Aberdeen North (UK Parliament constituency)

Coordinates: 57°10′34″N 2°08′06″W / 57.176°N 2.135°W / 57.176; -2.135

Aberdeen North
Burgh constituency
for the House of Commons
Outline map
Boundary of Aberdeen North in Scotland for the 2005 general election.
Subdivisions of Scotland City of Aberdeen
Electorate 69,622
Current constituency
Created 1885
Member of parliament Kirsty Blackman (SNP)
Number of members One
Created from Aberdeen
Overlaps
Scottish Parliament North East Scotland
European Parliament constituency Scotland

Aberdeen North is a burgh constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and it elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. It was first used in the 1885 general election, but has undergone various boundary changes since that date.

There was also an Aberdeen North Holyrood constituency, a constituency of the Scottish Parliament,[1] created in 1999 with the boundaries of the Westminster constituency of at that time. It was abolished in 2011 by the new constituencies of Aberdeen Donside and Aberdeen Central.

Boundaries

Council areas
grouped by the Fifth Review
Aberdeen City and Aberdeenshire

Current

As redefined by the Fifth Review of the Boundary Commission for Scotland, and subsequently first used in the 2005 general election,[2] Aberdeen North is entirely within the Aberdeen City council area and one of five constituencies covering that council area and the Aberdeenshire council area. To the south of Aberdeen North there is Aberdeen South, which is also entirely within the Aberdeen City area. To the west there is West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine, which is entirely within the Aberdeenshire area, and to the north there is Gordon, which covers part of the Aberdeen City area and part of the Aberdeenshire area. Further north there is Banff and Buchan which, like West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine, is entirely within the Aberdeenshire area.

Fifth Review changes include the transfer of Bridge of Don, Dyce and Danestone areas from Aberdeen North to Gordon, and the new Aberdeen North has boundaries which are very different from those of the earlier constituency. The northern boundary of the earlier constituency coincided with the northern boundary of the Aberdeen City area. At that time, Aberdeen Central and Aberdeen South covered the rest of the Aberdeen City area, and all three Aberdeen constituencies were entirely within the council area.

Historic

1885 to 1918

From 1832 to 1885 there was a single Aberdeen constituency. Prior to 1832, the burgh of Aberdeen had been represented as a component of the Aberdeen Burghs constituency.

When Aberdeen North was created by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 and first used in the 1885 general election, so was Aberdeen South. Aberdeen North then consisted of the municipal wards of St Clement, St Andrew, St Machar and Greyfriars, and the 10th and 11th Parliamentary Polling Districts.[3] The rest of the county of Aberdeen was covered by the county constituencies of Eastern Aberdeenshire and Western Aberdeenshire.[4]

The same boundaries were used in the 1886 general election, the 1892 general election, the 1895 general election, the 1900 general election, the 1906 general election, the January 1910 general election and the December 1910 general election.

1918 to 1950

In 1918 constituency boundaries were redefined by the Representation of the People Act 1918. By then the City of Aberdeen had been created and, together with Aberdeen North, Aberdeen South became one of two constituencies covering the city (which was one of four counties of cities in Scotland) and entirely within the city. The new boundaries were first used in the 1918 general election, and Aberdeen North then consisted of the wards of Greyfriars, St Andrew, St Clement, St Machar, Torry and Woodside.[4] The county of Aberdeen was covered by Aberdeen and Kincardine East, Central Aberdeenshire and Kincardine and West Aberdeenshire. Aberdeen and Kincardine East and Central Aberdeenshire were entirely within the county of Aberdeen. Kincardine and West Aberdeenshire covered the county of Kincardine minus the burgh of Inverbervie, which was covered by Montrose Burghs, and part of the county of Aberdeen.

The same boundaries were used in the 1922 general election, the 1923 general election, the 1924 general election, the 1929 general election, the 1931 general election, the 1935 general election and the 1945 general election.

