Orkney and Shetland (UK Parliament constituency)

Coordinates: 59°46′30″N 1°48′11″W / 59.775°N 1.803°W / 59.775; -1.803

Orkney and Shetland
County constituency
for the House of Commons
Outline map
Boundary of Orkney and Shetland in Scotland.
Subdivisions of Scotland Orkney and Shetland
Electorate 33,229[1]
Current constituency
Created 1708
Member of parliament Alistair Carmichael (Liberal Democrat)
Number of members One
Created from Orkney and Shetland
Overlaps
European Parliament constituency Scotland

Orkney and Shetland is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. In the Scottish Parliament, Orkney and Shetland are separate constituencies. The constituency was historically known as Orkney and Zetland (an alternative name for Shetland).

Boundaries

The constituency is made up of the two island groups, Orkney and Shetland. A constituency of this name has existed continuously since 1708. However, before 1918 the town of Kirkwall (the capital of Orkney) formed part of the Northern Burghs constituency. It is the most northerly of the 650 UK Parliament constituencies.

The constituency is one of three "protected constituencies", the others being Na h-Eileanan an Iar and the Isle of Wight, defining constituency boundaries exclusively by geography rather than by (or partly by) size of electorate.[2] The constituency contains the areas of the Orkney Islands Council and the Shetland Islands Council. Before 2011 the constituency had been unique in having its boundaries protected by legislation.[3]

The constituency has the second smallest electorate of any UK parliamentary constituency, after Na h-Eileanan an Iar.[1]

Members of Parliament

The constituency has elected only Liberal and Liberal Democrat MPs since 1950; the longest run of any British parliamentary constituency.[4][5]At each general election from 1955 until 1979, in 1987, 2010 and again in 2017 it was the safest Liberal Democrat seat in the UK. At the May 2015 general election, it was the only seat in Scotland to return a Liberal Democrat MP. Two years later, in 2017, the Lib Dems gained three more seats in Scotland; increasing their Scottish seat count to 4.

YearMemberParty
1707 Sir Alexander Douglas
1713 George Douglas
1715 James Moodie
1722 George Douglas
1730 by-election Robert Douglas
1747 James Halyburton
1754 James Douglas
1768 Thomas Dundas I
1771 by-election Thomas Dundas II
1780 Robert Baikie
1781 Charles Dundas
1784 Thomas Dundas II
1790 John Balfour Tory[6]
1796 Capt. Robert Honyman I
1806 Col. Robert Honyman II
1807 Malcolm Laing
1812 Richard Honyman
1818 George Dundas Whig
1820 John Balfour
1826 George Dundas Whig
1830 George Traill Whig[6]
1835 Thomas Balfour Conservative[6]
1837 Frederick Dundas Whig[6][7][8]
1847 Arthur Anderson Whig[9]
1852 Frederick Dundas Whig[6][7][8]
1859 Liberal
1873 by-election Samuel Laing Liberal
1885 Leonard Lyell Liberal
1900 Cathcart Wason Liberal Unionist
1902 by-election Independent Liberal
1906 Liberal
1918 Coalition Liberal
1921 by-election Malcolm Smith Coalition Liberal
1922 Robert Hamilton Liberal
1935 Basil Neven-Spence Conservative
1950 Jo Grimond Liberal
1983 Jim Wallace Liberal
1988 Liberal Democrat
2001 Alistair Carmichael Liberal Democrat

Elections

Elections in the 2010s

General election 2017: Orkney and Shetland[10][11][12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Democrats Alistair Carmichael 11,312 48.6 + 7.2
SNP Miriam Brett 6,749 29.0 - 8.8
Labour Robina Barton 2,664 11.4 + 4.3
Conservative Jamie Halcro Johnston 2,024 8.7 - 0.2
UKIP Robert Smith 283 1.2 - 3.5
Independent Stuart Hill 245 1.1 N/A
Majority 4,563 19.6 + 16.0
Turnout 23,277 68.1 + 2.4
Liberal Democrats hold Swing + 8.0
General election 2015: Orkney and Shetland[13][14]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Democrats Alistair Carmichael[15] 9,407 41.4 - 20.6
SNP Danus Skene 8,590 37.8 + 27.2
Conservative Donald Cameron[16] 2,025 8.9 - 1.6
Labour Gerry McGarvey 1,624 7.1 - 3.5
UKIP Robert Smith[17] 1,082 4.8 -1.6
Majority 817 3.6 - 47.7
Turnout 22,728 65.8 + 7.3
Liberal Democrats hold Swing - 23.9
General election 2010: Orkney and Shetland[18][19][20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Democrats Alistair Carmichael 11,989 62.0 + 10.5
Labour Mark Cooper 2,061 10.7 - 3.5
SNP John Mowat 2,042 10.6 + 0.3
Conservative Frank Nairn 2,032 10.5 - 2.8
UKIP Robert Smith 1,222 6.3 + 3.9
Majority 9,928 51.3 + 13.9
Turnout 19,346 58.5 + 4.1
Liberal Democrats hold Swing + 7.0

