012 nationwide poll revealed that 50% of Brazilians were in favor of the Supreme Court decision that expanded civil unions to same-sex couples. Those in favor were mostly women, younger people and Catholics.[155] Another poll released in March 2013 showed that 47% of the population was in favor of same-sex marriage, while 57% of Brazilians were in favor of same-sex couples adopting children.[156]
  • Chile: A January 2017 nationwide poll found that 45% of Chileans support same-sex adoption.[141]
  • Colombia: A poll conducted between December 2009 and January 2010 in Colombia's capital, Bogotá, showed that 63% of the city's population was in favor of legalizing same-sex marriage while 36% was against it.[157]
  • Peru: In August 2010, a poll revealed 21.3% of Peruvians approved same-sex marriage, 71.5% were against it. Support in younger people was higher at 31.9%[158]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Excluding most Native American tribes. (Same-sex marriage is legal at least in 40 of them)

References

  1. ↑ "Inter-American Court endorses same-sex marriage". Agence France-Presse. Yahoo7. 9 January 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  2. ↑ "Panamá acoge a la opinión de Corte IDH sobre matrimonio gay". La Estrella de Panamá. 16 January 2018.
  3. ↑ "El Gobierno panameño acoge opinión de la CorteIDH sobre matrimonio homosexual". W Radio. 16 January 2018.
  4. ↑ (in Spanish) Ley 26.618
  5. ↑ (in Portuguese) DIÁRIO DA JUSTIÇA CONSELHO NACIONAL DE JUSTIÇA Edição nº 89/2013
  6. ↑ "Canada passes bill to legalize gay marriage". The New York Times. June 29, 2005. Retrieved November 3, 2013.
  7. ↑ "Histórico: Colombia tiene matrimonio homosexual". El Tiempo. 7 April 2016.
  8. ↑ Wolf, Richard (June 26, 2015). "Supreme Court strikes down bans on same-sex marriage". USA Today. Retrieved June 26, 2015.
  9. ↑ Liptak, Adam (26 June 2015). "Gay Marriage Backers Win Supreme Court Victory". nytimes.com. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
  10. ↑ (in Spanish) Ley Nº 19.075 MATRIMONIO IGUALITARIO
  11. ↑ "Supreme court rules gay weddings valid in all Mexico". BBC News. 10 August 2010.
  12. ↑ (in Spanish) Ley número 20.830. - Crea el Acuerdo de Unión Civil
  13. 1 2 (in Spanish) Constituciones de 2008
  14. ↑ "Costa Rica Accidentally Approves Same-Sex Unions". The Huffington Post. 3 July 2013. Retrieved July 5, 2013.
  15. ↑ "Presidenta ya firmó ley que podría legalizar derechos a homosexuales". La Nación. 4 July 2013.
  16. ↑ "Constitución Política del Estado (CPE) (7-Febrero-2009)" (in Spanish). Infoleyes. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
  17. ↑ "The text of the Constitution of the Republic of Cuba". Walterlippman. January 31, 2003. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
  18. ↑ (in Spanish) Constitución Política de la República Dominicana, proclamada el 26 de enero 2010, Publicada en la Gaceta Oficial No. 10561, del 26 de enero de 2010.
  19. ↑ (in Spanish) CONSTITUCION POLITICA DE LA REPUBLICA DE HONDURAS DE 1982
  20. ↑ "Honduras Bans Gay Marriage & Adoption". Global Gayz. March 30, 2005. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
  21. ↑ Constitution of Jamaica
  22. ↑ "Paraguay – Constitution". Retrieved 2010-10-15.
  23. ↑ "Lov om ændring af myndighedsloven for Grønland, lov om ikrafttræden for Grønland af lov om ægteskabets retsvirkninger, retsplejelov for Grønland og kriminallov for Grønland" (in Danish). Government of Denmark. 4 February 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vignal, Francois (April 15, 2013). "Mariage pour tous : le détail du vote au Sénat" (in French). Public Senat. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
  25. ↑ "Matrimonio Igualitario una REALIDAD en Baja California. - AlfaMedios". AlfaMedios (in Spanish). Retrieved 2017-11-05.