1950 to 1955

For the 1950 general election boundaries were redefined again, by the House of Commons (Redistribution of Seats) Act 1949. A new list of wards defined Aberdeen North - Glimonston, Greyfriars, St Clement, St Machar, St Nicholas and Woodside[4] - but the City of Aberdeen remained a two-constituency city, divided between Aberdeen South and Aberdeen North, with both constituencies entirely within the city.

The county of Aberdeen was now again divided between East Aberdeenshire and West Aberdeenshire, with both of these constituencies entirely within the county.

The same boundaries were used for the 1951 general election.

1955 to 1983

By the time of the 1955 general election, a boundary review had taken account of a small enlargement of the city area, and Aberdeen North was defined as consisting of the wards of Cairncry, St Andrews, St Clement's, St Machar, St Nicholas and Woodside.[4] The same boundaries were used for the 1959 general election, the 1964 general election, the 1966 general election and the 1970 general election.

For the February 1974 general election there was, again, no change to the boundaries of Aberdeen North, but a review had defined the constituency in terms of a new list of wards. The new wards were Mastrick, Northfield, St Clement's, St Machar, St Nicholas, and Woodside.[4] February 1974 boundaries were used also for the October 1974 general election.

In 1975, throughout Scotland, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, counties were abolished, and the City of Aberdeen was enlarged to include areas formerly within the county of Aberdeen and the county of Kincardine. Also, the city became a district within the Grampian region. The enlarged city included areas covered by the constituencies of West Aberdeenshire and North Angus and Mearns. North Angus and Mearns had been created in 1950 to cover the county of Kincardine and part of the county of Angus.

The 1979 general election was held before a review of constituency boundaries took account of new local government boundaries.

1983 to 1997

In this period the constituency was made up of the City of Aberdeen District electoral divisions of Ashgrove, Brimmond, Kittybrewster, Mastrick, Northfield East, Northfield West, St Machar, Seaton, Summerfield, and Woodside.

The 1983 general election, the 1987 general election and the 1992 general election took place during this period.

In 1996, under the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994, local government regions and districts were abolished and the city became one of 32 unitary council areas of Scotland. Also, the name of the city became, officially, Aberdeen City.

1997 to 2005

In this period the constituency was made up of the City of Aberdeen District electoral divisions of Balgownie, Brimmond, Danestone, Mastrick, Middleton, Northfield, Summerfield, and West Don, as provided for by the Parliamentary Constituencies (Scotland) Order 1995.[5]

Since 2005 the constituency is made up of the Aberdeen City Council wards of Auchmill, Berryden, Castlehill, Cummings Park, Donmouth, Hilton, Kittybrewster, Mastrick, Midstocket, Newhills, Pittodrie, St Machar, Seaton, Sheddocksley, Springhill, Stockethill, Summerhill, Sunnybank, and Woodside, as provided for by the Parliamentary Constituencies (Scotland) Order 2005.[6].

As redefined for the 1997 general election Aberdeen North was one of three constituencies covering and entirely within the Aberdeen City area, the other two being Aberdeen South and Aberdeen Central. Aberdeen South shared boundaries with both of the other two constituencies.

Members of Parliament

YearMemberParty
1885 William Hunter Liberal
1896 Duncan Pirie Liberal
1918 Frank Herbert Rose Labour
1928 William Wedgwood Benn Labour
1931 John George Burnett Unionist
1935 George Garro-Jones Labour
1945 Hector Hughes Labour
1970 Robert Hughes Labour
1997 Malcolm SavidgeLabour
2005 Frank Doran Labour
2015 Kirsty Blackman SNP