Elections in the 2000s

General election 2005: Orkney and Shetland[21]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Democrats Alistair Carmichael 9,138 51.5 + 10.1
Labour Richard Meade 2,511 14.2 - 6.4
Conservative Frank Nairn 2,357 13.3 - 5.4
SNP John Mowat 1,833 10.3 - 4.5
Scottish Socialist John Aberdein 992 5.6 + 1
UKIP Scott Dyble 424 2.4 + 2.4
Legalise Cannabis Paul Cruickshank 311 1.8 + 1.8
Free Scotland Brian Nugent 176 1.0 + 1
Majority 6,627 37.4 + 16.7
Turnout 17,742 53.7 + 1.7
Liberal Democrats hold Swing + 8.3
General election 2001: Orkney and Shetland[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Democrats Alistair Carmichael 6,919 41.3 - 10.6
Labour Robert Mochrie 3,444 20.6 + 2.3
Conservative John Firth 3,121 18.7 + 6.4
SNP John Mowat 2,473 14.8 + 2.1
Scottish Socialist Peter Andrews 776 4.6 + 4.6
Majority 3,475 20.7 - 13.0
Turnout 16,733 52.4 - 11.5
Liberal Democrats hold Swing - 13.0

Elections in the 1990s

General election 1997: Orkney and Shetland[23][24][25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Democrats Jim Wallace 10,743 52.0 + 5.6
Labour James Paton 3,775 18.3 - 1.5
SNP Willie Ross 2,624 12.7 + 1.5
Conservative Hope Anderson 2,527 12.2 - 9.8
Referendum Francis Adamson 820 4.0 + 4
Natural Law Christian Wharton 116 0.6 -
Independent Arthur Robertson 60 0.3 + 0.3
Majority 6,968 33.7 + 10.3
Turnout 64.0 - 1.5
Liberal Democrats hold Swing + 3.6
General election 1992: Orkney and Shetland[26][27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Democrats Jim Wallace 9,575 46.4 + 4.7
Conservative Paul McCormick 4,542 22.0 - 1.3
Labour John Aberdein 4,093 19.8 + 1.1
SNP Frances McKie 2,301 11.2 + 11.2
Natural Law Christian Wharton 115 0.6 + 0.6
Majority 5,033 24.4 + 6.0
Turnout 20,626 65.5 - 3.2
Liberal Democrats hold Swing + 3.0

Elections in the 1980s

General election 1987: Orkney and Shetland[28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Jim Wallace 8,881 41.7 - 4.2
Conservative Richard Jenkins 4,959 23.3 - 2.3
Labour John Aberdein 3,995 18.7 + 5.4
Orkney and Shetland Movement John Goodlad 3,095 14.5 + 14.5
Green Grierson Collister 389 1.8 + 1.8
Majority 3,922 18.4
Turnout 68.7
Liberal hold Swing
General election 1983: Orkney and Shetland[29]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Jim Wallace 9,374 45.9 - 10.5
Conservative David Myles 5,224 25.6 + 4.3
SNP Winifred Ewing 3,147 15.4 + 10.6
Labour Robina Goodlad 2,665 13.1 - 4.3
Majority 4,150 20.3
Turnout 67.8
Liberal hold Swing

Elections in the 1970s

General election 1979: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Jo Grimond 10,950 56.4 + 0.2
Conservative C. Donaldson 4,140 21.3 + 7.1
Labour Robina Goodlad 3,385 17.4 + 5.4
SNP M. Spens 935 4.8 - 12.4
Majority 6,810 35.1
Turnout 67.2
Liberal hold Swing
General election October 1974: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Jo Grimond 9,877 56.2 - 5.8
SNP Howard Firth 3,025 17.2 + 17.2
Conservative Raymond M. Fraser 2,495 14.2 - 8.4
Labour Jonathan W. G. Wills 2,175 12.4 - 3.1
Majority 6,852 39.0
Turnout 66.8
Liberal hold Swing
General election February 1974: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Jo Grimond 11,491 62.0 + 15.0
Conservative John L. Firth 4,186 22.6 - 9.6
Labour Jonathan W. G. Wills 2,865 15.5 - 6.1
Majority 7,305 39.4
Turnout 71.1
Liberal hold Swing
General election 1970: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Jo Grimond 7,896 47.0 - 12.1
Conservative John L. Firth 5,364 31.9 + 9.6
Labour William Macpherson Reid 3,552 21.1 + 2.5
Majority 2,532 15.1
Turnout 65.6
Liberal hold Swing

