男

See also: 勇
男 U+7537, 男
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7537
← 甶
[U+7536] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 甸 →
[U+7538]

Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order (Japan)

Han character

男 (radical 102, 田+2, 7 strokes, cangjie input 田大尸 (WKS), four-corner 60427, composition ⿱田力)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 759, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21730
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1169, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2529, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7537

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 男
variant forms 㽖
侽

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 男
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 田 (“field”) + 力 (“strength”) – man providing the strength for agricultural labour.

Pronunciation
Note:
  • lam5 - Chaozhou;
  • nam5 - Shantou.
Rime
Character 男
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 覃 (159)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 那含切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /nʌm/
Pan
Wuyun		 /nəm/
Shao
Rongfen		 /nɒm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /nəm/
Li
Rong		 /nᴀm/
Wang
Li		 /nɒm/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /năm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 nán
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 男
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 nán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ nom ›
Old
Chinese		 /*nˁ[ə]m/
English man, male

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 男
Reading # 1/1
No. 9354
Phonetic
component		 男
Rime
group		 侵
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 南
Old
Chinese		 /*nuːm/

Definitions

男

  1. man; male
    男人  ―  nánrén  ―  man
    男孩  ―  nánhái  ―  boy
  2. son
    長男 / 长男  ―  zhǎngnán  ―  eldest son
  3. baron, lowest of five ranks of Chinese aristocracy (五等爵位) under the Zhou dynasty
  4. A surname​.

Synonyms
  • 公 (gōng, “male (of animals)”)

Antonyms
  • 女 (nǚ, “female”)

Compounds
Derived terms from 男

Japanese

Kanji
男

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. man
  2. son
  3. baron

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
男
おとこ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

⟨woto2ko1⟩ → */wotəkʷo/ → /wotoko/ → /otoko/

From Old Japanese.

Derived from おと (oto, cognate with Old Japanese 復つ (wotu → otsu), “to become young”) +‎ 子 (ko, “child”).

Compare 少女 (otome, “young woman”).

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

男 (hiragana おとこ, rōmaji otoko, historical hiragana をとこ)

  1. a man
    Antonym: 女 (onna)
  2. a male
    Synonym: 雄 (osu)
  3. a male lover
    Synonyms: 愛人 (aijin), 情人 (jōjin, jōnin), 情夫 (jōfu)
  4. a manservant
    Synonym: 下男 (genan)
  5. a husband
    Synonym: 夫 (otto)
  6. (obsolete) an unmarried young man
  7. (colloquial) homosexuality
    Synonyms: 男色 (nanshoku), 若道 (nyakudō)
Derived terms
Derived terms
Idioms
Idioms
  • 男 (おとこ)が廃 (すた)る (otoko ga sutaru)
  • 男 (おとこ)が立 (た)つ (otoko ga tatsu)
  • 男 (おとこ)になる (otoko ni naru)
  • 男 (おとこ)は気 (き)で持 (も)て (otoko wa ki de mote)
  • 男 (おとこ)は閾 (しきい)を跨 (また)げば七人 (しちにん)の敵 (てき)あり (otoko wa shikii o matageba shichinin no teki ari)
  • 男 (おとこ)は辞 (じ)儀 (ぎ)に余 (あま)れ (otoko haji gi ni amare)
  • 男 (おとこ)は松 (まつ)女子 (おなご)は藤 (ふじ) (otoko wa matsu onago wa fuji)
Proverbs
  • 男 (おとこ)の目 (め)には糸 (いと)を引 (ひ)け女 (おんな)の目 (め)には鈴 (すず)を張 (は)れ (otoko no me ni wa ito o hike onna no me ni wa suzu o hare)
  • 男 (おとこ)は度 (ど)胸 (きょう)女 (おんな)は愛嬌 (あいきょう) (otoko wa dokyō onna wa aikyō)
  • 男 (おとこ)は裸 (はだか)百 (ひゃっ)貫 (かん) (otoko wa hadaka-hyakkan)

Proper noun

男 (hiragana おとこ, rōmaji Otoko, historical hiragana をとこ)

  1. a surname

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
男
お
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/wo/ → /o/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

男 (hiragana お, rōmaji o, historical hiragana を)

  1. a man
    • 711–712, Kojiki (poem 5)
      ...那 (な)許 (こ)曾 (そ)波 (は)遠 (を)迩 (に)伊 (い)麻 (ま)世 (せ)婆 (ば)... [Man'yōgana]
      ...汝 (な)こそはをにいませば... [Modern spelling]
      na koso wa o ni imaseba
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    Antonym: 女 (me)
  2. a husband
    Synonym: 夫 (otto)
    Antonym: 女 (me)
  3. a male
    Antonym: 女, 牝, 雌 (me)
  4. something large, powerful, or otherwise masculine
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
男
おのこ
Grade: 1
Irregular

Compound of 男 (o, “male”, see above) +‎ の (no, possessive particle) +‎ 子 (ko, “child”).

Pronunciation
  • (Irregular reading)

Alternative forms

Noun

男 (hiragana おのこ, rōmaji onoko, historical hiragana をのこ)

  1. a boy
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 男 (おのこ)手 (で) (onokode)
  • 男 (おのこ)同胞 (はらから) (onoko harakara)
  • 東 (あずま)男 (おとこ) (azuma-otoko)
  • 上 (うえ)の男 (おのこ) (ue no onoko)
  • 下 (げ)種 (す)男 (おのこ) (gesu onoko)
  • 才 (ざえ)の男 (おのこ) (zae no onoko)
  • むくつけ男 (おのこ) (mukutsuke onoko)

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
男
なん
Grade: 1
goon

/nam/ → /namʉ/ → /naɴ/

From Middle Chinese 男 (MC nʌm).

The goon reading, so likely initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

Noun

男 (hiragana なん, rōmaji nan)

  1. a man
    Synonym: 男性 (dansei)
  2. a son
    Synonyms: 倅 (segare), 息子 (musuko)
Derived terms

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
男
だん
Grade: 1
kan’on

/dam/ → /damʉ/ → /daɴ/

From Middle Chinese 男 (MC nʌm).

The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

Noun

男 (hiragana だん, rōmaji dan)

  1. a man
  2. a son
  3. a young man, especially one who reached adulthood
    Synonyms: 壮丁 (sōtei), 若者 (wakamono)
  4. (historical) a baron
    Synonym: 男爵 (danshaku)

Proper noun

男 (hiragana だん, rōmaji Dan)

  1. a male given name

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

男 (eumhun 사내 남 (sanae nam))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Kunigami

Kanji

男 (hiragana いけが, romaji ikega, hiragana うんが, romaji unga)

Noun

男 (hiragana いけが, romaji ikega, hiragana うんが, romaji unga)

  1. man

Oki-No-Erabu

Kanji

男 (hiragana いぃんが, romaji yinga)

Noun

男 (hiragana いぃんが, romaji yinga)

  1. man

Okinawan

Kanji

男 (hiragana ゐきが, romaji wikiga, hiragana ゆきが, romaji yukiga)

Noun

男 (hiragana ゐきが, romaji wikiga, hiragana ゆきが, romaji yukiga)

  1. man

Derived terms
  • 男しーじゃ (ゐきがしーじゃ, wikiga shīja, “older brother”)

Vietnamese

Han character

男: Hán Việt readings: nam[1][2][3]
男: Nôm readings: nam[1][2]

  1. Hán tự form of nam (“man; male”).

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).

Yoron

Kanji

男 (hiragana をぅいが, romaji wuiga)

Noun

男 (hiragana をぅいが, romaji wuiga)

  1. man
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