Demographics of Equatorial Guinea
This article is about the demographic features of the population of Equatorial Guinea, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Population
According to the 2019 revision of the World Population Prospects[1][2] the total population was 1,308,975 in 2018, compared to only 226,000 in 1950. The proportion of children between the ages of 0 and 14 in 2010 was 39.2%, 57.9% was between 15 and 64 years of age, while 2.9% was 65 years or older.[3]
| Total population | Population aged 0–14 (%) | Population aged 15–64 (%) | Population aged 65+ (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 226 000 | 34.2 | 60.1 | 5.6 |
| 1955 | 238 000 | 35.7 | 59.0 | 5.3 |
| 1960 | 252 000 | 37.0 | 57.9 | 5.0 |
| 1965 | 269 000 | 38.3 | 56.9 | 4.8 |
| 1970 | 291 000 | 38.7 | 56.7 | 4.6 |
| 1975 | 238 000 | 44.8 | 49.8 | 5.4 |
| 1980 | 221 000 | 43.7 | 50.3 | 6.0 |
| 1985 | 313 000 | 34.7 | 60.4 | 4.9 |
| 1990 | 374 000 | 37.7 | 57.8 | 4.5 |
| 1995 | 443 000 | 41.9 | 54.1 | 4.1 |
| 2000 | 520 000 | 42.6 | 53.8 | 3.7 |
| 2005 | 608 000 | 40.5 | 56.2 | 3.2 |
| 2010 | 700 000 | 39.2 | 57.9 | 2.9 |
Structure of the population (DHS 2011) (Males - 9,043, Females - 9,702, Total - 18,745):
| Age Group | Male (%) | Female (%) | Total (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 16.1 | 15.2 | 15.7 |
| 5–9 | 13.2 | 12.5 | 12.8 |
| 10–14 | 11.7 | 10.4 | 11.1 |
| 15–19 | 8.7 | 8.4 | 8.6 |
| 20–24 | 7.3 | 8.6 | 8.0 |
| 25–29 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6.8 |
| 30–34 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.6 |
| 35–39 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 4.7 |
| 40–44 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.4 |
| 45–49 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 3.9 |
| 50–54 | 3.8 | 6.2 | 5.1 |
| 55–59 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 |
| 60–64 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.4 |
| 65–69 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 |
| 70–74 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
| 75–79 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
| 80+ | 1.2 | 1.8 | 1.5 |
| unknown | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| Age group | Male (%) | Female (%) | Total (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0–14 | 41.0 | 38.1 | 39.6 |
| 15–64 | 52.2 | 55.2 | 53.7 |
| 65+ | 6.4 | 6.6 | 6.5 |
Vital statistics
Registration of vital events is in Equatorial Guinea not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [3]
| Period | Live births per year | Deaths per year | Natural change per year | CBR* | CDR* | NC* | TFR* | IMR* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950–1955 | 9 000 | 7 000 | 2 000 | 40.9 | 30.4 | 10.5 | 5.50 | 196 |
| 1955–1960 | 10 000 | 7 000 | 3 000 | 40.5 | 28.7 | 11.8 | 5.50 | 186 |
| 1960–1965 | 10 000 | 7 000 | 3 000 | 40.1 | 26.9 | 13.3 | 5.53 | 176 |
| 1965–1970 | 11 000 | 7 000 | 4 000 | 40.7 | 25.3 | 15.3 | 5.66 | 167 |
| 1970–1975 | 10 000 | 6 000 | 3 000 | 36.8 | 23.7 | 13.1 | 5.68 | 157 |
| 1975–1980 | 8 000 | 5 000 | 2 000 | 32.9 | 22.2 | 10.8 | 5.68 | 149 |
| 1980–1985 | 11 000 | 6 000 | 5 000 | 41.7 | 21.4 | 20.3 | 5.79 | 138 |
| 1985–1990 | 16 000 | 7 000 | 9 000 | 47.4 | 20.4 | 26.9 | 5.89 | 128 |
| 1990–1995 | 18 000 | 8 000 | 11 000 | 45.0 | 18.7 | 26.3 | 5.89 | 118 |
| 1995–2000 | 20 000 | 8 000 | 12 000 | 41.3 | 17.2 | 24.0 | 5.87 | 114 |
| 2000–2005 | 22 000 | 9 000 | 12 000 | 38.4 | 16.3 | 22.1 | 5.64 | 111 |
| 2005–2010 | 24 000 | 10 000 | 15 000 | 37.3 | 15.1 | 22.2 | 5.36 | 102 |
| * CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman) | ||||||||
Fertility and births
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[4]