Election results

Elections in the 2010s

General Election 2017: Aberdeen North[7]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
SNP Kirsty Blackman 15,170 41.3 -15.2
Labour Orr Vinegold 11,031 30.0 +4.1
Conservative Grace O'Keeffe 8,341 22.7 +10.6
Liberal Democrat Isobel Davidson 1,693 4.6 -0.1
Independent Richard Durkin 522 1.4 +1.4
Majority 4,139 11.2 -19.3
Turnout 36,812 59.2 -5.7
SNP hold Swing -9.6
General Election 2015: Aberdeen North[8][9][10]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
SNP Kirsty Blackman 24,793 56.4 +34.2
Labour Richard Baker 11,397 25.9 −18.5
Conservative Sanjoy Sen 5,304 12.1 −0.3
Liberal Democrat Euan Davidson 2,050 4.7 −13.9
TUSC Tyrinne Rutherford 206 0.5 +0.5
National Front Christopher Willett 186 0.4 +0.4
Majority 13,396 30.5
Turnout 43,936 64.9 +6.7
SNP gain from Labour Swing +26.4
General Election 2010: Aberdeen North[11]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Frank Doran 16,746 44.4 +2.0
SNP Joanna Strathdee 8,385 22.2 –0.1
Liberal Democrat Kristian Chapman 7,001 18.6 –5.3
Conservative Stewart Whyte 4,666 12.4 +2.9
BNP Roy Jones 635 1.7 N/A
Scottish Socialist Ewan Robertson 268 0.7 –1.2
Majority 8,361 22.2
Turnout 37,701 58.2 +2.4
Labour hold Swing +1.0

Elections in the 2000s

General Election 2005: Aberdeen North[12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Frank Doran 15,557 42.5 −0.8
Liberal Democrat Steve Delaney 8,762 23.9 +7.5
SNP Kevin Stewart 8,168 22.3 −6.4
Conservative David Anderson 3,456 9.4 −0.6
Scottish Socialist John Connon 691 1.9 +0.4
Majority 6,795 18.5
Turnout 36,634 55.7 −0.7
Labour hold Swing −9.3
General Election 2001: Aberdeen North[13]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Malcolm Savidge 13,157 43.3 −4.5
SNP Alasdair Allan 8,708 28.7 +6.9
Liberal Democrat Jim Donaldson 4,991 16.4 +2.3
Conservative Richard Cowling 3,047 10.0 −5.0
Scottish Socialist Shona Foreman 454 1.5 N/A
Majority 4,449 14.6
Turnout 30,357 57.4 −13.3
Labour hold Swing −5.7

Elections in the 1990s

General Election 1997: Aberdeen North[14]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Malcolm Savidge 18,839 47.9 +12.8
SNP Brian Adam 8,379 21.8 −0.7
Conservative James Gifford 5,763 15.0 −3.6
Liberal Democrat Mike Rumbles 5,421 14.1 −9.7
Referendum Alasdair McKenzie 463 1.2 N/A
Majority 10,010 26.1
Turnout 38,865 70.7
Labour hold Swing +1.0

[15]

General Election 1992: Aberdeen North, revised boundaries (Notional)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour 35.1 N/A
Liberal Democrat 23.8 N/A
SNP 22.5 N/A
Conservative 18.6 N/A
Majority 11.3 N/A
General Election 1992: Aberdeen North[16][17]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Robert Hughes 18,845 47.0 −7.6
SNP James McGugan 9,608 24.0 +10.8
Conservative Paul S. Cook 6,836 17.1 +2.7
Liberal Democrat Martin Ford 4,772 11.9 −5.9
Majority 9,237 23.1 -13.8
Turnout 40,061 66.9 −3.0
Labour hold Swing −9.2

Elections in the 1980s

General Election 1987: Aberdeen North[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Robert Hughes 24,145 54.7 +7.7
Social Democratic Robert Smith 7,867 17.8 −6.9
Conservative Gae Scanlan 6,330 14.3 −3.8
SNP Philip Greenhorn 5,827 13.2 +3.9
Majority 16,278 36.9
Turnout 69.9
Labour hold Swing +1.0
General Election 1983: Aberdeen North[19]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Robert Hughes 19,262 47.0
Social Democratic Colin Deans 10,118 24.7
Conservative Gae Scanlan 7,426 18.1
SNP James McGugan 3,790 9.3
Ecology Margaret Harty 67 0.9
Majority 9,144 22.3
Turnout 65.0
Labour hold Swing +1.0

