銜

See also: 衔

銜	U+929C, 銜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-929C

← 銛
[U+929B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

銝 →
[U+929D]

Translingual

Han character

銜 (radical 167, 金+6, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹人金一弓 (HOCMN), four-corner 2110₉, composition ⿲彳金亍)

References

KangXi: page 1305, character 12

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40390

Dae Jaweon: page 1807, character 22

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 840, character 15

Unihan data for U+929C

Chinese

trad.		銜
simp.		衔
variant forms		啣／衔衘

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡraːm) : semantic 行 + phonetic 金 (OC *krɯm).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xián (xian²)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haam⁴, ham⁴
Min Nan (POJ): khâⁿ / hâⁿ / hâm

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: xián
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
  - Wade–Giles: hsien²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: haam⁴, ham⁴
  - Yale: hàahm, hàhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haam⁴, ham⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ham⁴, hem⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /häːm²¹/, /hɐm²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khâⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: khânn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qvaa
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰã²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /kʰã²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hânn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvaa
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hã²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /hã²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâm
  - Tâi-lô: hâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: haam
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ham²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ham²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ham¹³/

Note:

khâⁿ/hâⁿ - vernacular;
hâm - literary.

Middle Chinese: /ɦˠam/▼

Rime
Character	銜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	戸監切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠam/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚam/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣam/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨm/
Li Rong	/ɣam/
Wang Li	/ɣam/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣam/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xián

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤr[a]m/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	銜
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xián
Middle Chinese	‹ hæm ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁr[a]m/
English	a bit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	銜
Reading #	1/1
No.	13534
Phonetic component	銜
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	銜
Old Chinese	/*ɡraːm/
Notes	當爲從金行聲

Definitions

銜

(of horses) bit
hold in mouth, bite
gag
(of emotion) at heart
(literary) to accept
to connect
銜接 / 衔接 ― xiánjiē ― to join together; to combine; to link up
title (of an official)

Compounds

全銜／全衔
冰銜／冰衔
前銜／前衔
加銜／加衔
勒銜／勒衔
名銜／名衔 (míngxián)
大銜／大衔
官銜／官衔 (guānxián)
官銜牌／官衔牌
宮銜／宫衔
授銜／授衔
撙銜／撙衔
日已銜山／日已衔山
會銜／会衔
枯魚銜索／枯鱼衔索
榮銜／荣衔
燕子銜食／燕子衔食
結草銜環／结草衔环 (jiécǎo xiánhuán)
職銜／职衔 (zhíxián)
臺銜／台衔
虛銜／虚衔

詭銜竊轡／诡衔窃辔
負屈銜冤／负屈衔冤
赤銜／赤衔
軍銜／军衔 (jūnxián)
轡銜／辔衔
連銜／连衔
鉗馬銜枚／钳马衔枚
銜冤／衔冤
銜冤負屈／衔冤负屈
銜勒／衔勒
銜名／衔名
銜命／衔命
銜哀致誠／衔哀致诚
銜尾／衔尾
銜尾相隨／衔尾相随
銜恤／衔恤
銜恨／衔恨
銜恨蒙枉／衔恨蒙枉
銜悲茹恨／衔悲茹恨
銜接／衔接 (xiánjiē)
銜杯／衔杯

銜枚／衔枚
銜橛之變／衔橛之变
銜泣／衔泣
銜璧／衔璧
銜環／衔环 (xiánhuán)
銜環結草／衔环结草
銜石填海／衔石填海
銜結／衔结
銜缺相當／衔缺相当
銜羞／衔羞
銜聲茹氣／衔声茹气
銜華佩實／衔华佩实
銜觴／衔觞
銜轡／衔辔
鏑銜／镝衔
面縛銜璧／面缚衔璧
領銜／领衔 (lǐngxián)
頭銜／头衔 (tóuxián)
馬銜／马衔 (mǎxián)
黃雀銜環／黄雀衔环

References

“銜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

銜

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: げん (gen)

Kan-on: かん (kan)

Kan’yō-on: がん (gan)

Kun: くつわ (kutsuwa), ふくむ (fukumu)

Korean

Hanja

銜 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham, Yale ham)

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Vietnamese

Han character

銜 (hàm)

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