| Year | CBR (Total) | TFR (Total) | CBR (Urban) | TFR (Urban) | CBR (Rural) | TFR (Rural) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | 36.3 | 5.1 (4.4) | 36.5 | 4.4 (3.8) | 36.0 | 5.9 (5.1) |
Fertility data as of 2011 (DHS Program):[4]
| Region | Total fertility rate | Percentage of women age 15–49 currently pregnant | Mean number of children ever born to women age 40–49 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Insular | 4.3 | 8.4 | 5.0 |
| Continental | 5.4 | 9.2 | 6.0 |
Life expectancy
| Period | Life expectancy in Years[5] |
|---|---|
| 1950–1955 | 34.48 |
| 1955–1960 |  |
| 1960–1965 | |
| 1965–1970 | |
| 1970–1975 | |
| 1975–1980 | |
| 1980–1985 | |
| 1985–1990 | |
| 1990–1995 | |
| 1995–2000 | |
| 2000–2005 | |
| 2005–2010 | |
| 2010–2015 | |
Ethnic groups
2. Bubi (Bioko Island)
3. Igbo (far northwest)
4. Baka (Acot area)
5. Kwasio (Bujeba)
6. Benga (Playeros)
7. Gabonese (Cocobeach City)
8. Annobonese (mixed Portuguese, Angolan, Spanish)
9. Annobonese Creoles (Annobon Island)
10. Fang
Peoples considered as natives
The majority of the people of Equatorial Guinea are of Bantu origin. The largest ethnic group, the Fang, are indigenous to the mainland, but substantial migration to Bioko Island has resulted in Fang dominance over the earlier Bubi inhabitants. The Fang constitute 80% of the population and are themselves divided into 67 clans. Those in the northern part of Rio Muni speak Fang-Ntumu, while those in the south speak Fang-Okah; the two dialects are mutually unintelligible. The Bubi, who constitute 15% of the population, are indigenous to Bioko Island.
In addition, there are coastal ethnic groups, collectively referred to as Ndowe or Playeros ("Beach People" in Spanish): Combes, Bujebas, Balengues and Bengas on the mainland and small islands and a Fernandino community of Krio descended people on Bioko. Together, these groups compose 5% of the population.
Two small groups of Pygmies also inhabit the country, the Beyele and the Bokuign,[7] the former being located in the Altos de Nsork region.[8] Their population is dwindling, them being subjected to heavy pressure from their neighbours, who don't even consider them as human.[9]
8,800 black and white mixed race people, named Fernandino peoples, also live in Equatorial Guinea.[10] The Asian Africans, the Fernandino peoples and the White Africans represent 10% of the total population of Equatorial Guinea.
Recently immigrated peoples
Some Europeans (largely of Spanish or Portuguese descent) – among them mixed with African ethnicity – also live in the nation. Most Spaniards left after independence. There is a growing number of foreigners from neighboring Cameroon, Nigeria, and Gabon. Equatorial Guinea received Asians and black Africans from other countries as workers on cocoa and coffee plantations. In the late 20th century, Equatorial Guinea became home to more than 80,000 Hispanics from Mexico, Central America, and other Spanish speaking nations in the Americas. 17,000[11] Spanish people and 5,000[12] Chinese people also live in Equatorial Guinea. The non-Africans living in Equatorial Guinea represent almost 10% of the nation's total population. Other black Africans came from Liberia, Angola, and Mozambique, and Asians are mostly Chinese with small numbers of Indians. Equatorial Guinea also allowed many fortune-seeking European settlers of other nationalities, including British, French and Germans. After independence, thousands of Equatorial Guineans went to Spain. Another 100,000 Equatorial Guineans went to Cameroon, Gabon, and Nigeria because of dictatorship of Francisco Macías Nguema. Some of its communities also live in Brazil, United States, Spain, Colombia, Mexico, Argentina, Peru, Portugal, and France.