Elections in the 1970s

General Election 1979: Aberdeen North[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Robert Hughes 26,771 59.34
Conservative Gordon Cassie Adams 7,657 16.97
SNP Maureen Elizabeth Watt 5,796 12.85
Liberal Lindsay Jane McMillan 4,887 10.83
Majority 19,114 42.37
Turnout 69.67
Labour hold Swing +1.0
General Election October 1974: Aberdeen North[21]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Robert Hughes 23,130 50.88
SNP James Andrew McGugan 13,509 29.7
Conservative Peter Fraser 5,125 11.27
Liberal F. McCallum 3,700 8.14
Majority 9,621 21.16
Turnout 69.70
Labour hold Swing
General Election February 1974: Aberdeen North[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Robert Hughes 23,193 47.68
SNP James Andrew McGugan 11,337 23.31
Conservative G. Dunnett 8,115 16.68
Liberal Forbes McCallum 6,001 12.34
Majority 11,856 24.37
Turnout 75.60
Labour hold Swing
General Election 1970: Aberdeen North[23]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Robert Hughes 27,707 62.09
Conservative Dennis J Williams 9,807 21.98
SNP John McKenna 3,756 8.42
Liberal Forbes McCallum 2,835 6.35
Communist Andrew Ingram 521 1.17
Majority 17,900 40.11
Turnout 69.75
Labour hold Swing

Elections in the 1960s

General Election 1966: Aberdeen North
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Hector Hughes 28,799 67.55
Conservative Marcus Humphrey 8,768 20.56
Liberal Doreen W MacPherson 4,350 10.2
Communist Margaret Rose 719 1.69
Majority 20,031 46.98
Turnout 72.07
Labour hold Swing
General Election 1964: Aberdeen North
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Hector Hughes 31,844 68.91
Unionist John Mclnnes 14,366 31.09
Majority 17,478 37.82
Turnout 74.80
Labour hold Swing

Elections in the 1950s

General Election 1959: Aberdeen North[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Hector Hughes 32,793 64.43
Unionist Jack Stewart-Clark 15,137 29.74
SNP Sandy Milne 2,964 5.82
Majority 17,656 34.69
Turnout 76.70
Labour hold Swing
General Election 26 May 1955: Aberdeen North
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Hector Hughes 33,153 66.96
Unionist Charles A. Malden 16,357 33.04
Majority 16,796 33.92
Turnout 74.58
Labour hold Swing
General Election 1951: Aberdeen North
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Hector Hughes 33,711 64.73
Unionist Frank Magee 18,365 35.27
Majority 15,346 29.47
Turnout 82.90
Labour hold Swing
General Election 1950: Aberdeen North
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Hector Hughes 31,594 60.45
Unionist Archibald Tennant 15,705 30.05
Liberal John Gray Wilson 3,574 6.84
Communist Bob Cooney[25] 1,391 2.66
Majority 15,889 30.40
Turnout 82.90
Labour hold Swing

Election in the 1940s

General Election 1945: Aberdeen North
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Hector Hughes 26,753 69.67
Unionist Priscilla Buchan 9,623 25.06
SNP Austin William Walker 2,021 5.26%
Majority 17,130 44.61
Turnout 67.48
Labour hold Swing

Elections in the 1930s

General Election 1935: Aberdeen North[26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour George Garro-Jones 16,952 48.69
Unionist John George Burnett 13,990 40.19
Ind. Labour Party Arthur Fraser Macintosh 3,871 11.12
Majority 2,962 8.51
Turnout 65.86
Labour gain from Unionist Swing
General Election 1931: Aberdeen North[27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Unionist John George Burnett 22,931 64.30
Labour William Wedgwood Benn 8,753 24.54
Communist Helen Crawfurd 3,980 11.16
Majority 14,178 39.75
Turnout 73.36
Unionist gain from Labour Swing

