U+63F4, 援
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-63F4

[U+63F3]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+63F5]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 64, +9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 手月一水 (QBME), four-corner 52047, composition)

  1. aid, assist
  2. lead
  3. cite

References

  • KangXi: page 445, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12407
  • Dae Jaweon: page 795, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1921, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+63F4

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*noːnʔ
*noːnʔ, *qʰʷan
*qʰʷaːns, *qʰʷan
*ɢʷaːnʔ
*ɢʷaːnʔ
*ɢʷaːnʔ
*ɢʷraːn
*ɢʷan
*ɢʷans, *ɢʷan
*ɢʷans
*ɢʷans, *ɢʷan
*ɢʷans
*qʰʷan, *qʰʷanʔ
*qʰʷan
*qʰʷans
*ɢʷan
*ɢʷan
*ɢʷan
*ɢʷan

Pronunciation


Note:
  • oân/oān/hoān - literary;
  • hoāⁿ - vernacular;
  • oan - vernacular (俗).

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (35) (35)
Final () (66) (80)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division () III Chongniu III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦʉɐn/ /ɦˠiuᴇnH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦʷiɐn/ /ɦʷᵚiɛnH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣiuɐn/ /ɣiuænH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦuan/ /ɦwianH/
Li
Rong
/ɣiuɐn/ /ɣjuɛnH/
Wang
Li
/ɣĭwɐn/ /ɣĭwɛnH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/i̯wɐn/ /i̯wɛnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yuán yuàn
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yuán
Middle
Chinese
‹ hjwon ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɢ]ʷa[n]/
English pull up

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 16167 16175
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɢʷans/ /*ɢʷan/

Definitions

  1. to aid, to assist, to help

Compounds

  • 支援 (zhīyuán)
  • 救援 (jiùyuán)
  • 救援隊救援队
  • 求援 (qiúyuán)
  • 無援无援
  • 畔援
  • 聲援声援 (shēngyuán)
  • 請援请援
  • 軍事援助军事援助
  • 阻援
  • 馳援驰援



Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
えん
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC ɦʉɐn, ɦˠiuᴇnH).

Pronunciation

Affix

(hiragana えん, rōmaji en)

  1. pull; draw
  2. aid; assist; help

Korean

Hanja

(won) (hangeul , revised won, McCuneReischauer wŏn, Yale wen)

  1. aid, assist
  2. lead
  3. cite

Vietnamese

Han character

(viện, vén, vẹn, vẻn, vịn, vin, vờn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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