  26. ↑ El Congreso aprueba la Ley de Matrimonios Igualitarios
  27. ↑ "Suprema Corte avala el matrimonio igualitario en Chiapas". Excelsior (in Spanish). 2017-07-11. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
  28. ↑ "Ante polémica, descarta Congreso legislar matrimonios" (in Spanish). El Diario de Chihuahua. 22 June 2015.
  29. ↑ "Mexican state of Coahuila legalizes same-sex marriage". LGBTQ Nation.
  30. ↑ "Gay Marriage Law Takes Effect In Mexican State Of Coahuila". ontopmag.com. 2014-09-17. Retrieved 2014-09-18.
  31. ↑ (in Spanish) Jalisco: Ordenan a registros no negar trámites a gays
  32. ↑ "First same-sex couples married in Puerto Vallarta". Puerto Vallarta Daily News. 20 April 2016.
  33. ↑ Castillo, E. Eduardo (December 21, 2009). "Mexico City Approves Gay Marriage". The Huffington Post. Retrieved December 21, 2009.
  34. ↑ (in Spanish) Diputados aprueban matrimonios igualitarios en Michoacán
  35. ↑ "Periodico Oficial, Organo Del Gobierno Del Estado De Nayarit" (PDF). 22 December 2015.
  36. ↑ "SCJN aprueba matrimonio igualitario en Puebla" [SCJN aproves equal marriage in Puebla] (in Spanish). Puebla City, Mexico: Publimetro. 1 August 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  37. ↑ Vázquez, Jesús (18 July 2012). "Bodas gay generan interés en el sector turismo de Quintana Roo". El Economista (in Spanish). El Economista S.A. de C.V. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
  38. 1 2 3 "Burgerlijk wetboek BES, boek 1" (in Dutch). overheid.nl. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
  39. ↑ "Gay couple win right to marry | The Royal Gazette:Bermuda News". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved 2017-05-05.
  40. ↑ Falkland Islands Same-Sex Marriage Update
  41. ↑ Beard Rau, Alia (October 25, 2017). "Court orders Ak-Chin tribe to recognize marriages of same-sex couples". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
  42. ↑ Federal Judge Rules Against Montana’s Ban On Same-Sex Marriage
  43. ↑ "Tribal court to conduct same-sex marriages". Juneau Empire. February 23, 2015. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
  44. ↑ Cherokee Nation attorney general OKs same-sex marriage
  45. ↑ "Same-sex Oklahoma couple marries legally under tribal law". KOCO. September 26, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
  46. ↑ "Title Another tribe recognizes same-sex marriages". dailykos.com. Retrieved 2016-07-27.
  47. ↑ Siletz Tribe becomes latest to join marriage equality movement, Indianz.Com, June 04, 2015
  48. ↑ "Colvilles recognize same sex marriage".
  49. ↑ "Tribal Council approves new marriage ordinance". Confederated Tribes of Grande Ronde. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
  50. ↑ Robinson, B.A. (May 5, 2012). "Adoption of SSM by the Coquille Nation of Oregon". Same-sex marriage (SSM) among Native Americans. Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance.
  51. 1 2 "Wind River tribal judge presides over first same-sex marriage". Indianz.Com. November 17, 2014. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
  52. ↑ "Nahgahchiwanong Dibahjimowinn, August 2014 (page 5)" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-07-27.