Elections in the 1960s

General election 1966: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Jo Grimond 9,605 59.1 - 3.5
Unionist John L. Firth 3,630 22.3 + 2.3
Labour Hugh Lynch 3,021 18.6 + 1.2
Majority 5,975 36.8
Turnout 16,256 65.2
Liberal hold Swing
General election 1964: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Jo Grimond 11,604 62.6 -1.5
Unionist John L. Firth 3,704 20.0 + 1.5
Labour Ian MacInnes 3,232 17.4 -
Majority 7,900 42.6
Turnout 18,540 72.7
Liberal hold Swing

Elections in the 1950s

General election 1959: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Jo Grimond 12,099 64.1 + 0.3
Unionist Robert Hunter Wingate Bruce 3,487 18.5 - 1.9
Labour Robert S. McGowan 3,275 17.4 + 1.6
Majority 8,612 45.7
Turnout 18,861 71.3
Liberal hold Swing
General election 1955: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Jo Grimond 11,753 63.8 + 6.3
Unionist John W. Eunson 3,760 20.4 - 6.2
Labour Edgar Ramsay 2,914 15.8 - 0.4
Majority 7,993 43.4
Turnout 18,427 66.1
Liberal hold Swing
General election 1951: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Jo Grimond 11,745 57.5 + 11.3
Unionist Archibald Tennant 5,354 26.2 - 5.7
Labour Magnus A. Fairnie 3,335 16.2 - 3.1
Majority 6,391 31.3
Turnout 20,434 69.0
Liberal hold Swing
General election 1950: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Jo Grimond 9,237 46.8 + 12.6
Unionist Basil Neven-Spence 6,281 31.9 - 4.1
Labour Harald Leslie 3,335 21.3 - 8.5
Majority 2,956 15.0
Turnout 19,716 67.7
Liberal gain from Unionist Swing

Elections in the 1940s

General election 1945: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Unionist Basil Neven-Spence 6,304 36.0 - 21.6
Liberal Jo Grimond 5,975 34.2 - 8.2
Labour Prophet Smith 5,208 29.8 + 29.8
Majority 329 1.8 - 13.4
Turnout 17,487 55.5 + 9.2
Unionist hold Swing

Elections in the 1930s

General election 1939/40: Another general election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by the Autumn of 1939, the following candidates had been selected;

General election 1935: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Unionist Basil Neven-Spence 8,406 57.6 n/a
Liberal Robert Hamilton 6,180 42.4 n/a
Majority 2,226 15.2 n/a
Turnout 1,586 46.3 n/a
Unionist gain from Liberal Swing n/a
General election 1931: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Robert Hamilton Unopposed N/A N/A
Liberal hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1920s

General election 1929: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Robert Hamilton 8,256 60.4 n/a
Unionist Basil Neven-Spence 5,404 39.6 n/a
Majority 2,852 20.6 n/a
Turnout 13,660 43.1 n/a
Liberal hold Swing n/a
General election 1924: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Robert Hamilton Unopposed N/A N/A
Liberal hold Swing N/A
General election 1923: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Robert Hamilton 5,129 54.3 + 0.8
Unionist Robert Boothby 4,318 45.7 + 45.7
Majority 811 8.6 + 1.6
Turnout 9,447 39.1 + 1.7
Liberal hold Swing
Hamilton
General election 1922: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Robert Hamilton 4,814 53.5 n/a
National Liberal Malcolm Smith 4,189 46.5 n/a
Majority 625 7.0 n/a
Turnout 9,003 37.4 n/a
Liberal gain from National Liberal Swing n/a
Orkney and Shetland by-election, 1921
Party Candidate Votes % ±
C Liberal Malcolm Smith Unopposed
Liberal hold
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

