緩

See also: 缓

緩	U+7DE9, 緩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7DE9

← 編
[U+7DE8]

CJK Unified Ideographs

緪 →
[U+7DEA]

Translingual

Han character

緩 (radical 120, 糸+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 女火月一水 (VFBME), four-corner 2294₇, composition ⿰糹爰)

References

KangXi: page 931, character 12

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27669

Dae Jaweon: page 1369, character 14

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3429, character 10

Unihan data for U+7DE9

Chinese

trad.		緩
simp.		缓

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
暖	*noːnʔ
煖	noːnʔ, qʰʷan
喛	qʰʷaːns, qʰʷan
緩	*ɢʷaːnʔ
鰀	*ɢʷaːnʔ
嵈	*ɢʷaːnʔ
鍰	*ɢʷraːn
湲	*ɢʷan
媛	ɢʷans, ɢʷan
瑗	*ɢʷans
援	ɢʷans, ɢʷan
褑	*ɢʷans
諼	qʰʷan, qʰʷanʔ
愋	*qʰʷan
楥	*qʰʷans
爰	*ɢʷan
鶢	*ɢʷan
蝯	*ɢʷan
猨	*ɢʷan

Originally written as 𦅻. Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢʷaːnʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 爰 (OC *ɢʷan).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huǎn (huan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wun⁶, wun⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fon / fón

(Meixian, Guangdong): fon⁴
Min Bei (KCR): hūing
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hoǎn / hoān / oǎn / oān

(Teochew, Peng'im): huêng² / huang² / mang⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: huǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˇ
  - Wade–Giles: huan³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hoan
  - IPA ^(key): /xu̯än²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: wun⁶, wun⁴
  - Yale: wuhn, wùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wun⁶, wun⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wun⁶, wun⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /wuːn²²/, /wuːn²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fon / fón
  - Hakka Romanization System: fon / fon`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fon⁴ / fon³
  - IPA: /fon⁵⁵/, /fon³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fon⁴
  - IPA: /fɔn⁵³/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hūing
  - IPA ^(key): /xuiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoǎn
  - Tâi-lô: huǎn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /huan²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
  - Tâi-lô: huān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /huan²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oǎn
  - Tâi-lô: uǎn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /uan²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oān
  - Tâi-lô: uān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oan
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /uan²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /uan³³/

Note:

hoǎn/hoān - literary;
oǎn/oān - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huêng² / huang² / mang⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huéng / huáng / māng
  - IPA ^(key): /hueŋ⁵²/, /huaŋ⁵²/, /maŋ¹¹/

Note:

huêng2/huang2 - literary (huêng2 - Chaozhou);
mang7 - semantic (訓讀) (original character is 慢).

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 緩
Mandarin	Beijing	/xuan²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/xuan²¹³/
	Tianjin	/xuan¹³/
	Jinan	/xuã⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/xuã⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/xuan⁵³/
	Xi'an	/xuã⁵³/
	Xining	/xuã⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/xuan⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/xuɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/xuan⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/xuan⁴²/
	Chengdu	/xuan⁵³/
	Guiyang	/xuan⁴²/
	Kunming	/xuã̠⁵³/
	Nanjing	/xuaŋ²¹²/
	Hefei	/xʊ̃²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xuæ̃⁵³/
	Pingyao	/xuɑŋ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/xuæ̃⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/uø³⁵/
	Suzhou	/uø⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/ʔuõ⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/jy³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/xuɛ³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/xuːə³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/xõ⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɦɔn⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/fɵn²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/fan¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/fon⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/wun²¹/
	Nanning	/wun³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/wun²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/huan²²/ /uan²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/huɑŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xuiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/maŋ³¹/ 訓讀
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/nuaŋ³¹/

Middle Chinese: /ɦuɑn^X/▼

Rime
Character	緩
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡管切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuɑn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷɑn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɑn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwan^X/
Li Rong	/ɣuɑn^X/
Wang Li	/ɣuɑn^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuɑn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huàn

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤa[n]ʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷaːnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	緩
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ hwan^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷˁa[n]ʔ/
English	slack; slow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	緩
Reading #	1/1
No.	16160
Phonetic component	爰
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	緩
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷaːnʔ/

Definitions

緩

slow, leisurely
to postpone, delay

Compounds

事緩則圓／事缓则圆
刻不容緩／刻不容缓 (kèbùrónghuǎn)
和緩／和缓 (héhuǎn)
嘽緩／啴缓 (tānhuǎn)
坦緩／坦缓
展緩／展缓
平流緩進／平流缓进
平緩／平缓 (pínghuǎn)
延緩／延缓 (yánhuǎn)
弛緩／弛缓
徐緩／徐缓
怠緩／怠缓
急脈緩受／急脉缓受
放緩／放缓
暫緩／暂缓 (zànhuǎn)
減緩／减缓
緩一步／缓一步
緩不濟急／缓不济急
緩兵之計／缓兵之计
緩刑／缓刑 (huǎnxíng)
緩勁／缓劲
緩勁兒／缓劲儿

緩化劑／缓化剂
緩召／缓召
緩和／缓和 (huǎnhé)
緩和劑／缓和剂
緩坡／缓坡
緩帶／缓带
緩役／缓役
緩徵／缓征
緩急／缓急 (huǎnjí)
緩急相濟／缓急相济
緩急輕重／缓急轻重
緩性／缓性
緩悠悠／缓悠悠
緩慢／缓慢 (huǎnmàn)
緩期／缓期 (huǎnqī)
緩步／缓步
緩步代車／缓步代车
緩步徐行／缓步徐行
緩步細搖／缓步细摇
緩氣／缓气
緩決／缓决
緩瀉／缓泻

緩緩／缓缓 (huǎnhuǎn)
緩緩／缓缓
緩緩而行／缓缓而行
緩行／缓行
緩衝／缓冲 (huǎnchōng)
緩衝區／缓冲区 (huǎnchōngqū)
緩衝地帶／缓冲地带
緩解／缓解 (huǎnjiě)
緩議／缓议
緩限／缓限
緩韁／缓缰
緩頰／缓颊
舒緩／舒缓 (shūhuǎn)
趨緩／趋缓 (qūhuǎn)
蹇緩／蹇缓
輕裘緩帶／轻裘缓带
輕重緩急／轻重缓急 (qīngzhònghuǎnjí)
迂緩／迂缓
遲緩／迟缓 (chíhuǎn)
闡緩／阐缓
陰緩／阴缓

Japanese

Kanji

緩

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

slacken
loosen
relax
lessen
be moderate
ease

Readings

Go-on: がん (gan)
Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
Kun: ゆるい (yurui, 緩い, Jōyō); ゆるやか (yuruyaka, 緩やか, Jōyō); ゆるむ (yurumu, 緩む, Jōyō); ゆるめる (yurumeru, 緩める, Jōyō); ゆっくり (yukkuri)

Korean

Hanja

緩 • (wan) (hangeul 완, revised wan, McCune–Reischauer wan, Yale wan)

Vietnamese

Han character

緩 (hoãn, hoán)

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