Same-sex marriage in Finland

Legal status of same-sex unions
Marriage
Performed

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  1. Not performed in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten
  2. Neither performed nor recognized in Niue, Tokelau or the Cook Islands
  3. Neither performed nor recognized in Northern Ireland, the dependency of Sark or six of the fourteen overseas territories
  4. Neither performed nor recognized in American Samoa or many tribal jurisdictions with the exception of federal recognition benefits
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+ Automatic deadline set by judicial body for same-sex marriage to become legal

LGBT portal

Same-sex marriage (Finnish: samaa sukupuolta olevien avioliitto; Swedish: samkönat äktenskap) has been legal in Finland since 1 March 2017. A bill for the legalisation of such marriages was approved by the Finnish Parliament on 12 December 2014 and signed by President Sauli Niinistö on 20 February 2015. The law took effect on 1 March 2017.

Previously, from 2002 until 2017, registered partnerships (Finnish: rekisteröity parisuhde; Swedish: registrerat partnerskap) had been available for same-sex couples, which provided the same rights and responsibilities as marriage for opposite-sex couples, except e.g. adoption rights and the right to a joint last name.

History

Registered partnerships

Laws regarding same-sex partnerships in Europe
  Marriage¹
  Foreign marriages recognized¹
  Other type of partnership¹
  Unregistered cohabitation¹
  Unrecognized
  Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples

¹ May include recent laws or court decisions which have created legal recognition of same-sex relationships, but which have not entered into effect yet.

Legislation introducing registered partnerships (Finnish: rekisteröity parisuhde; Swedish: registrerat partnerskap) for same-sex couples was passed by the Parliament on 28 September 2001 with a vote of 99–84.[1] The Act on Registered Partnerships went into effect on 1 March 2002. Registered partnerships, which were available only to same-sex couples, provided the same rights and responsibilities as marriage for opposite-sex couples, except in e.g. adoption rights and family names, and they were registered and dissolved using a procedure similar to that for civil marriage. The legislation also granted immigration rights to a foreign partner.[2]

In May 2009, the Parliament revised the act allowing couples to adopt the biological children of their partner.[3][4] On 1 March 2017, the law was repealed for the parts that dealt with entering into partnerships, therefore leaving the existing partnerships intact and leaving it up to the registered couples to convert their unions into marriages.[5][6]

Same-sex marriage

Parliamentary history

2007–2011 parliamentary term

A poll conducted by Christian newspaper Kotimaa reported in March 2010 that a narrow majority of Finnish MPs opposed same-sex marriage. Of the 126 MPs who were asked if they would support a gender-neutral marriage law, 46% were in favour and 54% were opposed. 63% of Social Democratic representatives supported same-sex marriage as well all MPs from the Greens and Left Alliance. Majorities of the Centre Party and National Coalition Party opposed same-sex marriage.[7][8]

However, a later survey in April 2010 by Helsingin Sanomat reported that there was cross-party support for same-sex marriage and joint adoption rights. Secretary of the National Coalition Party Taru Tujunen stated that an initiative would be put forward at the next party conference on gender-neutral marriage.[9][10] At the June 2010 party conference, the NCP delegates voted in favor of a gender-neutral marriage law, though the vice-chairman of NCP Parliament group Ben Zyskowicz did not believe a same-sex marriage bill would be approved by the NCP during the upcoming four years, basing his view on the fact that the majority of the NCP MPs were against it.[11][12] Two weeks earlier, the Social Democrats passed a measure in favor of same-sex marriage.[13] The Left Alliance and the Green League also support it.[14][15] Foreign Minister Alexander Stubb, who held a speech at the opening ceremony of Helsinki Pride week on 28 June 2010, said he supports a gender-neutral marriage law with full adoption rights for same-sex couples.[16]

On 2 July 2010, Minister of Justice Tuija Brax announced that the Ministry of Justice would be preparing a reform of the Marriage Act in the autumn of 2011.[17] It was considered possible that same-sex marriage would be legalized after the 2011 parliamentary elections, where it was speculated to turn into a major theme,[18] though in the August 2010 survey, only 20% of the respondents said the issue should be a major theme.[19]

