See also:
U+8AF8, 諸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AF8

[U+8AF7]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8AF9]
U+FA22, 諸
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA22

[U+FA21]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+FA23]
U+FABA, 諸
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FABA

[U+FAB9]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+FABB]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 149, +8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜口十大日 (YRJKA), four-corner 04660, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 1172, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35691
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1637, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3982, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+8AF8

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*rtaːʔ, *rtaː
*tjaː, *tja
*tjaːʔ
*tjaːʔ, *taːʔ
*tjaːʔ
*l̥ʰjaːʔ
*tʰjaːʔ
*djaː, *taː
*hljaː
*toːlʔ
*taː
*taː
*taːʔ
*taːʔ
*taːʔ
*taːʔ
*taːʔ
*taːʔ, *tʰaʔ
*daː, *da
*daː
*daː
*daː
*ljaʔ
*ta
*ta
*ta
*ta, *da
*ta
*taʔ, *tʰaʔ
*taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ
*tas, *das
*da
*da
*tja
*tja, *djas
*tja
*tjaʔ
*tjaʔ
*tjaʔ
*tjaʔ
*tjas
*djas
*djas
*djas
*hlja
*hjaʔ
*taɡ
*taɡ
*taɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tjaː, *tja) : semantic  + phonetic  (OC *tjaːʔ).

Etymology

(*ta, "many, all") is considered a dependent (non-adjunctive) pronoun, gradually replacing (*tlai, “many, all”). The two may be cognate, and it may be conceivable that had branched off from in the sense "all" as the pre-nominal proclitic with the loss of the final *-i in .

Probably also cognate with (, “all”).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂu⁴⁴/ ~葛
/ʈ͡ʂu⁵³/ ~位
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂu²¹/
/t͡su²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
Qingdao /tʃu²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂu⁵³/
Xi'an /p͡fu²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂv̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂu¹³/
Lanzhou /p͡fu³¹/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡su⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡su⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂu⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂu³¹/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂu²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡su¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sz̩ʷ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡su³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sz̩³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡sz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sz̩ʷ³³/
Wenzhou /t͡sz̩³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕy³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕy¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕy³³/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕy³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕy⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡su⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tʃu²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sy⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sy⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sy⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡su⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sy⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sy⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡su³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡si²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (23) (23)
Final () (22) (100)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕɨʌ/ /t͡ɕia/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕiɔ/ /t͡ɕia/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕiɔ/ /t͡ɕia/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/cɨə̆/ /cia/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕiɔ/ /t͡ɕia/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕĭo/ /t͡ɕĭa/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕi̯wo/ /t͡ɕi̯a/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhū zhē
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhū
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsyo ›
Old
Chinese
/*ta/
English many

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 16959 17000
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*tjaː/ /*tja/

Definitions

  1. many; each; every; all (forming plurals; especially for persons to whom respect is due)
    /    zhūhóu   all the feudal lords
    /    zhūwèi   all those present
    子百家 / 子百家   zhūzǐbǎijiā   Hundred Schools of Thought
    /    zhū shì bù yí   do not do anything today (used in Chinese almanacs)
  2. Contraction of .
  3. Contraction of . it + into/onto/unto
    /    zhì zhū sǐ dì   to kill someone (lit. to put someone into the territory of death)
  4. A surname.

Compounds

  • 付諸付诸 (fùzhū)
  • 付諸一炬付诸一炬
  • 付諸不理付诸不理
  • 付諸實施付诸实施
  • 付諸東流付诸东流
  • 付諸洪喬付诸洪乔
  • 付諸流水付诸流水
  • 先秦諸子先秦诸子
  • 公諸公诸
  • 公諸同好公诸同好
  • 公諸於世公诸于世
  • 反求諸己反求诸己
  • 問諸水濱问诸水滨
  • 失諸交臂失诸交臂
  • 如指諸掌如指诸掌
  • 如運諸掌如运诸掌
  • 居諸居诸
  • 急張拘諸急张拘诸
  • 日居月諸日居月诸
  • 望諸君望诸君
  • 百家諸子百家诸子
  • 置諸度外置诸度外
  • 諸子略诸子略
  • 諸子百家诸子百家 (Zhūzǐ Bǎijiā)
  • 諸季诸季
  • 諸宮調诸宫调
  • 諸將诸将
  • 諸廣山诸广山
  • 諸暨诸暨 (Zhūjì)
  • 諸暨市诸暨市
  • 諸柘诸柘
  • 諸父诸父
  • 諸生诸生
  • 諸羅诸罗
  • 諸般诸般 (zhūbān)
  • 諸色诸色
  • 諸葛诸葛 (Zhūgě)
  • 諸葛四郎诸葛四郎
  • 諸葛巾诸葛巾
  • 諸葛燈诸葛灯
  • 諸餘诸余
  • 譬諸譬诸
  • 銛諸铦诸

References


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. various
  2. many
  3. several
  4. together

Readings


Korean

Hanja

• (je, jeo)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): , (revised: je, jeo, McCuneReischauer: che, chŏ, Yale: cey, ce)
    • Name (hangeul): 모두, 김치
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(chư, chơ, chưa, chã, chở, chứa, đã)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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