Elections in the 1920s

General Election 1929: Aberdeen North[28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour William Wedgwood Benn 17,826 60.8 -
Liberal Reginald Berkeley 9,799 33.4 N/A
Communist Aitken Ferguson 1,686 5.8 N/A
Majority 8,027 27.4 +5.8
Turnout 29,311 62.5 −1.9
Registered electors 46,934
Labour hold Swing N/A
Aberdeen North by-election, 1928[29]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour William Wedgwood Benn 10,646 52.5 −8.3
Unionist Laura Sandeman 4,696 23.1 −16.1
Communist Aitken Ferguson 2,618 12.9 N/A
Liberal James Rankin Rutherford 2,337 11.5 N/A
Majority 5,950 29.4 +7.8
Turnout 20,297 56.8 −7.6
Registered electors 35,738
Labour hold Swing +3.9
General Election 1924: Aberdeen North [30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Frank Herbert Rose 13,249 60.8 +10.2
Unionist Laura Sandeman 8,545 39.2 +12.5
Majority 4,704 21.6 −2.3
Turnout 21,794 64.4 +11.4
Registered electors 33,826
Labour hold Swing −1.2
General Election 1923: Aberdeen North [31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Frank Herbert Rose 9,138 50.6 −5.1
Unionist William Forbes Lumsden 4,820 26.7 N/A
Liberal William Mackenzie Cameron 4,099 22.7 −10.9
Majority 4,318 23.9 +1.8
Turnout 18,057 53.0 −3.9
Registered electors 34,098
Labour hold Swing +2.9
General Election 1922: Aberdeen North [31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Frank Herbert Rose 10,958 55.7 +4.8
National Liberal William Mackenzie Cameron 6,615 33.6 N/A
Liberal James Johnstone 2,113 10.7 −38.4
Majority 4,343 22.1 +20.3
Turnout 19,686 56.9 +20.5
Registered electors 34,603
Labour gain from Independent Labour Swing N/A

Elections in the 1910s

General Election 1918: Aberdeen North[32][33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Independent Labour Frank Herbert Rose 6,128 50.9 N/A
Liberal Duncan Pirie* 5,918 49.1 −13.6
Majority 210 1.8 N/A
Turnout 12,046 36.4 −29.6
Registered electors 33,072
Independent Labour gain from Liberal Swing N/A

Pirie was endorsed by the Coalition Government but refused to give it his support.[34]

General Election Dec 1910: Aberdeen North[35][36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Duncan Pirie 4,282 62.7 +8.7
Liberal Unionist Robert Scott-Brown 2,546 37.3 +8.2
Majority 1,736 25.4 +0.5
Turnout 6,828 66.0 −11.0
Registered electors 10,341
Liberal hold Swing +0.3
General Election Jan 1910: Aberdeen North[35][36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Duncan Pirie 4,297 54.0 −8.8
Liberal Unionist Robert Scott-Brown 2,314 29.1 +17.0
Social Democratic Federation Tom Kennedy 1,344 16.9 −8.2
Majority 1,983 24.9 −12.4
Turnout 7,955 77.0 +3.7
Registered electors 10,331
Liberal hold Swing −12.9

Elections in the 1900s

General Election 1906: Aberdeen North[37][36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Duncan Pirie 4,852 62.8 −2.5
Social Democratic Federation Tom Kennedy 1,935 25.1 N/A
Conservative Maltman Barrie 931 12.1 −22.6
Majority 2,917 37.7 +7.1
Turnout 7,718 73.3 +8.7
Registered electors 10,531
Liberal hold Swing +10.1
General Election 1900: Aberdeen North[38][36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Duncan Pirie 4,238 65.3 −21.9
Conservative Robert Williams 2,251 34.7 N/A
Majority 1,987 30.6 −43.8
Turnout 6,489 64.6 +13.5
Registered electors 10,047
Liberal hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1890s

