后

See also: 後
后 U+540E, 后
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-540E
← 名
[U+540D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 吏 →
[U+540F]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

后 (radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹一口 (HMR), four-corner 72261, composition ⿸𠂋口)

References
  • KangXi: page 176, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3298
  • Dae Jaweon: page 393, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 580, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+540E

Chinese

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 后
Shang Spring and Autumn Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (后) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
垢 *koːʔ
詬 *koːʔ, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs
茩 *koːʔ
姤 *koːs
銗 *ɡoː
骺 *ɡoː
后 *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs
垕 *ɡoːʔ
郈 *ɡoːʔ
逅 *ɡoːs
鲘
缿 *ɡoːs, *ɡroːŋʔ

Lateral inversion of 后 generates 司 (OC *slɯ).

Etymology 1
simp. and trad.
 后

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-gaw (“head”). Cognate with Tibetan གོ (go, “head; headman”), མགོ (mgo, “head, top, beginning”).

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 后 后
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 侯 (137) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 胡口切 胡遘切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦəuX/ /ɦəuH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦəuX/ /ɦəuH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣəuX/ /ɣəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦəwX/ /ɦəwH/
Li
Rong		 /ɣuX/ /ɣuH/
Wang
Li		 /ɣəuX/ /ɣəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣə̯uX/ /ɣə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hòu hòu
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 后
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 hòu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ huwX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ɢˁ(r)oʔ/
English sovereign; queen

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 后 后
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 5168 5172
Phonetic
component		 后 后
Rime
group		 侯 侯
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 厚 𠋫
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡoːʔ/ /*ɡoːs/

Definitions

后

  1. † king; ruler; emperor
  2. † queen; empress
  3. (suffix) queen; empress
    王后  ―  wánghòu  ―  queen
  4. A surname​.
Usage notes
  • The surname 后 is not to be confused with the surname 後.

Compounds
  • 皇天后土 (huángtiān hòutǔ)
  • 皇太后 (huángtàihòu)
  • 稱王封后／称王封后
  • 竇太后／窦太后
  • 群后
  • 蕭太后／萧太后
  • 西后
  • 西太后
  • 賀后罵殿／贺后骂殿
  • 賈后／贾后
  • 韋后／韦后
  • 風后／风后
  • 馬后練服／马后练服
  • 齊后破環／齐后破环

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 后 – see 後 (“behind; rear; back; later; after; afterwards; etc.”).
(This character, 后, is the simplified form of 後.)
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji
后

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. empress, queen

Readings

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
后
きさき
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Unknown. Possibly originally a contraction of 君幸 (kimi saki, literally “lordly good fortune”).

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

后 (hiragana きさき, rōmaji kisaki)

  1. queen, empress
Synonyms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
后
きさい
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

/kisaki/ → /kisai/

Sound shift from kisaki above. Appears to be less common in isolation than the kisaki reading above.[2][1]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

后 (hiragana きさい, rōmaji kisai)

  1. queen, empress

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 后 (MC ɦəuX, ɦəuH). Attested in 훈몽자회／訓蒙字會 as Middle Korean 후〯 (Yale: hwu).

Hanja

Wikisource

后 (eumhun 임금 후 (imgeum hu))

  1. Hanja form? of 후 (“ruler; monarch”).
  2. (suffix) Hanja form? of 후 (“queen; empress”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

后 (hậu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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