2011–2015 parliamentary term

According to the voting advice application of Helsingin Sanomat, 90 MPs of the 200-seat Parliament elected in April 2011 supported joint adoption for same-sex couples, while 93 MPs opposed it.[20] Upon joining the new Government in 2011, the Christian Democrats required assurances that no government bill would include same-sex marriage.[21] However, according to the Left Alliance, it was agreed upon during the talks on government formation that, if proposed as a members' initiative by individual MPs, such a bill could be endorsed by the remaining five parties in the Government: the National Coalition, the Social Democrats, the Left Alliance, the Green League and the Swedish People's Party.[22] The legislative proposal was presented as a members' initiative on 29 September 2011.[23][24][25]

On 21 March 2012, after five months of signature gathering among MPs, a bill to legalize same-sex marriage was submitted to Parliament. 76 out of the 199 voting MPs had signed their support for the draft bill, and several additional members were expected to vote for it, including Prime Minister Jyrki Katainen.[26][27][28] On 27 February 2013, the bill was voted down by the Legal Affairs Committee in a 9–8 vote.[29][30] After being turned down by the committee, a similar bill was put forward as a citizens' initiative, organised by the Tahdon2013 campaign ("I do 2013").[31] The campaign commenced to gather signatures on 19 March 2013,[29][32] and by the evening of the first day, the initiative had gathered over 90,000 online signatures, eventually reaching a total of 166,851. The required minimum for an initiative to be sent to Parliament is 50,000 signatures.[33][34]

Citizens' initiatives had only been possible in Finland since 2012.[35][36] Therefore, in March 2013, it was still unclear whether a citizens' initiative would be considered on equal footing with a government bill (hallituksen esitys), or a members' initiative (lakialoite).[37] Members' initiatives signed by at least 100 MPs are given precedence in legislative process, while initiatives with less signatures mostly expire at the end of the legislative session.[38][39]

In April 2013, the Speaker's Council of Parliament issued recommendations on how citizens' initiatives are to proceed in Parliament. All initiatives shall be sent to a committee chosen by the plenary session of Parliament. The committee should inform signatories of the initiative within six months on how the committee plans to handle the matter (e.g. by holding hearings of specialists), whether to recommend the initiative for a vote in the plenary session etc. The committee has full authority on the matter and works independently.

Signature collection for the same-sex marriage initiative ended after the standard six months period in September 2013 and the initiative was submitted to Parliament on 13 December 2013. In February 2014, the initiative was sent to the Legal Affairs Committee.[40][41][34][42][43] The committee unanimously voted to schedule a public hearing on the initiative for 13 March 2014.[44] After the public hearing, Yle reported that the initiative would be sent to the plenary session and not die in the committee.[45][46] On 25 June 2014, after multiple committee hearings with experts, the Legal Affairs Committee voted 10–6 against same-sex marriage. The vote would have been closer but two members in favour of same-sex marriage missed the vote and were replaced by one substitute member against it.[47][48]

On 20 November 2014, the committee voted 9–8 for recommending that the Parliament reject same-sex marriage.[49][50] In the bill's first reading on 28 November 2014, the full session of Parliament, by a vote of 92–105, did not accept that recommendation, thereby approving the amendments to the Marriage Act, removing references to the spouses as "men" and "women".[51][52] Due to the Parliament not accepting the recommendation, the Grand Committee continued consideration of the initiative on 3 December 2014, voting 17–8 in favour of approving the initiative.[53][54] The initiative was approved 101–90 by the full session in its second reading on 12 December and was signed by President Sauli Niinistö on 20 February 2015. Along with the final vote, Parliament also approved a statement requiring the next Government to draft necessary amendments to other relevant acts so that they would be consistent with the Marriage Act.[55][56][57][58][59] The amendments to the Marriage Act took effect on 1 March 2017.[60][61][62]

During 2014, thousands of Finns resigned from the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland due to comments made by church officials supporting the new legislation.[63]

12 December 2014 vote in the Parliament of Finland[64]
PartyYesNoAbstentionNot PresentTotals
National Coalition Party     26150344
Social Democratic Party     3630241
Finns Party     1350137
Centre Party     6291036
Left Alliance     1200012
Swedish People's Partya     910010
Christian Democrats     06006
Green League     900110
Dissidents from the Left Alliance     20002
Change 2011     01001
Totals1019017b199
a. The Swedish-speaking Finns' parliamentary group consists of nine Swedish People’s Party members and one Independent representing the Autonomous Region of Åland.
b. The Speaker votes only in unusual circumstances, though he or she continues to serve as one of the 200 members of Parliament.
2015–2019 parliamentary term

