National Capital Region (India)

National Capital Region
Region

Map of National Capital Region
Coordinates: 28°40′N 77°13′E / 28.667°N 77.217°E / 28.667; 77.217Coordinates: 28°40′N 77°13′E / 28.667°N 77.217°E / 28.667; 77.217
Country  India
States Delhi
Haryana
Uttar Pradesh
Rajasthan
Government
 • Regional authority National Capital Region Planning Board
Area
 • Total 54,984 km2 (21,229 sq mi)
Population (2011)[1]:6
 • Total 46,069,000
 • Density 840/km2 (2,200/sq mi)
Website ncrpb.nic.in

The National Capital Region (NCR) is a coordinated planning region centred upon the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT) in India. It encompasses the entire NCT of Delhi and several districts surrounding it from the states of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan.[2] The NCR and the associated National Capital Region Planning Board were created in 1985 to plan the development of the region and to evolve harmonized policies for the control of land-uses and development of infrastructure in the region.[3] Prominent cities of NCR include Delhi, Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Rohtak, Bahadurgarh, Sonipat, Noida and Meerut.

The NCR is a rural-urban region, with a population of over 46,069,000 and an urbanization level of 62.6%.[1] As well as the cities and towns the NCR contains ecologically sensitive areas like the Aravalli ridge, forests, wildlife and bird sanctuaries.[4] The Delhi Extended Urban Agglomeration, a part of the NCR, contributed $370 billion or roughly 4% to the Indian economy (measured in terms of GDP PPP) in 2015-16.[5]

History

The National Capital Region (NCR) and its planning board were created under the National Capital Region Planning Board Act of 1985.[6] That 1985 Act defined the NCR as being the whole of NCT of Delhi; the Haryana districts of Gurgaon, Faridabad (then including Palwal), Rohtak (then including Jhajjar), Sonipat, and the Rewari tehsils then in Mahendragarh; and the Uttar Pradesh districts of Bulandshahr, Meerut and Ghaziabad (including Hapur Tehsil), and some of the Rajasthan district of Alwar.[7][3] The 1985 boundary of the NCR covered an area of 34,144 km2.[1]:3

Gautam Budh Nagar district was created in 1997 out of the existing NCR districts of Ghaziabad and Bulandshahr. The city of Noida was the location of the new district's headquarters.[8] Also in 1997 Baghpat district was created from Baghpat tehsil of Meerut district.[9]

In July 2013, NCR was expanded to include three more districts, Bhiwani, and Mahendragarh in the state of Haryana, as well as Bharatpur in the state of Rajasthan. This brought the number of districts in the NCR to 19 (outside Delhi NCT), with the total NCR area increasing 34% to 45,887 km2.[10][11] Subsequently, Charkhi Dadri district was separated from Bhiwani district in 2016.[12]

On 9 June 2015 the Government of India approved the inclusion of three more districts in NCR - Jind and Karnal in the state of Haryana and Muzaffarnagar in U.P.[13][14][15][16] covering a total area of 50,566 km2.[17] Shamli district of U.P. was added to the NCR in December 2017.[18] There are now a total of 24 districts in the NCR (outside Delhi NCT).

On 9 January 2018 the government of Uttar Pradesh formally proposed the extension of the NCR to cover Aligarh, Bijnor, Hathras and Mathura.[19] It is also pushing to have the district of Agra included in the NCR. Punjab is also forcing to have Patiala, Dera Bassi and Mohali included in the NCR. Outskirts of Rajasthan like Bhadra are also included in the Future Extension plans.

Prior to the creation of the NCR, an area described as the Delhi Metropolitan Area (DMA) was described in the 1962 Master Plan for Delhi. That plan defined the DMA as comprising the Union Territory of Delhi and the ring towns of Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Ballabgarh, Gurgaon, Bahadurgarh and Loni, also certain rural areas, which had a population of the somewhat less than 2.1 million in 1951.[20] The following "Master Plan for Delhi", approved in August 1990, added Noida, Bahadurgarh and the then-proposed township of Kundli to the DMA, which consequently covered an area of 3,182 km2.[21]

Component districts

A total of 24 districts in three neighbouring states of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan along with whole of the National Capital Territory of Delhi constitute the National Capital Region (NCR) of India.[22]

The areas and populations (per 2011 census, prior to the addition of Muzaffarnagar, Jind, Karnal and Shamli) of these component districts are set out below:[2][1]:3,6

StateDistrictsAreaPopulation
(in thousands)
Uttar Pradesh Meerut 14,727 14,576
Muzaffarnagar
Ghaziabad
Gautam Budh Nagar
Bulandshahr
Baghpat
Hapur
Shamli
Haryana Faridabad 25,327 11,031
Gurgaon
Mahendragarh
Bhiwani
Charkhi Dadri
Nuh
Rohtak
Panipat
Sonipat
Rewari
Jhajjar
Palwal
Jind[23]
Karnal[23]
Rajasthan Alwar 13,447
[17]		 3,674
Bharatpur
NCT Delhi NCT Delhi 1,483 16,788
Total 54,984 46,069

Regional planning

The planning body for the region is the National Capital Region Planning Board (NCRPB). It has issued two regional plans, the "Regional Plan 2001, National Capital Region" approved in 1988,[24] and the "Regional Plan 2021, National Capital Region" approved in 2005.[25]

Topics covered by the 2001 plan included transport, telecommunications, power and water supply, waste and sewerage, education, health, the environment, housing and the "counter magnet" areas. The 2021 plan extended these with the additional topics of social infrastructure, heritage, tourism, rural development and disaster management.

