Demographics of Djibouti

Demographics of Djibouti
Population 942,333[1] (2016)
Growth rate 2.23% (2014)
Birth rate 25.27 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)
Death rate 8.23 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)
Life expectancy 62.4 years (2014)
 • male 59.93 years
 • female 64.94 years
Fertility rate 2.79 children born/woman (2010)
Infant mortality rate 53.31 deaths/1,000 infants (2012 est.)[2]
Age structure
0–14 years 35% (male 132,592/female 132,114)
15–64 years 61.7% (male 206,323/female 260,772)
65 and over 3.3% (male 11,349/female 13,924)
Sex ratio
At birth 1.03 male(s)/female
Under 15 1 male(s)/female
15–64 years 0.8 male(s)/female
65 and over 0.81 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality Djiboutian
Major ethnic Somali 60%
Afar 35%
Minor ethnic French
Arab
Ethiopian Total 5%
Language
Spoken Arabic (official), French(official), Somali(official), Afar

This article is about the demographics of Djibouti, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Ethnic groups

Main ethnic groups in Djibouti.

Djibouti is a multiethnic country. As of 2016, it has a population of around 942,333 inhabitants[1]. Djibouti's population grew rapidly during the latter half of the 20th century, increasing from about 62,000 in 1950 to 889,000 by 2010.[3]

The two largest ethnic groups are the Somali (60%) and the Afar (35%). The Somali clan component is mainly composed of the Issas, a sub-clan of the larger Dir. The remaining 5% of Djibouti's population primarily consists of Arabs, Ethiopians and Europeans (French and Italians). Approximately 76% of local residents are urban dwellers; the remainder are pastoralists.[4]

Languages

A Somali man in a traditional taqiyah.
An Afar man in nomadic attire.

Djibouti is a multilingual nation.[4] The majority of local residents speak Somali (524,000 speakers) and Afar (306,000 speakers) as a first language. These idioms are the mother tongues of the Somali and Afar ethnic groups, respectively. Both languages belong to the larger Afroasiatic family. There are three official languages in Djibouti: Somali, Arabic and French.[5]

Arabic is of religious importance. In formal settings, it consists of Modern Standard Arabic. Colloquially, about 59,000 local residents speak the Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic dialect, also known as Djibouti Arabic. French serves as a statutory national language. It was inherited from the colonial period, and is the primary language of instruction. Around 17,000 Djiboutians speak it as a first language. Immigrant languages include Omani Arabic (38,900 speakers), Amharic (1,400 speakers), Greek (1,000 speakers) and Hindi (600 speakers).[5]

Population

1960–2012
YearPop.±% p.a.
196083,636—    
1969149,887+6.70%
1977277,750+8.02%
1980359,247+8.95%
1994652,793+4.36%
2000722,887+1.71%
2012859,652+1.45%
Source: World Bank[6]

According to the 2017 revision of the World Population Prospects[1], the total population was 942,333 in 2016 compared to 62,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 35.8%, 60.9% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.3% was 65 years or older.[3]

Total population (x 1000) Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 6246.851.22.0
1955 7046.052.02.0
1960 8545.452.52.0
1965 11744.953.02.0
1970 16245.852.22.1
1975 22445.952.02.1
1980 34045.352.52.2
1985 40344.653.12.3
1990 56244.253.42.4
1995 62743.454.12.5
2000 73241.355.92.7
2005 80838.558.53.0
2010 88935.860.93.3

Projections

The following are UN medium variant projections; numbers are in thousands:[3]

  • 2015 975
  • 2020 1,065
  • 2025 1,166
  • 2030 1,262
  • 2035 1,356
  • 2040 1,447
  • 2045 1,535
  • 2050 1,619

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events in Djibouti is incomplete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.[3]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR*
1950-19553 0002 0001 00050.028.321.77.80222
1955-19604 0002 0002 00050.725.725.07.80203
1960-19655 0002 0003 00051.223.827.47.80185
1965-19707 0003 0004 00050.321.628.67.60169
1970-19759 0004 0005 00047.819.428.47.20154
1975-198013 0005 0008 00045.217.427.86.80141
1980-198516 0006 00011 00044.015.528.66.60125
1985-199021 0007 00014 00043.114.528.66.40117
1990-199524 0008 00016 00040.113.426.75.85109
1995-200023 0008 00015 00034.412.222.25.11100
2000-200524 0009 00015 00031.211.319.94.5291
2005-201025 0009 00016 00029.410.518.93.9582
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Births and deaths [7]

Year Population Live births Deaths Natural increase Crude birth rate Crude death rate Rate of natural increase TFR
2009 9 853 1 082 8 771
2010 10 538 1 051 9 487
2011 10 871 1 011 9 860

Life expectancy

Period Life expectancy in
Years[8]
1950–1955 41.04
1955–1960 Increase 42.95
1960–1965 Increase 45.18
1965–1970 Increase 47.35
1970–1975 Increase 50.90
1975–1980 Increase 52.55
1980–1985 Increase 54.67
1985–1990 Increase 56.12
1990–1995 Increase 57.02
1995–2000 Steady 57.02
2000–2005 Increase 57.29
2005–2010 Increase 59.05
2010–2015 Increase 61.62

Demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook,[4] unless otherwise indicated.

Population

828,324 (July 2015 est.)

Median age

Total: 22.8 years
Male: 21.1 years
Female: 24.1 years (2014 est.)

Population growth rate

2.18% (2016 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 77.1% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 1.96% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Major cities - population

DJIBOUTI (capital) 529,000 (2015)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 0.89 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.71 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.85 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

Total population: 62.4 years
Male: 59.93 years
Female: 64.94 years (2014 est.)

HIV/AIDS

adult prevalence rate: 1.2% (2012 est.)
people living with HIV/AIDS: 7,700 (2012 est.)
deaths: 800 (2012 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: dengue fever

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)

Nationality

Djiboutien or Djiboutian

Ethnic groups

Somali 60%, Afar 88%, French and Italians, Arab, Ethiopian 5%[4]

Religions

The religious adherents of Djibouti are:[4]

Muslim 94%
Christian 6%

Languages

The languages of Djibouti are:[4]

French (official)
Arabic (official)
Somali
Afar

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 67.9%
male: 60%
female: 58.4% (2003 est.)

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision". ESA.UN.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
  2. ↑ "CIA – The World Factbook: Infant Mortality Rate". Archived from the original on December 18, 2012. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Africa :: Djibouti". CIA The World Factbook.
  5. 1 2 "Djibouti - Languages". Ethnologue. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  6. ↑ "World Bank". Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  7. ↑ "Demographic Yearbook". United Nations Statistics Division.
  8. ↑ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 2018-08-26.
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