Kedah Malay

Kedah Malay
بهاس ملايو قدح
ภาษามลายูไทรบุรี
Pelat Utagha
Bahasa Melayu Kedah
Native to

Malaysia Thailand

Myanmar Indonesia
Region Kedah, Pulau Pinang, Perlis, Perak, Satun, Trang, Hat Yai, Ranong, Tanintharyi, Acheh
Ethnicity Kedahan Malays, Thai Malays
Native speakers
 2.6 million (2004)[1]
Dialects
  • Kedah
  • Perlis
  • Penang
  • North Perak
  • Satun Province , Thailand
  • Jaring Halus, Sumatera
Language codes
ISO 639-3 meo
Glottolog keda1251[2]
Spread of Kedah Malay: A. Kedah Valley, B. Satun (Setul), C. Tanintharyi (Tanah Sari), D. Acheh

Kedah Malay or Kedahan (Also known as Pelat Utara or Loghat Utara 'Northern Dialect') also referred in Thailand as "Syburi Malay" (ภาษามลายูไทรบุรี) is a variety of the Malayan languages mainly spoken in the northwestern northern Malaysian states of Perlis, Kedah, Penang, and northern Perak and in the southern Thai provinces of Trang, Satun and parts of Yala, the usage of Kedahan Malay was historically prevalent in southwestern Thailand before being superseded by the Thai language. Enclaves of Kedahan Malay language can be found in Kawthaung District in Myanmar, Jaring Halus, Langkat in Indonesia and Bangkok, Thailand, mostly by the descendants of historical settles from Kedah.

Kedah Malay can be divided into several dialects, namely Kedah Persisiran (standard), Baling or Kedah Hulu, Kedah Utara, Perlis-Langkawi, Penang and some others outside Malaysia. See Malayan languages for a comparison of Kedah Persisiran, Penang and Baling dialects.

The main characteristic of Kedah Malay is the -a final vocal is pronounced as /ɑ/ such as /a/ in "dark", which is varied from standard Malay -a that pronounced as /a/. Other characteristics of the dialect are final consonant -r is pronounced as -q and final consonant -s is pronounced as -ih (e.g.:Lapar = Lapaq (Hungry), Lepas = Lepaih (release, after) ) while initial and middle r are guttural. Speakers in Trang are most heavily influenced by Thai language.[3]

Vocabulary

Some word examples of comparison between Kedah Malay and Standard Malay along with English translation:

Kedah Malay (Standard Subdialect) Standard Malaysian Malay (Malaysia) English
Ayaq Air Water
Hat/Hak Yang Which/That
Hang Kamu, Engkau You (singular)
Habaq Khabar, Beritahu Say/Tell
Cek Saya, Kamu I, You (singular)
Depa Mereka They, Them
Angpa/Hampa Kalian You (plural)/ Your Guys
Sepa (only used in certain areas) Kami We/Us
Pi Pergi Go
Mai Datang, Mari Come
Awat, Pasaipa Mengapa, Pasal Apa Why
La Sekarang Now
Sat Sebentar, Sekejap Moment (to wait)
Mengkala Bila/Apabila When
Ketegaq Degil, Keras Kepala Stubborn
Jom (widely used in Malaysian Malay) Ayuh, Mari Let's go
Kot (widely used in Malaysian Malay) Mungkin, Barangkali Maybe/Probably
Gerek Basikal (also used by Kedahan Malay that reside in urban area) Bicycle
Mertun Tukul Hammer
Tenggalung Baling Throw
Ghabat Panjat Climb
Ligan Kejar Chase
Loq Laq Tak senonoh Indecent
Ketit Gigit kecil Nibble
Tokak Gigit Bite
Berlemuih Comot Grubby
Beretuh Terlanggar Bump/Hit
Hawing Baling Throw (usually something big)
Kupang Puluh sen -ty cent(s) (example: ten cents, fifty cents etc.)
Jenuh Susah Burdensome (usually refers to an action)
Toyu Kicap Soy sauce
Celuih Muat Fits
Kutey Cubit Pinch/Tweak
Mangkaq (vulgar) Bodoh Stupid/Dimwit
Darai Pondan Transvestite
Taboh Pukul/Tampar Hit/Beat (someone)
Tauk Buang Get rid
Tokua Tauhu Tofu
Cengey Garang Aggressive/Fierce
Tu Itu That
Kona Belok Turn (Left/Right)
Ketegaq Degil Stubborn
Cemuih Bosan Bored
Kawaq Mencuri Steal

See also

References

  1. ↑ Kedah Malay at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Kedah Malay". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ "as they often do, their dialect is" - My library - Google Books. Books.google.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-02-20.


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