  53. ↑ Legal hurdles cleared, Nevada sees first same-sex marriage
  54. 1 2 3 4 5 Federal Judge Strikes Down Arizona’s Same-Sex Marriage Ban
  55. ↑ Minnesota set to legalize same-sex marriage
  56. ↑ Same-sex marriage provisions approved by Ho-Chunk Legislature
  57. ↑ "Santa Ysabel Tribe First in California to Support Same-Sex Marriage". Indian Country Today Media Network. June 28, 2013. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  58. ↑ "Keweenaw Bay Indian Community backs marriage equality law". Indianz.com. June 10, 2015. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
  59. ↑ Supreme Court Rejects Gay Marriage Appeals From 5 States
  60. ↑ "8th US Native American tribe allows same-sex couples to wed". Gay Star News.
  61. ↑ "Council of Michigan Indian tribe OKs gay marriage". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Associated Press. March 5, 2013. Retrieved March 5, 2013.
  62. ↑ Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Laws Annotated 2010-2011 Pocket Part
  63. ↑ "Ord. No. 16-28" (PDF). eCode360. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
  64. ↑ Ernestine Chasing Hawk (3 February 2016). "Traditional elders question same-sex marriage". Native Sun News.
  65. ↑ Ted Miller (28 May 2015). "Oneida Tribe approves same-sex marriage". WBAY.
  66. ↑ Native American Osage Nation Votes in Favor of Same-Sex Marriage
  67. ↑ POKAGON BAND OF POTAWATOMI INDIANS MARRIAGE CODE
  68. ↑ Forget Las Vegas. There’s Heronswood.
  69. ↑ "PRAIRIE ISLAND MDEWAKANTON DAKOTA COMMUNITY JUDICIAL CODE TITLE 3: DOMESTIC RELATIONS" (PDF). prairieisland.org. Retrieved April 5, 2017.
  70. ↑ Nagle, Matt (July 16, 2014). "Puyallup Tribe Recognizes Same-Sex Marriages". Tacoma Weekly. Retrieved July 21, 2014.
  71. ↑ "Win Awenen Nisitotung, Vol.36, No.8 (page 5)" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-07-25.
  72. ↑ "CHAPTER 61 STOCKBRIDGE-MUNSEE TRIBAL LAW MARRIAGE" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-07-25.
  73. ↑ Gardner, Steven (August 1, 2011). "Suquamish Tribe approves same-sex marriage". Kitsap Sun. Archived from the original on August 2, 2011. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
  74. ↑ "Tulalip Tribal Codes". Retrieved 2016-07-28.
  75. ↑ Enactment of Ordinance No. 261, Amending the Domestic Relations Code of the White Mountain Apache Tribe
  76. ↑ (in Dutch) AMENDEMENT van de leden Bikker, Wever-Croes, Herde, Lopez-Tromp
  77. ↑ (in Spanish) Periódico Oficial No. 2 Primera Sección, Enero 11 del 2017
  78. 1 2 3 "Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands" (in Dutch). Government of the Netherlands. 10 October 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  79. ↑ Gay couple wins work permit appeal
  80. ↑ "The Cayman Islands Constitution Order 2009" (PDF). Cayman Constitution. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
  81. ↑ "The Montserrat Constitution Order 2010". Government of Montserrat. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  82. ↑ "Constitution of Montserrat Part I: Fundamental Rights & Freedoms". Government of Montserrat. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  83. ↑ "The Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution Order 2011" (PDF). Government of the Turks and Caicos Islands. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  84. ↑ "Landmark ruling recognizes marriage, trans rights in the Americas". Washington Blade: Gay News, Politics, LGBT Rights. 2018-01-09. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
  85. ↑ Matrimonio Igualitario: Ejecutivo define cronograma para envío de proyecto
  86. ↑ News, ABC. "Chile's Bachelet presents gay marriage bill". ABC News. Retrieved 2017-08-29.
  87. ↑ Will Chile Be the First Nation to Win Marriage Equality in 2018?