Elections in the 1910s

General election 1918: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
C Liberal Cathcart Wason Unopposed
Liberal hold
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.
General election December 1910: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Cathcart Wason Unopposed
Liberal hold
Cathcart Wason
General election January 1910: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Cathcart Wason 4,117 80.6 + 1.6
Liberal Unionist Thomas William Hemsley 994 19.4 - 1.6
Majority 3,123 61.2 + 3.2
Turnout 5,111 71.8 + 8.5
Liberal hold Swing

Elections in the 1900s

General election 1906: Orkney and Shetland[30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Cathcart Wason 3,837 79.0 + 29.5
Conservative C. J. Dunlop 1,021 21.0 - 29.5
Majority 2,816 58.0
Turnout 4,858 63.3 + 8.4
Registered electors 7,680
Liberal gain from Liberal Unionist Swing + 29.5
McKinnon Wood
Orkney and Shetland by-election, 1902[30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Independent Liberal Cathcart Wason 2,412 46.8 + 46.8
Liberal McKinnon Wood 2,001 38.8 - 10.7
Liberal Unionist Theodore Vivian Samuel Angier 740 14.4 - 36.1
Majority 411 8.0
Turnout 5,153 68.1 + 13.2
Registered electors 7,572
Independent Liberal gain from Liberal Unionist Swing
Cathcart Wason
General election 1900: Orkney and Shetland[30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Unionist Cathcart Wason 2,057 50.5 + 10.4
Liberal Leonard Lyell 2,017 49.5 - 10.4
Majority 40 1.0
Turnout 4,074 54.9 - 1.0
Registered electors 7,420
Liberal Unionist gain from Liberal Swing + 10.4

Elections in the 1890s

Lyell
General election 1895: Orkney and Shetland[30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Leonard Lyell 2,361 59.9 - 2.0
Liberal Unionist Ralph Wardlaw MacLeod Fullarton 1,580 40.1 + 2.0
Majority 781 19.8 - 4.0
Turnout 3,941 55.9 - 4.0
Registered electors 7,053
Liberal hold Swing - 2.0
General election 1892: Orkney and Shetland[30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Leonard Lyell 2,624 61.9 - 1.1
Liberal Unionist William Younger 1,617 38.1 + 1.1
Majority 1,007 23.8 - 2.2
Turnout 4,241 59.9 + 9.4
Registered electors 7,075
Liberal hold Swing - 1.1

Elections in the 1880s

General election 1886: Orkney and Shetland[30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Leonard Lyell 2,353 63.0 - 0.3
Liberal Unionist Henry Hoare[31] 1,382 37.0 + 0.3
Majority 971 26.0 - 0.6
Turnout 3,735 50.5 - 21.1
Registered electors 7,394
Liberal hold Swing - 0.3
General election 1885: Orkney and Shetland[30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Leonard Lyell 3,352 63.3 + 2.5
Conservative Cospatrick Thomas Dundas [32] 1,940 36.7 - 2.5
Majority 1,412 26.6 + 5.0
Turnout 5,292 71.6 - 14.9
Registered electors 7,394
Liberal hold Swing + 2.5
General election 1880: Orkney and Shetland[33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Samuel Laing 896 60.8 N/A
Conservative George Roy Badenoch[34] 578 39.2 N/A
Majority 318 21.6 N/A
Turnout 1,474 86.5 N/A
Registered electors 1,704
Liberal hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1870s

General election 1874: Orkney and Shetland[33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Samuel Laing Unopposed
Registered electors 1,618
Liberal hold
By-election, 11 Jan 1873: Orkney and Shetland[33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Samuel Laing 646 51.0 N/A
Liberal Peter Tait[35] 621 49.0 N/A
Majority 25 2.0 −21.2
Turnout 1,267 82.4 +4.3
Registered electors 1,537
Liberal hold Swing N/A
  • Caused by Dundas' death.

Elections in the 1860s

General election 1868: Orkney and Shetland[33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Frederick Dundas 715 61.6 N/A
Conservative Henry Riddell[36][37] 446 38.4 N/A
Majority 269 23.2 N/A
Turnout 1,161 78.1 N/A
Registered electors 1,486
Liberal hold Swing N/A
General election 1865: Orkney and Shetland[33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Frederick Dundas Unopposed
Registered electors 685
Liberal hold

Elections in the 1850s

General election 1859: Orkney and Shetland[33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Frederick Dundas Unopposed
Registered electors 621
Liberal hold
General election 1857: Orkney and Shetland[33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig Frederick Dundas Unopposed
Registered electors 615
Whig hold
General election 1852: Orkney and Shetland[33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig Frederick Dundas 227 53.9
Conservative John Inglis[38] 194 46.1
Majority 33 7.8
Turnout 421 64.7
Registered electors 651
Whig hold Swing