Pirie
Aberdeen North by-election, 1896 [39][36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Duncan Pirie 2,909 54.0 −33.2
Ind. Labour Party Tom Mann 2,479 46.0 N/A
Majority 430 8.0 −66.4
Turnout 5,388 57.1 +6.0
Registered electors 9,434
Liberal hold Swing N/A
William Hunter
General election 1895: Aberdeen North[39][36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal William Hunter 4,156 87.2 +3.5
Independent Labour John Lincoln Mahon 608 12.8 N/A'
Majority 3,548 74.4 +7.0
Turnout 4,764 51.1 −9.3
Registered electors 9,318
Liberal hold Swing N/A
General election 1892: Aberdeen North[40][36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal William Hunter 4,462 83.7 N/A
Liberal Unionist Bremner Patrick Lee 870 16.3 N/A
Majority 3,592 67.4 N/A
Turnout 5,332 60.4 N/A
Registered electors 8,832
Liberal hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1880s

General Election 1886: Aberdeen North[41][36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal William Hunter Unopposed
Liberal hold
General election 1885: Aberdeen North[41][36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal William Hunter 4,794 81.8 N/A
Conservative Benjamin Scott Foster McGeagh 894 15.2 N/A
Independent Liberal James Wallace Thom[42] 177 3.0 N/A
Majority 3,900 66.6 N/A
Turnout 5,865 71.0 N/A
Registered electors 8,256
Liberal win (new seat)

References

  1. ↑ The boundaries of Holyrood constituencies remain as when the constituencies were created in 1999
    Holyrood refers to the fact that the Scottish Parliament Building is in the Holyrood area of Edinburgh
    See also Scottish Parliament constituencies and regions
  2. ↑ Boundary Commission for Scotland website Archived 21 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
    See also List of UK Parliamentary constituencies in Scotland
  3. ↑ Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, Sixth Schedule
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885-1972 ( ISBN 0-900178-09-4), F. W. S. Craig 1972
  5. ↑ Parliamentary Constituencies (Scotland) Order 1995.
  6. ↑ Parliamentary Constituencies (Scotland) Order 2005.
  7. ↑ "General Election: SNP reselects 54 MPs". www.scotsman.com.
  8. ↑ "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  9. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  10. ↑ "Aberdeen North Parliamentary constituency". Election 2015 Results. BBC. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
  11. ↑ "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  12. ↑ "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  13. ↑ "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  14. ↑ "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  15. ↑ "British Parliamentary Election results 1997-: Scottish Counties". www.election.demon.co.uk.
  16. ↑ "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  17. ↑ "Politics Resources". Election 1992. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
  18. ↑ "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  19. ↑ "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  20. ↑ "UK General Election results: 1979 [Archive]". www.politicsresources.net.
  21. ↑ Whitaker's Almanack, 1977
  22. ↑ "UK General Election results: February 1974 [Archive]". www.politicsresources.net.
  23. ↑ "UK General Election results 1970 [Archive]". www.politicsresources.net.
  24. ↑ Whitaker's Almanack, 1963
  25. ↑ Stevenson, Graham. "Cooney Bob". A Compendium of Communist Biographies. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  26. ↑ Whitaker's Almanack, 1939
  27. ↑ Whitaker's Almanack, 1934
  28. ↑ "General Election 1929 - Results in Detail". The Times. 10 June 1929. p. iv.
  29. ↑ The Times, 18 August 1928
  30. ↑ Oliver & Boyd's Edinburgh Almanack, 1927
  31. 1 2 The Times, 8 December 1923
  32. ↑ Whitaker's Almanack, 1920
  33. ↑ Craig, F.W.S., ed. (1969). British parliamentary election results 1918-1949. Glasgow: Political Reference Publications. p. 573. ISBN 0-900178-01-9.
  34. ↑ The Downfall of the Liberal Party by Trevor Wilson
  35. 1 2 Debrett's House of Commons and the Judicial Bench, 1916
  36. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
  37. ↑ Whitaker's Almanack, 1907
  38. ↑ Liberal Yearbook, 1907
  39. 1 2 Debrett's House of Commons and the Judicial Bench, 1901
  40. ↑ Whitaker's Almanack 1893
  41. 1 2 Debrett's House of Commons and Judicial Bench, 1889
  42. ↑ "Rumoured candidature of Mr Wallace Thom". Aberdeen Free Press. 19 Jun 1885. pp. 4–5. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
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