Following the elections of 19 April 2015, a new more conservative government was formed consisting of the Centre Party, the Finns Party and the National Coalition Party. Despite a majority of their MPs having voted against same-sex marriage, the Government was supposed to introduce amendments to other acts whose wordings still referred to a married couple as "man" and "woman". While the majority of the Finns Party were of the opinion that the amendments to the Marriage Act should be repealed, the other two parties generally disagreed. The opposition parties, with the exception of the Christian Democrats, were almost completely in favour of amending the other acts in order to harmonise them with the Marriage Act.[65]

On 22 October 2015, the Parliament started to debate legislation to amend other acts that still had specific references to opposite-sex couples. Minister of Justice Jari Lindström from the Finns Party, who introduced the bill, said he did that despite his personal opposition.[66][67] On 11 December 2015, the Legal Affairs Committee recommended the adoption of the bill with amendments.[68] The bill was approved by Parliament, in a 106-42 vote, on 17 February 2016.[69] It was signed by the President on 8 April 2016 and took effect on 1 March 2017, on the same day as the amendments to the Marriage Act. Among laws amended were the Act on Population Information System and the certicate services of the Population Register Centre (661/2009), the Act on Legal Recognition of the Gender of Transsexuals (563/2002) and the Religious Freedom Act (453/2003).[70][71][72]

17 February 2016 vote in the Parliament of Finland[73]
PartyVoted forVoted againstAbsent (Did Not Vote)
Centre Party     
Finns Party     
National Coalition Party      –
Social Democratic Party     
Green League      –
Left Alliance      –
Swedish People's Partya      –
Christian Democrats      – –
Total1064252
a. The Swedish-speaking Finns' parliamentary group consists of nine Swedish People’s Party members and one Independent representing the Autonomous Region of Åland.
b. The Speaker votes only in unusual circumstances, though he or she continues to serve as one of the 200 members of Parliament.

A separate bill to make necessary changes related to social benefits and social and health care services was introduced by the Government on 3 November 2016, and approved by the Parliament, in a 128-28 vote, on 13 December 2016.[74][75][76][77] It was signed by the President on 13 January 2017 and took effect alongside the amendments to the Marriage Act.[78][79][80]

13 December 2016 vote in the Parliament of Finland[81]
PartyVoted forVoted againstAbstainedAbsent (Did Not Vote)
Centre Party      - -
Finns Party     
National Coalition Party      - -
Social Democratic Party      - -
Green League      - -
Left Alliance      - -
Swedish People's Partya      - -
Christian Democrats      - - -
Total12828440
a. The Swedish-speaking Finns' parliamentary group consists of nine Swedish People’s Party members and one Independent representing the Autonomous Region of Åland.
b. The Speaker votes only in unusual circumstances, though he or she continues to serve as one of the 200 members of Parliament.
c. The nine deputies of the Swedish People's Party that were present accidentally voted against the bill, although the entire group supported it.[82]
d. Both SDP MP Henry Wallin and Finns Party MP Mika Niikko have reported that they had intended to vote "no." [83]

A citizens' initiative was started on 29 March 2015 aiming to repeal the gender-neutral amendments to the Marriage Act.[84] The initiative collected almost 110,000 signatures by 29 September 2015 and was presented to the Parliament on 22 June 2016. On 8 September 2016, it was sent to the Legal Affairs Committee after a plenary debate.[85][86] On 15 February 2017, the committee recommended that the Parliament reject the initiative.[87][88][89] On 17 February 2017, the Parliament voted to accept the committee's recommendation by a 120-48 margin with 2 abstentions, thus not approving the initiative.[90][91][92][93]

