安

安 U+5B89, 安
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B89
← 守
[U+5B88] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 宊 →
[U+5B8A]

Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

安 (radical 40, 宀+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 十女 (JV), four-corner 30404, composition ⿱宀女)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

Wikidata

  • KangXi: page 282, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7072
  • Dae Jaweon: page 552, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 913, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5B89

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 安
variant forms 侒
𠕷
𭑨
𡚴

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 安
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (安) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
安 *qaːn
鞍 *qaːn
鞌 *qaːn
侒 *qaːn
按 *qaːns
案 *qaːns
洝 *qaːns
荌 *qaːns
晏 *qaːns, *qraːns
鴳 *qraːns
騴 *qraːns
鷃 *qraːns
頞 *qaːd
胺 *qaːd
咹 *qaːd

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 宀 (“house”) + 女 (“a woman or a kneeling person”) – person in a kneeling position sitting on the heels at home.

Etymology

A parallel stem is 宴 (OC *qeːns, “to be at ease; to rest”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).

Cognate with 按 (OC *qaːns, “to push down with hand”), an exoactive derivative, literally “to cause to be settled; calmed” (ibid.).

Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔɨāɫ (“rest”), comparing it to Mizo âwl (“to rest”) (and also noting Dhimal [script needed] (el-ka, “good”)). STEDT, however, traces the Mizo word to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-grwal ~ *ʔwal (“finish, loose, relax”) and did not list 安 (OC *qaːn) among its comparanda: namely 完 (OC *ɦŋoːn), 緩 (OC *ɢʷaːnʔ), 諼 (OC *qʰʷan, *qʰʷanʔ), 援 (OC *ɢʷans, *ɢʷan).

Pronunciation
Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note:
  • an - literary;
  • oaⁿ - vernacular.
Note:
  • ang1 - literary;
  • uan1 - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 安
Mandarin Beijing /an⁵⁵/
Harbin /an⁴⁴/
/nan⁴⁴/
Tianjin /nan²¹/
Jinan /ŋã²¹³/
Qingdao /ɣã²¹³/
Zhengzhou /an²⁴/
Xi'an /ŋã²¹/
Xining /nã⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /an⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ɛ̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /an⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ŋan⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ŋan⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ŋan⁵⁵/
/an⁵⁵/ 新
Kunming /ã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /aŋ³¹/
Hefei /ʐæ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɣæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /ŋɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ŋæ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ø⁵³/
Suzhou /ø⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔẽ̞³³/
Wenzhou /y³³/
Hui Shexian /ŋɛ³¹/
Tunxi /uːə¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ŋan³³/
Xiangtan /ŋan³³/
Gan Nanchang /ŋɵn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /on⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /on²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ɔn⁵³/
Nanning /ɔn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /ɔn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /an⁵⁵/
/uã⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /aŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /uiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /aŋ³³/
/uã³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /aŋ²³/
/ua²³/
Rime
Character 安
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 烏寒切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʔɑn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʔɑn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʔɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʔan/
Li
Rong		 /ʔɑn/
Wang
Li		 /ɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʔɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 ān
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 安 安 安
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 ān ān ān
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ 'an › ‹ 'an › ‹ 'an ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/ /*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/ /*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/
English peace(ful) how 安息 Ānxī (Iranian country in the western regions, W. Hàn; from Aršaka = Arsaces, founder of the Arsacid dynasty)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 安
Reading # 1/1
No. 11
Phonetic
component		 安
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 安
Old
Chinese		 /*qaːn/

Definitions

安

  1. calm; peaceful; tranquil; quiet
  2. comfortable; at ease
  3. safe; secure
  4. to calm; to pacify
  5. to feel satisfied with
  6. to find a place for; to plant
  7. to fit; to install
  8. to cherish; to harbour
  9. to confer (a title); to bestow; to put (the blame on someone)
  10. where
    沛公安在？ [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, circa 91 BCE
    Pèigōng ān zài? [Pinyin]
    Where is Pei Gong (Liu Bang)?
  11. how; why
    雄兔腳撲朔，雌兔眼迷離。兩兔傍地走，安能辨我是雄雌？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    雄兔脚扑朔，雌兔眼迷离。两兔傍地走，安能辨我是雄雌？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: 《木蘭詩》; translation by Jack Yuan
    Xióngtù jiǎo pūshuò, cítù yǎn mílí. Liǎng tù bàng dì zǒu, ān néng biàn wǒ shì xióngcí? [Pinyin]
    The buck bounds here and there, whilst the doe has narrow eyes. But when the two rabbits run side by side, how can you tell the female from the male?
  12. (physics) Short for 安培 (ānpéi, “ampere”).
  13. A surname​.
    1. (historical) A surname​ given to people from the Arsacid or Parthian Empire (安息 or 安國／安国)

Compounds
Derived terms from 安

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (安):

Japanese

Kanji
安

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Derived terms

Etymology
Kanji in this term
安
あん
Grade: 3
on’yomi

Sino-Japanese.

Affix

安 (hiragana あん, rōmaji an)

  1. calm; peaceful
  2. safe; secure
  3. easy; simple
  4. cheap; inexpensive
  5. (chemistry) ammonium

Derived terms
Compounds

Korean

Hanja

安 • (an) (hangeul 안, McCune–Reischauer an)

  1. Peace, peacefulness.

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

安: Hán Việt readings: an[1][2][3][4][5], yên[4][5]
安: Nôm readings: yên[1][2][3][6][4][7], an[1][2][4][7], án[1], ăn[1]

  1. Hán tự form of an (“safe; secure”).
  2. Hán tự form of yên (“calm; peaceful”).

Compounds
Compounds derived from 安 (an)
Compounds derived from 安 (yên)

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
  6. Hồ (1976).
  7. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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