  88. 1 2 (in Spanish) Movilh achieves commitment to command Sebastián Piñera to respect an equal marriage project
  89. ↑ MOVILH: NUEVA RESOLUCIÓN DE LA CIDH OBLIGA A PIÑERA A APROBAR IDENTIDAD DE GÉNERO
  90. ↑ (in Spanish) Proyecto de ley N.°19.508
  91. ↑ (in Spanish) Proyecto de organizaciones sociales para Matrimonio Igualitario ya está en la Asamblea Legislativa
  92. ↑ (in Spanish) 12 Diputados respaldan proyecto de ley para permitir matrimonio gay
  93. ↑ (in Spanish) Proyecto de Ley Matrimonio Igualitario by Frente Por los Derechos Igualitarios
  94. ↑ "Corte Interamericana de DD. HH: Costa Rica debe garantizar plenos derechos a población LGBTI". Teletica. 9 January 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  95. ↑ Ramírez, Luis (9 January 2018). "Implementar matrimonio gay como pide Corte IDH no requiere del Congreso, según gobierno". Amelia Rueda. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  96. ↑ "Costa Rica's Foreign Ministry Initiates Notification Process To Execute Court Order On Gay Marriage". Q Costa Rica. 12 January 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
  97. ↑ López, Ronny (12 January 2018). "Gobierno ordena a instituciones aplicar criterio de CIDH sobre matrimonio gay". AM Prensa. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
  98. ↑ Chinchilla, Sofía (9 August 2018). "Sala IV da 18 meses para que entre en vigencia el matrimonio homosexual". La Nación. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  99. ↑ Article 36, Constitution of the Republic of Cuba, 1992
  100. ↑ "Cuba's new constitution paves way for same-sex marriage". The Guardian. 23 July 2018.
  101. ↑ Cuba's Draft Constitution Opens Path to Gay Marriage
  102. ↑
  103. ↑
  104. ↑ "Mexico supreme court says state laws limiting marriage to man and woman unconstitutional". Minneapolis Star Tribune. 12 June 2015.
  105. ↑ "Suprema Corte ampara matrimonio igualitario" (in Spanish). Mexico: Animal Politico. 13 June 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  106. ↑ "SCJN abre la puerta a matrimonio gay en todo el país" (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: La Journada. 12 June 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  107. ↑ México avalará el matrimonio gay a partir del lunes
  108. ↑ "Mexico is the latest Latin American country to introduce marriage for same-sex couples". The Independent. 16 June 2015.
  109. ↑ "With Little Fanfare, Mexican Supreme Court Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage". New York Times. 16 June 2015.
  110. ↑ "Organizaciones civiles demandan a tribunal de Yucatán por obstaculizar el matrimonio homosexual" (in Spanish). Mérida, Mexico: Animo Politico. 14 June 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  111. ↑ "Puebla entre los estados que violan la Constitución por impedir matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo" (in Spanish). Puebla, Mexico: Periodico Central. 14 June 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  112. ↑ Rodríguez Castro, Óscar (14 June 2014). "Genera división de opiniones aprobación de la SCJN a la legalización de la unión entre personas del mismo sexo" (in Spanish). Mexico: El Diario de Delicias. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  113. ↑ Buscará Morena legislar matrimonio igualitario en Sinaloa
  114. ↑ Mexico: President-Elect Lopez Obrador and His Morena Party Secure Congressional Control
  115. ↑ (in Spanish) Martínez Cázares busca reconocimiento del matromonio igualitario ante IMSS e ISSSTE
  116. ↑ "Panamá acoge a la opinión de Corte IDH sobre matrimonio gay". La Estrella de Panamá. 16 January 2018.
  117. ↑ "El Gobierno panameño acoge opinión de la CorteIDH sobre matrimonio homosexual". W Radio. 16 January 2018.
  118. ↑ Becker, Sabina (29 January 2014). "Equal marriage: coming soon to Venezuela?". News of the Restless.