17 February 2017 vote in the Parliament of Finland[93]
PartyVoted forVoted againstAbstainedAbsent (Did Not Vote)
Centre Party (KESK)     
Finns Party (PS)      -
National Coalition Party (KOK)      -
Social Democratic Party (SD)      -
Green League (VIHR)      – –
Left Alliance (VAS)      – –
Swedish People's Party (RKP)a      – –
Christian Democrats (KD)      – – –
Total12048230
a. The Swedish-speaking Finns' parliamentary group consists of nine Swedish People’s Party members and one Independent representing the Autonomous Region of Åland.
b. The Speaker votes only in unusual circumstances, though he or she continues to serve as one of the 200 members of Parliament.
c. RKP MP Eva Biaudet and VIHR MP Krista Mikkonen have stated that they have voted incorrectly, as they were both registered to have being absent for the vote.[94] They have both intended to vote 'Yes' on the committee report.[95][96]

Statistics

In the first month, following the entry into force of the law allowing such marriages a total of 857 same-sex marriages took place, of which 87 were newly performed and 770 were registered partnerships converted to marriages.[97][98]

Between March and August 2017, a total of 1,578 same-sex marriages took place, of which 456 were new marriages, and 1,122 were registered partnerships converted to marriages.[99][100]

Public opinion

Support for same-sex marriage in Finland has grown during the 2000s. A December 2006 EU poll put Finnish support for same-sex marriage at 45%,[101] while an August 2010 survey conducted by Yle, put the support at 54%, with 35% opposing it.[19] In January 2013, a poll conducted by YouGov found that the support had climbed to 57%, with 32% opposed and 12% unsure. In the same survey, support for same-sex adoption was 51%, with 36% opposed and 13% unsure.[102][103] A March 2013 survey by Taloustutkimus found that 58% of Finns supported same-sex marriage.[104] In March 2014, a follow-up Taloustutkimus survey found a support of 65% with 27% opposing and 8% unsure.[46]

A June 2014 survey showed that among clergy of the state Evangelical Lutheran Church, 44% supported a gender-neutral marriage law, while 41% opposed and 15% were neutral. 60% supported church blessings for registered couples. 28% said the Church should abandon the legislated duty to perform marriages if a gender-neutral marriage law is passed.[105]

The 2015 Eurobarometer found that 66% of Finns thought that same-sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, 28% were against.[106]

A Pew Research Center poll, conducted between April and August 2017 and published in May 2018, showed that 64% of Finns supported same-sex marriage, 26% were opposed and 10% didn't know or refused to answer.[107] When divided by religion, 84% of religiously unaffiliated people, 62% of non-practicing Christians and 30% of church-attending Christians supported same-sex marriage.[108]