Languages
Spanish, French and Portuguese are the official languages and spoken as second languages. Spanish is the language of education, and for this reason a majority of the population (about 88%) can speak it, though only about 10–15% have a high competence in the language.[13] Annobonese speak a Portuguese Creole, named Annobonese, as their first language. Asian migrants and descendants of European settlers (mostly Spaniards, Britons and Portuguese) usually speak their ancestral languages along with Spanish. Other Africans usually speak their native languages and their nation's official languages – English and Igbo[14][15] for Nigerians; English for Cameroonians and Liberians; French for Cameroonians and Gabonese; and Portuguese for Angolans and Mozambicans. The latter was made an official language since July 13, 2007. 82% of first foreign language learners choose the French language and 18% the English language.[16] The Roman Catholic Church has greatly influenced both religion and education.
Languages of traditional names
Equatoguineans tend to have both a Spanish first name and an African first and last name. When written, the Spanish and African first names are followed by the father's first name (which becomes the principal surname) and the mother's first name. Thus people may have up to four names, with a different surname for each generation.
Other demographic statistics
Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2020.[17]
- One birth every 12 minutes
- One death every 42 minutes
- One net migrant every 37 minutes
- Net gain of one person every 11 minutes
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.[18]
Population
- 836,178 (July 2020 est.)
- note: 2002 census results claim 1,015,000 residents, although this most likely was inflated in anticipation for the December election.[19]
Age structure
- 0-14 years: 38.73% (male 164,417 /female 159,400)
- 15-24 years: 19.94% (male 84,820 /female 81,880)
- 25-54 years: 32.72% (male 137,632 /female 135,973)
- 55-64 years: 4.69% (male 17,252 /female 22,006)
- 65 years and over: 3.92% (male 13,464 /female 19,334) (2020 est.)
Population growth rate
- 2.35% (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 29th
Birth rate
- 30.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 31st
Death rate
- 7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 112th
Total fertility rate
- 4.11 children born/woman (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 29th
Median age
- total: 20.3 years. Country comparison to the world: 192nd
- male: 19.9 years
- female: 20.7 years (2020 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate
- 12.6% (2011)
Net migration rate
- 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 81st
Dependency ratios
- total dependency ratio: 64.4 (2020 est.)
- youth dependency ratio: 60.5 (2020 est.)
- elderly dependency ratio: 3.9 (2020 est.)
- potential support ratio: 25.5 (2020 est.)
Urbanization
- urban population: 73.1% of total population (2020)
- rate of urbanization: 4.28% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female
15–64 years:
0.93 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.7 male(s)/female
total population:
1 male(s)/female (2020 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 65.7 years (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 192nd
- male: 64.4 years (2020 est.)
- female: 66.9 years (2020 est.)
Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)
- total population: 95.3% (2015 est.)
- male: 97.4% (2015 est.)
- female: 93% (2015 est.)
See also
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Demographics of Equatorial Guinea. |
References
- ""World Population prospects – Population division"". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
- ""Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision" (xslx). population.un.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
- "Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision". Esa.un.org. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
- "Encuesta Demográfi ca y de Salud (EDSGE-I) 2011" (PDF). Dhsprogram.com. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
- "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 2018-08-26.
- "Africa :: EQUATORIAL GUINEA". CIA The World Factbook. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-09-14. Retrieved 2011-09-20.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- Monte Alén-Monts de Cristal Landscape: Ethnic groups. In: Observatoire des Fôrets de l'Afrique Centrale (2006). The Forests of the Congo Basin. The State of the Forest 2006, p. 117.
- "La página solicitada no existe – Foros". Foroguineoecuatorian.mforos.com. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
- https://www.peoplegroups.org/Explore/groupdetails.aspx?peid=13164
- https://www.britannica.com/place/Equatorial-Guinea
- https://www.fastcompany.com/849690/chinas-new-oil-supplier
- Gloria Nistal Rosique: El caso del español en Guinea Ecuatorial (in Spanish)
- "World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Equatorial Guinea : Overview". UNHCR. 20 May 2008. Retrieved 2012-12-18.
- Dickovick, James Tyler (2012). Africa 2012. Stryker Post. p. 180. ISBN 1-61048-882-2. Retrieved 2012-12-18.
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-03-27.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- "Equatorial Guinea Population 2019", World Population Review
- "The World FactBook – Equatorial Guinea", The World Factbook, June 1, 2020
- "Equatorial Guinea". State.gov. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