  119. ↑ (in Spanish) Maduro: "Creo que todo el mundo se puede casar, aunque sea homosexual" shangay.com, 20 November 2017
  120. ↑ (in Spanish) ¿Está Maduro a favor de legalizar el matrimonio homosexual y despenalizar el aborto en Venezuela? La Sexta, 20 November 2017
  121. ↑
  122. ↑
  123. ↑
  124. ↑
  125. ↑ Peruvian Lawmakers Introduce Gay Marriage Bill On Valentine's Day
  126. ↑ (in Spanish) Se presentó proyecto de ley de Matrimonio Igualitario en el Peru
  127. ↑ (in Spanish) Entregan propuesta sobre parejas del mismo sexo
  128. ↑ (in Spanish) Preparan reformas al Código Civil para legalizar unión de personas del mismo sexo
  129. ↑ "Presentan nuevo proyecto de ley de unión civil gay en Perú". Retrieved 2016-12-02.
  130. ↑ "Human Rights Amendment Act 2017" (PDF).
  131. ↑ "Bermuda legalizes same-sex marriage — again". NBC News. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
  132. ↑ "SSM appeal to be heard in November | The Royal Gazette:Bermuda Same-Sex Marriage". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
  133. ↑ "Iniciativa de Ley (Detalle) « Congreso de Guatemala". www.congreso.gob.gt. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
  134. ↑ "Por qué la Iniciativa de Ley 5272 no debe ser aprobada - Visibles". Visibles (in Spanish). 2018-08-28. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
  135. ↑ "Haitian Senate approves bill to ban same-sex marriage".
  136. 1 2 "Of 23 Countries Surveyed, Majority (65%) in 20 Countries Support Legal Recognition of Same-Sex Unions". Ipsos. March 29, 2015.
  137. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Costa Rica lidera índices de apoyo al matrimonio gay en Centroamérica; 10° a nivel regional
  138. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
  139. 1 2 Perfil e opinião dos evangélicos no Brasil – total da amostra, PO813906, 07 e 08/12/2016
  140. 1 2 ""I find it great that in our society, two people of the same sex can get married"" (PDF).
  141. 1 2 3 "Encuesta Plaza Pública primera semana de julio Estudio Nº 234" (PDF). Plaza Pública Cadem. July 9, 2018.
  142. 1 2 Gallup Poll Junio 2018
  143. 1 2 (in Spanish) Se mantienen actitudes conservadoras en Costa Rica sobre matrimonio igualitario y Estado laico
  144. ↑ https://www.cdn.com.do/2018/02/05/encuesta-cdn-matrimonio-homosexual-rd-recibe-mas-300-mil-votos/
  145. ↑ https://www.laprensa.hn/honduras/1178836-410/hondurenos-rechaza-matrimonio-homosexual-planificacion-familiar
  146. 1 2 "THE ILGA/RIWI GLOBAL ATTITUDES SURVEY ON LGBTI PEOPLE IN PARTNERSHIP WITH LOGO" (PDF).
  147. 1 2 "69% approve EPN's gay marriage changes". Mexico News Daily.
  148. 1 2 "El matrimonio igualitario y la opinión pública" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 February 2017.
  149. ↑ https://www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/insights/ITB021es.pdf
  150. 1 2 "THE ILGA/RIWI GLOBAL ATTITUDES SURVEY ON LGBTI PEOPLE IN PARTNERSHIP WITH LOGO" (PDF).
  151. 1 2 "Two in Three Americans Support Same-Sex Marriage".
  152. ↑ Poll: support for same-sex marriage
  153. ↑ "Social Attitudes on Moral Issues in Latin America - Pew Research Center". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. November 13, 2014. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  154. ↑ Most Argentineans Support Same-Sex Marriage
  155. ↑ (in Portuguese) Evolução: 50% da população brasileira aprova o casamento gay, diz pesquisa
  156. ↑ Quase 60% dos brasileiros são a favor de adoção de crianças por gays
  157. ↑ (in Spanish) Los habitantes de Bogotá aprueban el matrimonio homosexual, según encuesta
  158. ↑ (in Spanish) ESTUDIO DE OPINIÓN PÚBLICA A NIVEL PERÚ URBANO - Informe de resultados - (5 al 9 de agosto de 2010)
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.