Regional significance

Finland was the last Nordic country to introduce same-sex marriage. Although the change has brought it into alignment with its Nordic neighbours, this represents a significant difference of approach to neighbouring Russia, which has historically exercised influence in Finland's affairs and has been hostile to LGBT rights.[109]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Parliament narrowly passes law allowing same-sex registration". Helsingin Sanomat. 28 September 2001. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  2. ↑ "Laki rekisteröidystä parisuhteesta" (in Finnish). Finlex. Archived from the original on 21 January 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  3. ↑ "Finland allows gay couples to adopt partner's children". PinkNews. 15 May 2009. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  4. ↑ "Laki rekisteröidystä parisuhteesta annetun lain 9 §:n muuttamisesta" (in Finnish). FINLEX. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  5. ↑ "Avioliitto, avoliitto ja rekisteröity parisuhde" (in Finnish). Oikeus.fi. 1 March 2017. Archived from the original on 17 April 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  6. ↑ "Rekisteröidyn parisuhteen muuttaminen avioliitoksi" (in Finnish). Local Register Offices. Archived from the original on 17 April 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  7. ↑ "Slim majority of Finnish MPs against same-sex marriage -Poll". Helsinki Times. 11 March 2010. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
  8. ↑ "Homoliitot jakavat eduskunnan". MTV3 (in Finnish). 11 March 2010. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
  9. ↑ "Widespread support within Parliamentary parties for gender-neutral marriage". Helsingin Sanomat. Archived from the original on 10 June 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
  10. ↑ Nordal, Erlingur (23 April 2010). "Finnish parliamentary support for gay marriage and adoption rights". IceNews. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
  11. ↑ "NCP's Conflicting Stands on Swedish in Finland". Yle. 13 June 2010. Archived from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  12. ↑ "Lehdet: Zyskowicz toppuuttelee sukupuolineutraalia avioliittolakia". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 29 July 2010. Archived from the original on 31 March 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
  13. ↑ "NCP delegates endorse abolition of mandatory Swedish, gender-neutral marriage". Helsingin Sanomat. 14 June 2010. Archived from the original on 19 August 2010. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  14. ↑ "Rikkaus lisääntyy jakamalla". Left Alliance (in Finnish). 20 June 2010. Archived from the original on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  15. ↑ "Vihreä tehtävä 2010–2014 – poliittinen ohjelma". Green League (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  16. ↑ Huuskonen, Matti (28 June 2010). "Stubb vaati homopareille täyttä adoptio-oikeutta Helsinki Priden avajaisissa". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 19 August 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
  17. ↑ "Gender-Neutral Marriage Law Possible by 2012". Yle. 2 July 2010. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  18. ↑ "Avioliittolaki ja uskonto kuumentavat alkavaa vaalitaistoa". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Helsingin Sanomat. 17 July 2010. Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
  19. 1 2 "Survey: Majority Favour Gender Neutral Marriage Law". Yle. 21 August 2010. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  20. ↑ Hämäläinen, Marko; Rokka, Jussi (25 April 2011). "Homoparien ulkopuolinen adoptio jakaa uuden eduskunnan". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Sanoma News. Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  21. ↑ "Neuvottelutulos hallitusohjelmasta" (PDF) (in Finnish). Cabinet of Finland. 17 June 2011. Archived from the original (pdf) on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  22. ↑ "Sukupuolineutraalia avioliittolakia ei hallitusohjelmaan". Yle (in Finnish). 17 June 2011. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  23. ↑ "BREAKING NEWS: Multiparty initiative to change marriage legislation to allow same-sex marriages". Helsingin Sanomat. 28 September 2011. Archived from the original on 30 December 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  24. ↑ "NEWS ANALYSIS: Marriage equality issue left over from government formation talks". Helsingin Sanomat. 29 September 2011. Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  25. ↑ "Parties propose gender neutral marriage". Yle. 28 September 2011. Archived from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  26. ↑ "Marriage equality bill divides Parliament". Helsingin Sanomat. 22 March 2012. Archived from the original on 31 March 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  27. ↑ Vassinen, Eero (21 March 2012). "Finnish MPs seek to legalize same-sex marriage". Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
  28. ↑ "Lakialoite 2/2012 vp" (in Finnish). Parliament of Finland. Archived from the original on 4 March 2013.
  29. 1 2 "Parliamentary committee narrowly blocks same-sex marriage". Yle. 27 February 2013. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  30. ↑ "Committee votes against bill for equal marriage rights". Helsinki Times. 27 February 2013. Archived from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