Sewage connectivity

About 46% of the National Capital Region, home to 40 to 50 million people, is not connected to sewage networks. Sewage from these areas flows into stormwater drains that empty directly into the Yamuna.[26]

Central National Capital Region

The 2001 regional plan defined the "Delhi Metropolitan Area" (DMA) as including Ghaziabad, Noida, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Bahadurgarh and Kundli. The 2021 plan renamed the area as the "Central National Capital Region" (CNCR), covering about 2,000 km2 in addition to the 1,483 km2 of NCT Delhi.[27]

The 2021 plan estimated the 2001 population of the CNCR outside of Delhi NCT to be over 2.8 million, while Delhi NCT's population was 13.8 million, yielding a total CNCR population of 16.6 million.[28] As of 2016 the most recent population estimates have spanned 25.7 to 26.5 million people.[29][30]

Counter magnets

The 1985 Act (§2.c and §8.f) gives the NCRCB has the ability to select districts outside of the NCR to act as counter magnets, with a view to developing them further.[3]:2,10 Counter-magnet cities are identified as those that can be developed as alternative centres of growth and attract migrants to them rather than Delhi.[24]:121 The criteria for selecting counter magnet towns are: that they should have their own established roots and potential of growth,[24]:121 and should not be centres of either religious, strategic or environmental importance. The counter magnet cities should be given priority when allocating funding for development of land, housing and infrastructure.[24]:126

These cities, with their distances from the NCR, are:[2]

In Haryana state

In Madhya Pradesh state

In Punjab state

In Rajasthan state

In Uttar Pradesh state

In Uttarakhand

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Census 2011" (PDF). National Capital Region Planning Board. National Informatics Centre. p. 3. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 "NCR Constituent Areas". National Capital Region Planning Board. Archived from the original on 24 December 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 "The Gazette of India, National Capital Region Planning Board Act of 1985" (PDF). NCR Planning Board. 1985. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  4. ↑ "NCR expands, planning lags". The Indian Express. 18 January 2014.
  5. ↑ "With GDP of $370 billion, Delhi-NCR muscles out Mumbai as economic capital of India". The Financial Express. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  6. ↑ "Rationale". ncrpb.nic.in. NCR Planning Board. The National Capital Region (NCR) in India was constituted under the NCRPB Act, 1985
  7. ↑ "NCR Planning Board Act of 1985" (PDF). 1985.
  8. ↑ "Brief Industrial Profile of Gautam Budh Nagar" (PDF). Government of India Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. 14 August 2012. p. 1.
  9. ↑ "Census of India 2011 – Uttar Pradesh – District Census Handbook – Baghpat" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. 2011. p. 9. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  10. ↑ "The Organisation and Administration" (PDF). Ministry of Urban Development. Government of India. p. 32. Government of India vide Notification dated 1.10.2013 has included Bhiwani and Mahendragarh districts of the State of Haryana and Bharatpur district of the State of Rajasthan
  11. ↑ "3 more districts enter National Capital Region fold - The Times of India". Times of India. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  12. ↑ "Charki Dadri notified as 22nd district of Haryana". The Times of India. 5 December 2016.
  13. ↑ "NCR gets bigger; Jind, Karnal and Muzaffarnagar districts added". The Economic Times. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  14. ↑ "NCR to now include these 3 new districts".
  15. ↑ Business Standard. "NCR to now include 3 new districts - Part - 2". Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  16. ↑ "Jind and Karnal now at NCR - हरियाणा के 2 और जिले NCR में Amar Ujala". delhincr.amarujala.com.
  17. 1 2 "Sub-Regional Plan for Haryana Sub-Region of NCR-2021" (PDF). Department of Town & Country Planning. Government of Haryana. 10 June 2016. p. 2.
  18. ↑ "NCR-shamli-inclusion". The Hindu. 5 December 2017.
  19. ↑ Dabas, Harveer (9 January 2018). "UP govt sends proposal to include Bijnor, Mathura, Aligarh & Hathras in NCR". The Times of India.
  20. ↑ "Master Plan for Delhi" (PDF). rgplan.org. Delhi Development Authority. 1 September 1962. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  21. ↑ "Master Plan for Delhi" (PDF). Delhi Development Authority. August 1990. p. 8. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  22. ↑ National Capital Region Planning Board. Ncrpb.nic.in. Retrieved on 2013-07-16.
  23. 1 2 "NCR gets bigger; 3 more districts added". The Hindu. New Delhi. 9 June 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
  24. 1 2 3 4 "Regional Plan 2001, National Capital Region" (PDF). NCR Planning Board. 3 November 1988. the future interceptors of migratory flow
  25. ↑ "Regional Plan 2021, Background". ncrpb.nic.in. NCR Planning Board. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
  26. ↑ "No sewerage in 46% of NCR". The Times of India. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  27. ↑ "Evaluation Study of DMA Towns in National Capital Region" (PDF). Town and Country Planning Organisation. Ministry of Urban Development. September 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  28. ↑ "Regional Plan 2021 - Chapter 4, Demographic Profile and Settlement Pattern" (PDF). NCR Planning Board. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  29. ↑ Demographia (April 2016). Demographia World Urban Areas (PDF) (12th ed.). Retrieved November 17, 2016. (excludes Kondli)
  30. ↑ "The World's Cities in 2016" (PDF). United Nations. October 2016. p. 4. Retrieved 4 March 2017.

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