Elections in the 1840s

General election 1847: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Arthur Anderson 209
Liberal Frederick Dundas 183
Majority 26
Turnout 392
Liberal hold Swing

Elections in the 1830s

General election 1835: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Tory Thomas Balfour 114
Whig George Traill 84
Majority 30
Turnout 198
Tory gain from Whig Swing
General election 1832: Orkney and Shetland
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig George Traill 107
Tory S. Laing 96
Whig R. Hunter 9
Majority 11
Turnout 212
Whig hold Swing

Notes

  1. 1 2 Office for National Statistics (24 February 2016). "Parliamentary Electors by Parliamentary Constituencies 2010–2015". Retrieved 17 February 2017.
  2. ↑ Protected constituencies, s 11, schedule 2, Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011. The constituencies are protected from splitting or merging in future boundary reviews. The two Isle of Wight constituencies have not yet been formed.
  3. ↑ Rule 3A of the Boundary Commission rules stated "A constituency which includes the Orkney Islands or the Shetland Islands shall not include the whole or any part of a local government area other than the Orkney Islands and the Shetland Islands." Boundary Commission Rules Archived 2014-09-24 at the Wayback Machine. This rule was added in the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986 and retained in the Scotland Act 1998, which established the Scottish Parliament.
  4. ↑ "Candidates and Constituency Assessments" Archived January 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.. alba.org.uk - "The almanac of Scottish elections and politics". Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  5. ↑ "The Untouchable Orkney & Shetland Isles " Archived 2 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine. (1 October 2009) www.snptacticalvoting.com Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Smith, Henry Stooks (1842). The Register of Parliamentary Contested Elections (Second ed.). Simpkin, Marshall & Company. pp. 207–208. Retrieved 14 September 2018 – via Google Books.
  7. 1 2 Churton, Edward (1838). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838. p. 77. Retrieved 14 September 2018 – via Google Books.
  8. 1 2 "Orkney". Fife Herald. 3 August 1837. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 14 September 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  9. ↑ "Forthcoming Elections". Morning Post. 27 July 1847. p. 2. Retrieved 14 September 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  10. ↑ "Election 2017: Carmichael to stand for re-election". BBC. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
  11. ↑ "shetnews: Barton for Labour". shetnews. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  12. ↑ "shetnews: Hill to Stand for Parliament". shetnews. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
  13. ↑ "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  14. ↑ http://www.shetland.gov.uk/elections/documents/DeclarationofResults-OrkneyandShetland.pdf
  15. ↑ "Alistair Carmichael reselected for Orkney and Shetland". Liberal Democrat Voice.
  16. ↑ "Conservative candidate named". The Shetland Times.
  17. ↑ "UKIP to field Robert Smith again". Shetland News.
  18. ↑ "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  19. ↑ "Press Association Elections". pressassociation.com.
  20. ↑ "BBC News — Election 2010 - Constituency - Orkney & Shetland". bbc.co.uk.
  21. ↑ "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  22. ↑ "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  23. ↑ "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  24. ↑ "Politics Resources". Election 1997. Politics Resources. 1 May 1997. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
  25. ↑ C. Rallings & M. Thrasher, The Media Guide to the New Parliamentary Constituencies, p.130 (Plymouth: LGC Elections Centre, 1995)
  26. ↑ "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  27. ↑ "Politics Resources". Election 1992. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
  28. ↑ "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  29. ↑ "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
  31. ↑ "Orkney and Shetland Election". Hampshire Advertiser. 28 July 1886. p. 4. Retrieved 6 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  32. ↑ "Every Man's Duty". The Shetland Times. 5 December 1885. p. 2. Retrieved 6 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book)|format= requires |url= (help) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
  34. ↑ "Candidate". The Shetland Times. 24 April 1880. p. 3. Retrieved 6 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  35. ↑ "Orkney and Shetland Election". The Shetland Times. 16 December 1872. p. 4. Retrieved 14 January 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  36. ↑ "The County Contest". Orkney Herald. 10 November 1868. p. 2. Retrieved 14 March 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  37. ↑ "Orkney and Shetland". London Evening Standard. 12 November 1868. pp. 4–5. Retrieved 14 March 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  38. ↑ "Orkney and Shetland Election". John o'Groat Journal. 23 July 1852. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 14 September 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

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