  31. ↑ "Tahdon2013" (in Finnish). Tasa-arvoinen Suomi ry. Archived from the original on 8 February 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  32. ↑ Morgan, Joe (1 March 2013). "Finland votes against gay marriage". Gay Star News. Archived from the original on 22 February 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  33. ↑ Toivonen, Terhi (19 March 2013). "Tasa-arvoisen avioliittolain kansalaisaloitteella jo 100 000 nimeä kasassa". Yle (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  34. 1 2 "Kansalaisaloite tasa-arvoisesta avioliittolaista Suomen nykyinen lainsäädäntö asettaa ihmiset eriarvoiseen asemaan. Vain nainen ja mies voivat avioitua keskenään. Rekisteröidyssä parisuhteessa olevilla pareilla on samat velvollisuudet muttei samoja oikeuksia. Tasa-arvoinen avioliittolaki takaisi jokaiselle oikeuden mennä avioliittoon riippumatta puolison sukupuolesta. Näin kaikki parit olisivat lain edessä yhdenvertaisia" (in Finnish). Ministry of Justice of Finland. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  35. ↑ "Citizens' initiatives in Finland". Ministry of Justice of Finland. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  36. ↑ "The Constitution of Finland" (PDF). Ministry of Justice of Finland.
  37. ↑ "Legislative work of Parliament". Parliament of Finland. Archived from the original on 23 April 2015.
  38. ↑ Romero, Rebeca (6 March 2013). "Kannattaako kansalaisaloitteen tekeminen?". Iltalehti (in Finnish). Alma Media. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  39. ↑ Halminen, Laura; Rantanen, Miska (12 March 2013). "Tiitisen puheille kansalaisaloitteesta tyrmäys: "Hän on väärässä"". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Sanoma News. Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  40. ↑ "Parliament mulls how to deal with citizens' initiatives". Yle. 13 March 2013. Archived from the original on 27 October 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  41. ↑ "Kansalaisaloitteelle vastaus kuudessa kuukaudessa". Parliament of Finland. 17 April 2013. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013.
  42. ↑ Potts, Andrew (20 September 2013). "Finland's Parliament to consider gay marriage after popular campaign". Gay Star News. Archived from the original on 24 September 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  43. ↑ Luukka, Teemu; Teivainen, Aleksi (13 December 2013). "Initiative for equal Marriage Act presented to Parliament". Helsinki Times. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  44. ↑ Aro, Jessikka (27 February 2014). "Homoliittojen käsittely eduskunnassa jatkuu – lakivaliokunnalta yksimielinen päätös". Yle (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 7 November 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
  45. ↑ Uusivaara, Terhi (13 March 2014). "Sukupuolineutraalin avioliittolain kannattajat: Ihmisten tarpeeton luokittelu poistettava" [Supporters of gender-neutral marriage act: "People's unnecessary classification has to stop"]. Yle (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 7 November 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  46. 1 2 "Tahdon2013-kysely: Samaa sukupuolta olevien avioliiton kannatus noussut". Yle (in Finnish). 13 March 2014. Archived from the original on 7 November 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
  47. ↑ "Legal committee votes against gay marriage". Yle. 25 June 2014. Archived from the original on 16 February 2016.
  48. ↑ Pohjanpalo, Olli; Rantanen, Annika; Saarikoski, Laura; Teivainen, Aleksi (25 June 2014). "Initiative for equal marriage rights turned down by Legal Affairs Committee". Helsinki Times, Helsingin Sanomat. Archived from the original on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
  49. ↑ "MPs to face conscience vote on gay marriage". Yle. 20 November 2014. Archived from the original on 30 January 2015. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  50. ↑ Nieminen, Martta; Teivainen, Aleksi (20 November 2014). "Legal Affairs Committee re-affirms opposition to equal marriage rights". Helsinki Times, Helsingin Sanomat. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
  51. ↑ "Finnish Parliament approves same-sex marriage". Yle. 28 November 2014. Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  52. ↑ Rosendahl, Jussi; Ercanbrack, Anna (28 November 2014). "Finland votes to legalise same-sex marriage". Reuters. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  53. ↑ "Stora utskottet sade ja till könsneutral äktenskapslag". Yle (in Swedish). 3 December 2014. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015.
  54. ↑ Nieminen, Martta; Teivainen, Aleksi (3 December 2014). "Grand Committee votes for equal marriage rights". Helsinki Times, Helsingin Sanomat. Archived from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  55. ↑ "Parliament Approves Equal Marriage Rights". Parliament of Finland. 12 December 2014. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  56. ↑ "Second vote approval of gender-neutral marriage bill". Yle. 12 December 2014. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  57. ↑ Nurmi, Eero (12 December 2014). "Eduskunta hyväksyi kansalaisaloitteen avioliittolain muuttamisesta". Yle (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  58. ↑ "President signs gender-neutral marriage law". Yle. 20 February 2015. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016.
  59. ↑ Morgan, Joe (20 February 2015). "Finland president signs gay marriage law - couples will have to wait to get married until 2017". Gay Star News. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  60. ↑ "Same-sex marriage law goes into effect in Finland". Yle. 1 March 2017. Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
  61. ↑ Duffy, Nick (1 March 2017). "Same-sex weddings finally begin today in Finland". PinkNews. Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
  62. ↑ Robins-Early, Nick (1 March 2017). "Finland Allows Same-Sex Marriages For The First Time". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
  63. ↑ Eroakirkosta.fi - Tänään eronnut 1052 ihmistä klo 11:n mennessä - 2600 jätti kirkon eilen.
  64. ↑ "Kansalaisaloite eduskunnalle avioliittolain, rekisteröidystä parisuhteesta annetun lain ja transseksuaalin sukupuolen vahvistamisesta annetun lain muuttamisesta (KAA 3/2013 vp) - Toinen käsittely" (in Finnish). 12 December 2014. Archived from the original on 20 January 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
  65. ↑ Granholm, Alexander (20 April 2015). "Så här tycker den nya riksdagen". Yle (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  66. ↑ "Justice minister to reluctantly present same-sex marriage legislation". Yle. 22 October 2015. Archived from the original on 25 December 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  67. ↑ Auvinen, Pirjo (22 October 2015). "Avioliittolaista hurja väittely eduskunnassa: "Ministerit ja kansanedustajat ovat saaneet tehtävänsä Jumalalta"". Yle (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  68. ↑ "Valiokunnan mietintö LaVM 7/2015 vp HE 65/2015 vp". Parliament of Finland (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  69. ↑ "Parliament approves same-sex marriage legislation". Yle. 17 February 2016. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  70. ↑ "All systems go for gender-neutral marriage in 2017". Yle. 8 April 2016. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  71. ↑ "Tasavallan presidentin esittely 8.4.2016" (in Finnish). President of Finland. 8 April 2016. Archived from the original on 17 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  72. ↑ "HE 65/2015 vp" (PDF) (in Finnish). Parliament of Finland. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 April 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  73. ↑ "Hallituksen esitys eduskunnalle eräiksi avioliittolain muutoksen edellyttämiksi lainmuutoksiksi - Toinen käsittely" (in Finnish). 17 February 2016. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  74. ↑ "HE 232/2016 vp" (in Finnish). Parliament of Finland. Archived from the original on 20 January 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  75. ↑ Mollgren, Sami (3 November 2016). "Hallitus antoi esityksen avioliittolain uudistukseen liittyvistä sosiaaliturvalakien muutoksista". ranneliike.net (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 14 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
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  78. ↑ "Tasavallan presidentin esittely 13.1.2017" (in Finnish). President of Finland. 13 January 2017. Archived from the original on 17 April 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  79. ↑ Mollgren, Sami (13 January 2017). "Avioliittolain uudistus valmis: presidentti vahvisti toisen liitännäislakipaketin". ranneliike.net (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
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  81. ↑ "Hallituksen esitys eduskunnalle laeiksi sairausvakuutuslain ja elatustukilain 6 ja 8 §:n muuttamisesta sekä eräiksi muiksi avioliittolain muutokseen liittyviksi laeiksi - Toinen käsittely" (in Finnish). Parliament of Finland. 13 December 2016. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
  82. ↑ Pohjanpalo, Olli (14 December 2016). "Koko Rkp:n ryhmä painoi väärää nappia – äänesti vahingossa väärin eduskunnassa isyysrahalain käsittelyssä". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 14 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
  83. ↑ "Pöytäkirjan asiakohta PTK1322016 vp - 11. Hallituksen esitys eduskunnalle laeiksi sairausvakuutuslain ja elatustukilain 6 ja 8 §:n muuttamisesta sekä eräiksi muiksi avioliittolain muutokseen liittyviksi laeiksi" (in Finnish). Parliament of Finland. 13 December 2016. Archived from the original on 18 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
  84. ↑ "Kansalaisaloite avioliiton säilyttämisestä aidosti tasa-arvoisena, miehen ja naisen välisenä liittona ja sukupuolineutraalin avioliittolain kumoamisesta. Sukupuolineutraali avioliitto riistää adoptiolapselta mahdollisuuden korvaavaan kokemukseen eri sukupuolta olevista vanhemmista, isästä ja äidistä. Lapsen oikeus olla isän ja äidin hoidettavana ei voi toteutua samaa sukupuolta olevien avioliitossa. Samaa sukupuolta olevien parien oikeudet on huomioitu riittävällä tavalla parisuhdelaissa". Ministry of Justice of Finland (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
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  87. ↑ Mollgren, Sami (15 February 2017). "Lakivaliokunta esittää Aito avioliito -kansalaisaloitteen hylkäämistä - aloite eduskunnan täysistuntoon". ranneliike.net (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
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  93. 1 2 "Kansalaisaloite avioliiton säilyttämisestä aidosti tasa-arvoisena, miehen ja naisen välisenä liittona ja sukupuolineutraalin avioliittolain kumoamisesta - Toinen käsittely" (in Finnish). Parliament of Finland. 17 February 2017. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
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  105. ↑ Lång, Linus (26 June 2014). "Många präster stöder könsneutral äktenskapslag". Yle (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 18 February 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
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